初中英語語法

1、詞匯單詞1.介詞：in, on, under, behind, near, at, of.in表示”在中二”在內(nèi)”。例如:in our class在我們班上in my bag在我的書包里i n the desk在桌子里 i n the c I assroom在教室里. on表示在上。例如：on the wa I I在墻上 on the desk在桌子上on the b I ackboard 在黑板上. under表示“在下“。例如：under the tree 在樹下 under the cha i r 在木奇子下under the bed 在床下. behind表示“在后面”。例如：beh

2、i nd the door 在門后 beh i nd the tree 在樹后. near表示在附近。例如：near the teacher 1 s desk 在講桌附近near the bed 在床附近. at表示在處”。例如：at schoo I在學校 at home在家at the door 在門口. of表示的。例如：a p i cture of our c I assroom 我們教室的一幅畫a map of China 一張中國地圖2,冠詞 a / an / the:冠詞一般位于所限定的名詞前，用來著名名詞所指的人或事物。冠詞有不定冠詞和 定冠詞兩種。不定冠詞有兩個形式，即a和an

3、。a用在以輔音音素開頭的詞前，如 a book; an用在以元音音素開頭的字母前，如an apple.Can you he I p the ch i I dren Eng I i sh You may come our c I ub.T m I ook i ng some presents. These shops may have many k i ndsth i ngs sa I e. Save your money till then!How many cities are there Greece 一一I don5 t know.Look, the bi rds are the tre

4、e!When i s her b i rthday I can5 t remember- Is January.Mr. Green a I ways goes to work bus. He has to get up _ 6 o5 clock_ the morn i ng.Come on! 15 m hungry. What do we have d i nnerDon5 t eat and read n i ght. That i s bad your hea I th.Come and see yourse I f Wendy5 s store!We I i ve London. How

5、 about you Where do you come Sunday morn i ng, I usua I I y s I eep I ate home.Jack i s shorter than Sam, but Jack i s sitting Sam.Here i s a photo your fami ly.There aren5 t many peop I e the tra i n five o c I ock themorn i ng.VI.句型轉(zhuǎn)換練習Part 1 ：單復數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換。How much i s thatIs your uncIe beh i nd the armc

6、ha i rThey go to the park by bus.There are buses to Manchester every day.A kangaroo can jump 30 ki Iometers an hour.Here are some good newspapers.They can5 t wa I k.She doesn, t have an orange hat.10They are army off icers.Baby koa I a bears aren5 t very b i g but adu 11 po I ar bears are very stron

7、g.Part 2：將以下句子改為一般疑問句，并作肯定和否認兩種回答。I have a d i ct ionary.There are a lot of animals i n the zoo.He does h i s homework at n i ght.Dogs I i ve i n a I I parts of the worId.Greenf i eId i s a smaI I vi I I age i n England.Part 3：將以下句子改為否認句。There i s a very h i gh waterfaI I i n VenezueI a.Egypt has a

8、very Iong r i ver.She does her homework every day.I come to school by bus.She can swim very well.Part 4：對劃線局部提問。There i s one rad i o i n the I i v i ng room.The I i brary i s behind the police station.Baby koaI a bears are only 2 centimeters tall.They can jump and swim.You can check out threePeter

9、does his homework with Mary.Kangaroos live in AustraI i a.Vera and H i I I ary come from England.He s buying bananas at the store.They are secretari es. Part5 ：綜合句型練習：f r i end Tom usua I I y goes to see act i on mov i es on weekends.（就畫線局部1112提問）Tom has a red jacket and a blue sweater.(就畫線局部提問)Mom5

10、 s keys are in the drawer.(就畫線局部提問)The ye I low hat i s 10 dollars.(就畫線局部提問)My grandfather I i kes documentar i es.(改為否認句)My mother usua I I y goes to see act i on mov i es.(改為一般疑問句,并做否 定回答)Is it a red tomato (改為復數(shù)句)That i s my fami ly photo.(改為復數(shù)句)初一英語語法練習題I. be動詞(用be動詞的正確形式填空)Is ; ;are y isy am 10

