2021屆高考英語二輪復習之閱讀理解“典型技巧”高效練典型技巧15單一詞匯含義的猜測含解析

1、2021屆高考英語二輪復習之閱讀理解“典型技巧”高效練典型技巧15單一詞匯含義的猜測含解析2021屆高考英語二輪復習之閱讀理解“典型技巧”高效練典型技巧15單一詞匯含義的猜測含解析2021屆高考英語二輪復習之閱讀理解“典型技巧”高效練典型技巧15單一詞匯含義的猜測含解析典型技巧15 單一詞匯含義的猜測【考情角度】考情分析說明文類閱讀理解所涉及話題方方面面，但通常難度不大,應在弄清結構后再開始做。考查角度常涉及觀點態(tài)度類，寫作意圖類或詞義猜測題。【真題再現(xiàn)】（2018全國卷B)主題語境:健康的生活方式Many of us love July because its the month when

2、natures berries and stone fruits are eq avs4al(in abundance）。 These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbias fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although， because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little m

3、ore protein （蛋白質(zhì)), iron and zinc （not that fruits have much protein）. Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants （抗氧化物質(zhì)）. The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (櫻桃）, they are eq avs4al（

4、so delicious)。 Who cares？ However， they are rich in vitamin C。When combined with berries or slices of other fruits， frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit eq avs4al（shakes） and low fat “ice cream”。 For this purpose， select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. R

5、emove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like， a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown。 Frozen bananas will last several weeks， depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer。If you have a_juicer,_you can sim

6、ply eq avs4al(feed) in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit。 Out comes a “soft。serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away。 This makes a fun activity for a childrens part; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out belo

7、w。1.What does the author seem to like about eq avs4al（cherries）？A. They contain protein.B. They are high in vitamin A。C. They have a pleasant taste.D。 They are rich in antioxidants。2.Why is eq avs4al(fresh lemon juice） used in eq avs4al（freezing bananas）？A。 To make them smell better。B. To keep their

8、 colour.C。 To speed up their ripening。D. To improve their nutrition.3。What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?A. A dessert。B. A drink. C。 A container.D. A machine.答案與解析：1。C2.B3.D1.根據(jù)題干關鍵詞cherries定位原文第二段最后兩句，結合同義轉(zhuǎn)換確定答案。2.定位原文對香蕉保存方法的介紹可得出eq avs4al（答案).3。根據(jù)畫線詞后的feed in, Out comes和feeding the fruit .。

9、 the machine可推出畫線詞含義?！炯记舍屃x】利用語境猜詞義介紹包括櫻桃和藍莓在內(nèi)的水果的營養(yǎng)價值（第12段）介紹保存水果和讓水果食用起來更美味的方法(第3段）利用juicer制作水果甜品(第4段)【詞匯積累】shake n.奶昔feed vt。把放進/塞進nutritional adj.營養(yǎng)的ripening n。成熟in abundance大量地【技巧演練】（建議用時：45分鐘）Nowadays, many of the worlds largest brewers （a company that produces beer) are using new technologies

10、to replace the disposable， plastic six-pack beer rings with more sustainable and recyclable materials。Though mostly being used in small test trials, full adoption could have a positive environmental impact， according to some experts. Carlsberg， the Danish brewer， for example, is using glue to adhere

11、 cans in a production method that would avoid using 1，200 tons of plastic yearly， or the equal of 60 million plastic bags， once fully adopted.For most consumers, the miserable image of a seagull, turtle, or some other aquatic creature trapped or killed by the plastic rings really arouses their stron

12、g sympathy as well as their reflection on the plastic pollution issue。 That is a part of the reason why brewers have zeroed in on plastic sixpackring packaging. Luckily, children are taught to cut up the rings to lessen the chance that an animal might choke itself to death.Developed by E6PR (Edible

13、Six Pack Ring） programme， which is led by another brewery called Saltwater， the rings made of waste wheat in beer production are now used by 35 brewers across the globe， including in Africa, Europe, and Australia. The final goal is to ensure that they can be eaten harmlessly by aquatic creatures or

14、break down in nature within a matter of weeks rather than the years it will take for plastic.Giving up plastic straws and beer rings may help consumers feel better about their carbon footprint， but some experts say we should also focus on other efforts。 Recycling rates in the U。S. stand at just over

15、 34。 Glass， in which many brewers bottle their beer， can be difficult to recycle and transport。 If brewers chose thinner glass， the improvement could prove even more beneficial to the environment than giving up plastic rings.However, there can be a risk that consumers may be more likely to litter, i

16、f they think the E6PR rings are less harmful. “The idea of creating something thats litter-friendly is an issue in my mind, says Nina Goodrich， executive director of an environmental nonprofit organization, GreenBlue。 “What we need in North America is a better system to encourage collection and sort

