劍十題干識(shí)讀詞匯及同義替換

1、劍十題干識(shí)讀詞匯及同義替換：Niki：壹時(shí)代Niki壹時(shí)代官網(wǎng)：ERA-111壹時(shí)代公眾Test1, Passage1:判斷題：1. Exles of ancient stepwells can be found all over the world.Ancient: adj.過(guò)去的，古代的 -he past, history, 過(guò)去時(shí)2. Stepwells had a range of functions, in addition to those related to water collection.A range of: 列舉3. The few existing stepwells

2、are more attractiven those found elsewhere.Existing: adj.現(xiàn)存的4. It took workers many years to build the stone steps characteristic of stepwells.Many years:許多年5. The number of steps above the water levels in a stepwell altered during the course of ayear.單句填空6. Which part of some stepwells provided sha

3、de for people?Shade: n.陰涼，色調(diào)，層次7. What type of serious climatic event, which took place in southern Rajasn, is mentionedhe article?Serious climatic event: 嚴(yán)重的氣候事件8. Who are frequent visitors to stepwells nowadays?Frequent visitor:高頻參觀者Nowadays:現(xiàn)在 -now, today, modern, at present, current；現(xiàn)在時(shí)Test1, pa

4、ssage2:標(biāo)題題：I. A fresh and important long-term goalFresh: adj.新的II. Charging for roads and improving other transport methodsCharge: v.-priceMethod: means, approach, technique, way, measureIII. Changes affecting the distangoods may be transportedIV. Taking all the steps nesary to change transport meth

5、odsV. The environmental costs of road transportVI. The escalating cost of rail transportEscalate: v.升級(jí)，上升 -increase, rise, raise, higher, grow, soar, surgeVII. The need to achieve transport rebalanceRebalance: n.再平衡VIII. The ragrowth of private transportIX. Plans to develop major road networksX. Res

6、tricting road use through charging policies aloneRestrict: v.限制 -limitXI. Transport trends in countries awaiting EU admisAdmis: n.加入判斷題：22. The need for transport is growing, despite technological developments.Despite: prep.盡管 -although (功能一樣，用法不一樣）23. To reduceproduction costs, some industries have

7、 been movedcloser to their relevantconsumers.24. Cars are prohibitively expensive in some EU candidate countries25. The Gothenburg European council was set up 30 years ago.26. By the end of this decade, CO2 emiss from transport arepredicted toreach739billion tonnes.Test1, passage3:單選題：27. The exle o

8、f the million-dollar quartet underlines the writers poaboutA. Recognizing talent.B. Working as a team.C. Having a shared objective.Share: v.Shared: adj.共同的（至少想到兩個(gè)事物）D. Being an effective leader.28. James Watson suggestst he and Francis Crick won the race to discover the DNA codebecause theyA. Were c

9、onscious of their own limiions.Conscious of:-recognize, know, realize, identify, understand知道，Limiion: 局限性 -difficulty, block, cannotB. Brought complementary skills to their partnership.Complementary: adj.補(bǔ)充的C. Were determined to outperform their brighter rivals.Outperform: v.戰(zhàn)勝D. Encouraged each ot

10、her to realize their joambitions29. The writer mentions competitions on breakfast cereal packets as an exle of how toA. Inspire creative thinking.B. Generate concise writing.Concise: adj.準(zhǔn)確的C. Promooyalty to a group.Loyalty: n.忠誠(chéng)D. Strengthen commitment to an idea.Commitment: n.忠誠(chéng) -loyalty30.he last

11、 paragraph, the writer suggestst it is important for employees toA. Be aware of their companys goals.Be aware of: 知道，-know, realize, recognize, understand, be conscious ofB. Feelt their contributions are valued.Value: v.重視 -appreteC. Have respect for their co-workers achievements.D. Understand why c