11、. Are ; m用a , an, the或者填空1./ ,the 4./ ,a , an v an 10./ 11./12./13./ /IV.寫出以下名詞的復數(shù)形式1) Cemeteries 2) teeth 3) countries4) months5) sandwiches 6) brushes?)candy bars 8) kangaroos 9)men 10) days 11)watches12) photosl3)oranges 14)dictionar ies15) tomatoes 16) dolIars17) peaches18) strawberries 19)churc

12、hes20) chiIdrenV.用動詞的正確形式填空, is, , speaks; , I ikes,to Iive ; t think _has_playing , are pI ay i ng_, am playing ,is; , comes;12Does tgo, washes;14speaks, speak;t, pl ay_watches;, do; t need_,does has20. am I ook i ng13III.選擇正確的介詞填空1. in, at 2. inv to 3. at, with, on 4. in 5. in 6. in 7. by, at, in,

13、 8. for 9. at, for 10. by, at 11. in, from 12. On, at 13. behind 14. in 15. , on, at, inVI.句型轉(zhuǎn)換練習Part 1 ：單復數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換。much are theseyour uncles behind the armchai rgoes to the park by bus. is a bus to Manchester every day.kangaroos can jump 30 kilometers an hour.is a piece of newspaper, can t walk.don t ha

14、ve an orange hat. is an army officer.koala bear isn t very big but adult polar bear is very strong.Part 2：將以下句子改為一般疑問句，并作肯定和否認兩種回答。you have a dictionary Yes, I have. No, I don thave.there a lot of animals in the zoo Yes, there are . No, there aren, t.3. Do they go to the park by busYes, they do. No,

15、 they don t .he do his homework at night Yes, he does. No, he does n t.Dogs I i ve in al I parts of the world Yes , they do. No , they don t.7. Is Greenfield a smal I vi I I age in England Yes, it is. No, it isn t. Part 3：將以下句子改為否認句。isn1 t a very high waterfal I in Venezuela.2.Egypt doesn, t have a

16、very long river.doesn, t do her homework every day.don t come to schooI by bus.can t swim very well.Part 4：對劃線局部提問。much radios in the living room is the Iibrary14long are Baby koala bearscan they docan I check outdoes Peter do with Marydo Kangaros Iive do Vera and Hi Ilary come fromis he doing at th

17、e store are theyPart5：綜合句型練習：does your friend Tom usually go to see action moviesdoes Tom have.are Mom, s keysmuch i s the ye I low hatgrandfather doesn, t I ike documentaries.your mother usually go to see action moviesthey red tomatoes.are our family photos.15 a或an與可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用，泛指某類人或某物中的一個。This i s a

18、cat.這是一只貓。Its an Engl i sh book.這是一本英語書。H i s father i s a worker.他的爸爸是個工人。the既可以用在可數(shù)名詞前，也可以用在不可數(shù)名詞前，表示某個或某些特定的 人或事物，也可以指上文提到過的人或事物。Who* s the boy i n the hat戴帽子的男孩是誰呀What can you see i n the cI assroomI can see a bag. Wheres the bagIts on the desk.你能在教室里看到什么呀我能看見一個書包。書包在哪呀在桌子上。和any在肯定句中用some.例如：The

19、re are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些書。Lucy has some good books 露西有一些好書。在疑問句和否認句中用any。例如：I s there any i nk i n your pen你的鋼筆里有墨水嗎Do you have any brothers and s i sters 你有兄弟姐妹嗎There isnt any water i n the g I ass ,杯子里沒有水。記住它們的特殊用法。some亦可用于表示盼望得到對方肯定的答復或表示建議、委婉請求的疑問句 中，這一點我們不久就會學到。例如：Wou I d you I i ke