17、ing.”1.What does the underlined word “adhere” in Paragraph 2 mean？A.attach。B。grasp.C.select。D.stick。2.We can learn from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3 that .A.Carlsberg has completely relied on the use of glue to stick cans as a production method.B.It is the death of sea animals that draws peoples atte

18、ntion to the plastic pollution problem。C.Children are taught to cut up the plastic rings to prevent the rings harming animals.D。Brewers have changed their packing materials due to the pressure from consumers。3.What is the authors attitude towards the E6PR rings？A.Doubtful。B.Neutral.C.Supportive。D。In

19、different。4.Which statement is true about Nina Goodrich？A。She wishes to establish a collection and sorting system in America。B.She doesnt think the E6PR rings are harmful for aquatic animals。C。Her team has already produced some litterfriendly materials。D.She is in charge of a charity that works on p

20、rotecting ocean environment。【答案】1。D2。C3。B4。A【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章講述的是世界上許多大的啤酒生產(chǎn)商正在使用新技術來代替一次性塑料啤酒捆綁環(huán),以減少對水生生物和環(huán)境的危害.1。詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“。.the Danish brewer， for example， is using glue to 。.。 cans in a production method ”(例如，丹麥啤酒制造商嘉士伯（Carlsberg)就在一種生產(chǎn)方法中使用膠水來粘接易拉罐.）可知，是用膠水來封罐，adhere意為“粘住”。故選D。2。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Luc

21、kily, many children are taught to cut up the rings to lessen the chance that an animal might choke itself to death。(幸運的是，許多孩子被教導要把塑料環(huán)切碎，以減少動物可能窒息而死的機會。)可知，孩子們被教導剪碎塑料環(huán),以防止塑料環(huán)傷害動物。故選C 。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段作者在介紹E6PR rings的成分 （made of waste wheat），使用范圍和最終目標“The final goal is to ensure that they can be eaten

22、harmlessly by aquatic creatures or break down in nature within a matter of weeks rather than the years it will take for plastic.”（最終目標是確保它們能在幾周內(nèi)被水生生物無害地吃掉,或在自然界中分解，而不是像塑料那樣需要數(shù)年時間。）和文章最后一段第一句“Theres also the risk that if consumers think their E6PR rings are less harmful, theyll be more likely to litt

23、er.”(還有一個風險是，如果消費者認為他們的E6PR環(huán)危害更小，他們就更有可能亂扔垃圾。）可知，還有一個風險是，如果消費者認為E6PR塑料環(huán)危害較小，他們就更有可能亂扔垃圾。所以,作者只是客觀地介紹了E6PR 塑料環(huán)，作者對E6PR塑料環(huán)持中立態(tài)度.故選B。4。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“What we need in North America is a better system to encourage collection and sorting.（我們在北美所需要的是一個更好的系統(tǒng)來鼓勵收集和分類。）可知，她希望在美國建立一個收集和分類系統(tǒng)。故選A 。2Standing in

24、 line for the latest iPhone at the Apple store，queuing for tickets to Wimbledon or even just waiting at the post office might just have got a lot easier。Japanese car-maker Nissan claims to have just the thing to relieve the sore legs of weary queuers。The new system of “selfdriving” chairs is designe

25、d to detect when someone at the front of the queue is summoned, and automatically move everyone else one step forward in line。The new invention is shown off in a company video， which re-enacts (重視） a busy restaurant with customers waiting outside。 In the video， diners are sitting in a row of chairs,

26、 but will not have to stand when the next hungry diner is called to a table. Instead the chairs， equipped with autonomous technology that detects the seat ahead, slide along a path toward the front of the line. When the person at the front of the queue is summoned, the empty chair at the front can s

27、ense it is empty and so moves out of pole position。 Cameras on the remaining chairs then sense the movement and follow automatically.The system, which is similar to the kind used in Nissans autonomous vehicle technology， will be tested at select restaurants in Japan this year, Nissan said.Although T

28、okyo has some 160,000 restaurants， long queues are not uncommon。 Therefore this system appeals to anyone who has queued for hours outside a crowded restaurant： it reduces the physical stress of standing in line， Nissan added.Nissan also released a short video showing the chairs being used in an art

29、gallery, moving slowly in front of the various paintings to let viewers appreciate the art without the need to stand up。5.Whats the meaning ofsummoned”underlined in paragraph 3?-A。detectedB。calledC。shownD.tested6.“Self-driving”chairs have already been used in a(an） 。A。restaurantB.Apple storeC.post o

30、fficeD。art gallery7.According to the passage, which of the following statement is true?A.With “selfdriving chairs， people will be released of queuing.B。The new invention is shown off in a busy restaurant。C。When the person at the front is summoned, all the chairs move out of pole position。D。Long queu