12、ertaanagement decis are made.接句子匹配題：31. Employees whose values match those of their employees are more likely toMatch: v.匹配 -compare32. At times of change, people tend to33. If people are aware of what they might lose, they will often34. People working under a dominants are liable toDominant: adj.霸權(quán)

13、的，的，主宰的Be liable to: be prone to, potential,sible35. Employees working inanizations with few rules are more likely toFew: 幾乎沒(méi)有判斷題：36. The physical surroundings in whichrson works play a key role in determining theircreativity.Physical surroundings: 周邊環(huán)境 -environment, condition37. Most people have th

14、e potential to be creative.Potential: n.潛力，潛能 -sibility38. Teams work best when their members are of equally matchedelligence.Equally matched: 不相上下的，相互搭配的39. It is easier for smaller companies to be innovative.Innovative: adj.創(chuàng)新的 -creative40. A managers approval of an idea is more persuasivent of a

15、colleague.Approval: n.贊同，通過(guò)Persuasive: adj.有說(shuō)服力的Test2, passage1:標(biāo)題題：I. The search for the reasons for an increase in populationII. Industrialization and the fear of unemploymentIII. The development of cities in JapanIV. The time and place of the Industrial RevolutionV. The cases of Holland, France a

16、nd ChinaVI. Changes in drinking habits in BritainChange: n.變化VII. Two keys to Britains industrial revolutionKey: reason, factor, causeVIII. Conditions required for industrializationCondition: n.條件，要求IX. Comparisons with Japan lead to the answerComparison: n.比較（至少要想到兩個(gè)事物）判斷題：8. Chinas transport syste

17、m was not suitable for industryhe 18th century.9. Tea and beer both helped to prevent dysentery in Britain.10. Roy Porter disagrees with Professor Macfarlanes findings.11. After 1740, there was a reduction in population in Britain.12. People in Britain used make beer at home.13. Te tax on malt indir

18、ectly caused a risehe death rate.Test2, passage2:：14. A reference to the influence of the domestic background on the gifted child.Domestic: adj. 家庭的 -home, family；國(guó)內(nèi)的-local, native, national15. Reference to what can be lost if learners are given too much guidance.Guidance: n.指導(dǎo) -instruction, trainin

19、g, support, coaching16. A reference to the damaging effects of anxiety.Damaging: adj.破壞的Anxiety: n.焦慮 （悲觀情緒 -distress, misery, panic, unease)17. Exles of classroom techniques which favour solly-disadvantaged children.Technique: means, method, approach, wayFavour: v.支持、傾向于Solly-disadvantaged:社交能力有所欠缺

20、的人名匹配：18. Less time can be spent on exercises with gifted pupils who produce accurate work.Less time:更少的時(shí)間Exercises:練習(xí) -practiceAccurate: adj.正確的，準(zhǔn)確的19. Self-reliance is a valuable toolt helps gifted students reach their goals.Self-reliance: n.獨(dú)立 -independenceValuable: adj.有價(jià)值的20. Gifted children kn

21、ow how to channel their feelings to assist their learning.Channel: 引導(dǎo)、開(kāi)導(dǎo)-pass, carry, convey, funnel, send, transmit, transport, deliver21. The very gifted child benefits from appropriate support from close relatives.Close relative:親人 -family, domestic, home22. Really sucsful students have learnt a

22、considerable amount about their subject.Considerable: adj.大量的Learnt a considerable amount - know a great dealSubject: a specific單句填空：23. One study found a strong connection betn childrens IQ and the availability of and at home.Availability: n.能夠得到24. Children of average ability seem to need more dir

23、ection from teachers because they donove .Average ability:中等資質(zhì)、平庸資質(zhì)Direction: n.指導(dǎo) -guidance, teaching, coaching, tra25. Metacognition involves children understanding their own learning strategies as well asdevelo.26. Teachers who rely on what is known as often produets of impressive grades inclass

24、tests.Known as: 引導(dǎo)專有名詞 -refer to as, describe as, see as, call, nameImpressive: adj.令人印象深刻的Impressive grades in class test:優(yōu)異的成績(jī)Test2, passage3:選擇式總結(jié)：People go to art museums because they accept the value of seeing an original work of art.But they do not go to museums to read original manuscripts of

25、 novels, perhaps because theavailability of novels has depended on for so long, and also because with novels, the are the most important thing.However, in historical times artistch as Leonardo were happy to instruct to producecopies of their work and these days new methods of reproduction allow exce

26、llent replicationof surface ref features as well as colour and .Instruct: 指導(dǎo)，叮囑，吩咐 -guide,l, askIt is regrettablet museums still promote the superiority of original works of art, since thismay not beheerests of the .Regrettable: adj.遺憾的Superiority: n.重要性 -significance, importance選擇題：32. The writer m

27、entions Londons National Gallery to illustrateA. The undesirable cost to a nation of maaining a huge collection of art.Undesirable: adj.令人不愉快的，不受歡迎的B. Thet may arise in society betn finanl and artistic values.C. The negative effect a museum can have on visitors opinions of themselves.D. The need to

28、put individual well-being above large-scale artistic schemes.33. The writer sayst today, viewers may be unwilling to criticise a work becauseCriticize: v.批評(píng)，A. They lack the knowledge needed to support an opinion.B. They fear it may have finanl implications.C. They have no real concept of the works

29、value.D. They fell theiral reaction is of no significance.al: 個(gè)人的Reaction: n.反應(yīng)，回應(yīng) -response, attitude, action；具體的行為或態(tài)度34. According to the writer, the displacement effect on the visitor is caused byA. The variety of works on display and the way they are arranged.Variety: n.多樣性（繁多）Arrange: v.安排B. Th

30、e imsibility of viewing particular works of art over a long period.C. The similar nature of the paings and the lack of great works.D. The inappropriate nature of the individual workected for exhibition.Inappropriate: adj.不合適的，不恰當(dāng)?shù)?5. The writer sayst unlike other forms of art, a paing does notA. Inv

31、olve direct contact win audience.Direct contact: 直接的接觸B. Require a specific location forrformance.Specific location: 具體的位置C. Need the involvement of othrofesals.Involvement: n.參與D. Have a specific beginning or end.Specific beginning or end: 具體的起始時(shí)間判斷題：36. Art history should focus on discovering the

32、meaning of art using a range of media.37. The approach of art historianss witht of art museums.with: 與.38. People should be encouraged to give their opinions openly on works of art.Openly: adv.公開(kāi)地39. Reproductions of fine art should only be sold to the public if they are of high quality.40.he future

33、, those wither are likely to encourage more people to enjoy art.Test3, passage1:標(biāo)題題：I. Economic and sol significance of tourismII. The development of mass tourismIII. Travel for the wealthyIV. Earning foreign exchange through tourismV. Difficulty in recognizing the economic effects of tourismVI. The

34、 contributions of air travel to tourismVII. The world impact of tourismVIII. The history of travel判斷題：5. The largest employment figureshe world are foundhe travel and tourism industry6. Tourism contributes over six percent of the Australian groational product.7. Tourism has a sol impact because it p

35、romotes recreation.Recreation: n.8. Two main features of the travel the tourism industry make its economicsignificancedifficult to ascertain.Ascertain: v.確定9. Visitor spending is always greatern spending of residentsourist areas.10. It is easy to show sistically how tourism affects individual econom

36、ies.Sistically: adv.數(shù)據(jù)地Individual economies: 單個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體單句填空：11. In Greece, tourism is the most important.12. The travel and tourism industry in Jamaica is the major.13. The problems assoted with measuringernational tourism are often reflectedhemeasurement of.Problem: n.問(wèn)題，-difficulty, obstacle, barrier,

37、blockTest3, passage2:：14. A description of the substance responsible for the red colouration of leaves.Substance: n.物質(zhì)15. The reason why trees drop their leaves in autumn.16. Some evidence to confirm a theory about the pure of the red leaves.Evidence: n.-proof17. An explanation of the function of ch