31、es are common in Tokyos restaurants?！敬鸢浮?。B6。D7。D【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種能消除長時間排隊帶來的無聊和身體上痛苦的一種新型發(fā)明裝置“自動駕駛”座椅及具體使用。5。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)下文“automatically move everyone else one step forward in line.” 并自動將其他所有人向前移動一步，可以推測到上文是這種新的“自動駕駛椅子系統(tǒng)是為了檢測前排的人何時被召喚，由此可推斷summoned意為“叫，召喚,與called同義，故選B。6.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Nissan als

32、o released a short video showing the chairs being used in an art gallery, moving slowly in front of the various paintings to let viewers appreciate the art without the need to stand up?！?Nissan還發(fā)布了一段短視頻,展示了一家美術館使用的椅子,在各種畫作前緩慢移動，讓觀眾無需站起來就能欣賞藝術品。由此可知美術館已經(jīng)使用了“自動駕駛”座椅，故選D。7.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第四段“The new invention

33、 is shown off in a company video, which reenacts （重視） a busy restaurant with customers waiting outside。 In the video, diners are sitting in a row of chairs， but will not have to stand when the next hungry diner is called to a table。 該公司在一段視頻中展示了這一新發(fā)明，再現(xiàn)了一家繁忙的餐廳，顧客在門外等候。在視頻中，用餐者們坐在一排椅子上，但當下一個饑腸轆轆的用餐者

34、被叫到桌前時，他們就不用站著了.由此可知，“自動駕駛座椅是在視頻中展示，顧客坐在椅子上排隊,故A.B都是錯誤的；根據(jù)第三段“The new system of “selfdriving” chairs is designed to detect when someone at the front of the queue is summoned, and automatically move everyone else one step forward in line?！?“自動駕駛座椅的新系統(tǒng)設計用于檢測排在隊伍前面的人被召喚到時，并自動將其他所有人向前移動一步，C錯誤；再根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一

35、句“Although Tokyo has some 160，000 restaurants, long queues are not uncommon.” 盡管東京有16萬家餐館，但排長隊的情況并不少見。因此D選項正確，故選D。3When an editor called to ask if I could photograph a story about fireflies in Mexico， I didnt check my schedule before I said yes。 Id seen these insects light up the forests in Tlaxcala

36、 once before， and I jumped at the chance to go back。While studying， I began exploring Mexico， crossing the country several times by bus。 Now I work as a photojournalist in Mexico and along the border, documenting desperate situations that rarely seem to improve for everyday Mexicans. Though necessar

37、y and important， news stories dont reflect the Mexico that I fell for and that is home to so many people I love。 An assignment focused on the countrys natural beauty was a welcome reprieve. I had three nights to film the magical scene in the forest。 According to our guides, visitors are usually not

38、allowed to photograph the fireflies because the presence of artificial light from electronics can affect their habits。 As I started shooting， I adjusted my exposures constantly to account for the fading light。 In order to get the composition that I wanted， I placed my tripod（三腳架）) on a steep, rocky

39、path and had to steady it during the long exposures。 Normally this wouldnt be a big deal， but the fireflies were very interested in the camera and, by extension， in me。 I stood completely still while they crawled（爬) all over memy arms, my hair， my face. From what I observed， peak firefly presence ha

40、ppens for only about 20 minutes each night, so I had time for just a few tries。On the last night everything came together. The weather cooperated。 I had improved my method for focusing and composing in the dark with quick flashes from a powerful flashlightand Id grown accustomed to insects on my fac

41、e.I was rewarded with the image you see here. Each dot of light is one of several bursts that a firefly makes as it travels within a 30second exposure. You can trace the insects paths: Some make small loops(環(huán)）， like those in the bottom center of the frame， while others move steadily in one direction

42、 or another.8.How did the author feel about the editors request？A.upset.B.delighted。C.confused.D.embarrassed.9.What can best replace the underlined word “reprieve” in paragraph2?A.reliefB。returnC。trendD.victory10。What did the author focus on during the first two night?A.learning about the local trav

43、el rules。B。researching the habit of the fireflies.C。communicating constantly with the guides.D.finding the suitable spot and time to photograph.11。What is the purpose of the text？A.To tell stories about fireflies.B。To introduce a photo to readers.C。To record a travelling experience。D。To show the aut

44、hors working conditions。【答案】8。B9.A10。D11.B【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了作者拍攝的一張關于螢火蟲的照片背后的故事。8.推理判斷題.根據(jù)文章第一段“When an editor called to ask if I could photograph a story about fireflies in Mexico, I didnt check my schedule before I said yes?！保ó斠晃痪庉嫶螂娫拞栁沂欠窨梢耘臄z一篇關于墨西哥螢火蟲的報道時,我沒有查看我的時間表就答應了。）和“I jumped at the chanc