38、lorophyll.Function: n.功能18. A suggestiont the red colouration in leaves could serve as a warning signal.Warning signal: n.警告信號(hào)筆記完成：The most vividly coloured red leaves are found on the site of the tree facing the .Face: v.面對(duì)The surfaof leaves contahe most red pigment.Surface: n. 面Red leaves are most

39、 abundant when daytime weather conditions are and sunny.Abundant: adj.充足的 -sufficient, considerable, plenty ofTheensity of the red colour of leaves increases as you go further.ensity: n.強(qiáng)度Further: 進(jìn)一步，更，補(bǔ)充的 -more, additional判斷題：23. It is likelyt the red pigments help to protect the leaf from freezin

40、g temperatures.Protect.from.:.免受.的，表示否定Freezing: 冷的 -cold24. The light screen hypothesis would initially seem to contradict what is known aboutchlorophyll.Initially: adv.最初Contradict: v.相25. Leaves which turn colours othern red are more likely to be damaged by sunlight.Othern:除了單選題：For which of the

41、following questions does the writer offer an explanation?A. Why conifers remain green in wer.B. How leaves turn orange and yellow in autumn.C. How herbivorous insects choose which trees to lay their eggs in.D. Why anthocyanins are restricted to certarees.Restricted to: 局限于Test3, passage3:選擇式總結(jié)：A 300

42、0-year-old burial ground of a seafaring people called the Lapita has been found on anabandoned on the Pacific island of Efate. The cemetery, which is a significant , wasuncovered accidentally by an agricultural worker.Abandon: v.放棄Abandoned: adj.被遺棄的Significant: adj.重要的 -important, vital, essentialT

43、he Lapita explored and colonized many Pacific islands over several centuries. They tookmany things with them on their voyagers including and tools.The burial ground increases the amount of information about the Lapita available toscientists. A team of researchers, led by Matthew Spriggs from the Aus

44、tralian NationalUniversity, are helwith the excavation of the site. Spriggs beves the which wasfound at the site is very important since it confirmst the found inside are Lapita.Important: adj.重要的 -significant單選題：32. According to the writer, there are difficulties explaining how theLapitaplishedthei

45、r journeys becauseDifficulty: n.plish: v.完成Because: 表因果A. The canoesve been discovered offer relatively few clues.Few clue: 幾乎沒(méi)線索B. Archaeologists have shown limitederesthis area of research.Limitederest: 幾乎沒(méi)C. Little information relating to this period can be red upon for accuracy.Little informatio

46、n:幾乎沒(méi)信息Rely: v.依賴Accuracy: n.準(zhǔn)確性D. Technological advanhave altered the way such achievements are viewed.Alter: v.改變33. According to the sixth paragraph, what was extraordinary about the Lapita?Extraordinary: adj.出色的，與眾不同的A. They sailedthe powhere land was visible.: 超過(guò)Visible: adj.可視的B. Their cultura

47、l heritage discouraged the expresof fear.Discourage: v.挫敗，表示否定C. They were able to build canoest withstood ocean voyages.Withstand: v.抵御，抵抗D. Their navigational skills were passed on from one generation to the next.Pass on from one generation to the next:代代相傳34. What does this refer tohe seventh par

48、agraph?A. The Lapitas seafaring talent.B. The Lapitas ability to detect signs of land.Detect: v.偵測(cè)，C. The Lapitas extensive knowledge of the region.Extensive knowledge: 廣泛的知識(shí)D. The Lapitas bef they would be able to return home.Bef: n.觀念，觀點(diǎn)Return home: 回家35. According to the eighth paragraph, how was

49、 the geography of the region significant?A. It played an important role in Lapita culture.B. It meant there were relatively few storms at sea.Few storm: 幾乎沒(méi)有暴風(fēng)雨C. It provided a navigational aid for the Lapita.A navigational aid: 航行支持D. It made a large number of islands habitable.Habitable: adj.適宜居住的