45、e to go back”（我欣然接受了這個回去的機會）可知，作者沒有確認自己的行程就一口答應編輯的要求,由此推知，他很高興地接受了這個請求。故選B。9。詞句猜測題.根據(jù)上文“Though necessary and important， news stories dont reflect the Mexico that I fell for and that is home to so many people I love?！保m然新聞報道很有必要也很重要，但它并不能反映我傾心的墨西哥，那里是我愛的許多人的家園.）可知,作者作為攝影記者在墨西哥工作,記錄著墨西哥人每天都面臨的危險狀況，而這樣

46、的新聞反應不出作者喜歡的墨西哥.現(xiàn)在有這樣一個關注墨西哥自然美的工作機會，對于作者來說是一個讓他開心的緩解機會?！皉eprieve”和relief意思接近，意為“緩解。故選A。10.推理判斷題。文章第三段介紹了作者前兩個晚上都做了什么，根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容“As I started shooting, I adjusted my exposures constantly to account for the fading light。 From what I observed， peak firefly presence happens for only about 20 minutes each

47、night, so I had time for just a few tries?！保ó斘议_始拍攝時，我不斷調(diào)整我的曝光以適應漸暗的光線。為了得到我想要的構圖,我把我的三腳架放在一個陡峭的，多巖石的道路上,必須在長時間的曝光中穩(wěn)定它.通常這沒什么大不了的，但螢火蟲們對相機很感興趣,延伸開來，對我也很感興趣。我一動不動地站著，他們爬在我身上-我的胳膊、頭發(fā)、臉。根據(jù)我的觀察，螢火蟲的峰值出現(xiàn)時間每晚只有20分鐘，所以我有時間只嘗試了幾次。）可知，前兩個晚上作者主要做的是挑選合適的地點和拍攝時間.故選D。11。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容,尤其是最后一段中的“I was rewarded with

48、the image you see here.可知，本篇文章的目的是向讀者介紹作者拍攝的照片背后的故事。故選B.4One spring， my aunt taught my sister, Lucy， and me how to fly the kite.After trying in vain to make the kite fly by dragging it along the ground， I turned to my sister for help。 Lucy very kindly took it up and tossed it into the air, but the k

49、ite fell down again due to my neglecting to run off at the same time. My aunt asked us to try again. Lucy once more took up the kite。 However, I， who was in too great a hurry, ran off so suddenly that I pulled the kite out of her hand and it fell down to the ground again。 “Who was to blame now?” ask

50、ed Lucy， dropping herself to the ground in anger。My aunt didnt say anything and demanded another attempt。 We did it with more care this time。 Unfortunately， a sudden side wind was coming, Lucy let go the kite， which was blown against some bushes， leaving the poor kite hanging with its head downward。

51、 My aunt came to our rescue and rolling up the tail from the tree, my aunt led us to find a more open space to try again。 Lucy tossed the kite up just as I ran off。 It rose up and danced unsteadily in the air for a few seconds and then down came the kite to the ground like a frustrated lonely boy.“A

52、 few disappointments ought not to discourage you. I have wound up your string and now try again” my aunt said patiently. And we did try and succeed。 The kite was carrying upward on the breeze like a merry feather。 Holding fast to the stick and gazing on the kite, Lucy and I stood in great delight an

53、d excitement。If my aunt hadnt persuaded us to try again， we would have given up flying the kite。 It was after this unforgettable experience that I began to appreciate the value of perseverance. Whenever I fail in my attempts to do any good thing， I let my motto be try again。12.How many times did Luc

54、y and I try flying the kite together?A.3。B.4。C.5.D.6.13.What does the underlined word “tossed” in the second paragraph mean?A.Passed。B。Threw.C。Kicked。D。Pushed.14。Which of the following is not mentioned in the text in terms of flying a kite successfully？A。The favorable weather。B.The spirit of never g

55、iving up。C.The more open space。D.The way of communication。15.Whats the authors main purpose of writing this article?A.To share his disappointing experience。B.To encourage people not to give up.C.To introduce his nice and patient aunt。D。To describe hardship in learning to fly the kite.【答案】12。C13.B14.

56、D15.B【分析】本文是記敘文。文章講述了作者和Lucy多次嘗試放飛風箏失敗，后來姑媽鼓勵她們堅持不放棄，最后放飛成功。作者從中體會到堅持的重要性。12.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“After trying in vain to make the kite fly by dragging it along the ground， I turned to my sister for help。 Lucy very kindly took it up and tossed it into the air， but the kite fell down again due to my neglecting to run off at th