50、判斷題：36. It is now cleart the Lapita could sailo a prevailing wind.Could: 表示推測(cè)，可能的Prevailing wind:盛行風(fēng)37. Extreme climate conditions may have played a role in Lapita migration.Extreme: adj.極其的，的，奇葩的38. The Lapita learnt to predict the duration of EI Ninos.Predict: v.-expect, estimate, forecast,ipate,

51、figure onDuration: n.持續(xù)時(shí)間39. It remains unclear why the Lapita halted their expanacross the Pacific.Unclear: adj.不清楚的Halt: v.n.停止，Expan: n.擴(kuò)張40. It is likelyt the majority of Lapita settle on Fiji.劍十 test4, passage1:筆記完成WildfiresCharacteristics of wildfires and wildfire conditions today compared to

52、the past.- Occurrence: more frequent- temperature: hotter- speed: faster- movement: 1 more unpredictablyUnpredictably:不可地，出乎意料地 =fluctuate grey- size of fires: 2 greater oagen two decades agoGreater:Two decades: 20 年reasons wildfires cause more damage today compared to the past.- Rainfall: averageAv

53、erage: 平均的，正常的，普通的Rainfall: precipiion- more brush to a A:作為- increase in yearly temperature- extended fireExtend：擴(kuò)張，延伸- more building ofin vulnerable plaBuilding:建筑物Vulnerable: 脆弱的，易受的判斷題：7. The amount of open space in California has diminished over the last ten years.Diminish:減少8. Many experts bev

54、e California has made little progress in readying itself to fight fires.Little:幾乎沒(méi)有，否定詞Readying itself:做好準(zhǔn)備9.nelhe pasve been criticized for mishandling fire contaent.10. California has replaced a range of firefighting tools.Replace:代替A range of:一系列的（列舉）Tool:工具11. More firefighters have been hired t

55、o improve fire-fighting capacity.12. Citizens andernment groups disapprove of the efforts of different ses and agenciesworking together.Citizen: residentsernment groups:ernment offilsDisapprove:不贊同Working together:合作13. Randy Jacobs bevest loss of life from fires will continue at the same levels.The

56、 same levels:同樣的水平劍十 test4, passage2:填空式總結(jié)：Psychologists have traditionally bevedtrsonality 14 was imsible andtby a 15,rsons character tends to be fixed.rsonality:rsons characterImsible: cannot注意：題干本身就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)同義替換Fixed: determinedThis is not true according toitive psychologists, who sayt oural qualities

57、 canbe seen as habitual behavior. One of the easiest qualities to acquire is 16.Easiest: easy 的Acquire: 獲得However, regardless of the quality, it is nesary to learn a wide variety of different 17in order for a new quality to develop; for exle,rson must understand and feel some18 in order to increase

58、their happiness.A wide variety of:廣泛的（列舉）Happiness: 開(kāi)心人名匹配題：19. People must acceptt they do not know much whentrying something new.20. It is important for people to actively notice when good things happen.Good things:好事情21. Courage can be learned once its origins in a sense of responsibility are und

59、erstood.Responsibility:責(zé)任22. It issible toe shyness when faced with the need to speak in public.A. ChristophetersonB. David FajgenbaumC. SuzangerstromD. Tanya StreeterE. Todd StreeterF. Kenneth PedeleoseG. Cynthia Pury段落信息匹配題：23. A mention of how rational thinking enabled someone to achieve physical

60、 goals.Rational thinking:理智的思考Physical goals: 身體上的目標(biāo)24. An account of how someone overcame a sad experience.Sad experience:痛苦的經(jīng)歷25. A description of how someone decided to rethink their academic careath.26. An exle of how someone risked his career out of a sense of duty.劍十 test4, passage3:單選題：27. Wh