20、 to have some app I es 你想吃蘋果嗎any也可用于肯定句中，表示“任何的。例如：Any one of us can do this.我們當中任何一個都能做這個。some和any的用法是經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的考點，希望大家能準確地掌握它們的用法。family看作為一個整體時，意思是“家庭，后面的謂語動詞be用單數(shù)形式is ； 如把fami ly看作為家庭成員時，應(yīng)理解為復數(shù)，后面的謂語動詞be應(yīng)用are。 My fami ly is a big fami ly.我的家庭是個大家庭。My fami ly are a I I at home now.我的家人現(xiàn)在都在家。Family強調(diào)由家

21、人組成的一個集體或強調(diào)這個集體中的成員。home指個人出生、 被撫養(yǎng)長大的環(huán)境和居住地點。house指家、房屋，側(cè)重居住的建筑本身。 H i s fami I y are a I I workers.他的家人都是工人。My home is in Bei j ing.我的家在北京。He isnt at home now,他現(xiàn)在不在家。Its a picture of my fami ly.這是一張我全家的照片。5. little的用法a I i tt Ie dog 一只小狗，a I i tt Ie boy 一個小男孩。little常用來修飾有生 命的名詞。*但little還可表示否認意義，意為少

22、的，加不可數(shù)名詞。There i s I i tt I e time.幾乎沒時間了。There i s I i tt I e water i n the cup. 杯中水很少。詞組on the desk 在桌子上behindthe cha i r 在椅1 子后underthe cha i r在椅子下面in her penci I-box在她的鉛筆盒中near the door在門附近a p i cture of a c I assroom 一個教室的圖片I ook at the p i cture 看這張圖片the teacher s desk 講桌a map of Ch i na 一張中國地

23、圖fami I y tree 家譜have a seat坐下，就坐th i s way這邊走日常用語Come and meet my fami Iy.Go and see. I thi nk its Li Le i.GI ad to meet you.What can you see in the pictureI can see a cIock / some books.Can you see an orangeYes, I can. / No, I cant.Where* s Shenzhen Its near Hong Kong.Let me see. (口語)讓我想想看。 see在這是

24、“明白、懂了，不可譯作看見。例如：PI ease have a seat.seat表示座位,是個名詞。have a seat表示就坐,也可以說take a seat, 和sit down的意思相同。三.語法.名詞所有格名詞如要表示與后面名詞的所有關(guān)系，通常用名詞所有格的形式，意為的。 一般有以下幾種形式：.一般情況下在詞尾加飛。例如：Kates father Kate 的爸爸my mother 1 s f r i end我媽媽的朋友.如果復數(shù)名詞以s結(jié)尾,只加o例如：Teachers Day 教師節(jié)The boys game男孩們的游戲.如果復數(shù)名詞不以s結(jié)尾,仍加飛。例如：Chi Idren

25、s Day 兒童節(jié)Women1 s Day 婦女節(jié).表示兩個或幾個共有時，所有格應(yīng)加在后一個名詞上。例如：Lucy and Li Iy* s room Lucy 和 Li ly 的房間Kate and Jims father Kate 和 Jim 的爸爸動物和無生命事物的名詞的所有格一般不在詞尾加s,而常常用介詞of的短 語來表示Oa map of Ch i na 一幅中國地圖the name of her cat她的貓的名字a picture of my fami ly我的家庭的一張照片the door of the bedroom 臥室的門.祈使句祈使句主要用來表示說話人的請求 命令、建議

26、、叮囑等意圖。祈使句一般不用 主語，讀時用降調(diào)。為使語氣委婉 禮貌，常在句首或句尾加please。在句尾 時，please前多用逗號。祈使句肯定形式的謂語動詞一律用動詞原形。Go and see.去看看。Come i n, p I ease.請進。.祈使句的否認形式常用dont于句首。Dont Iook at your books.不要看書。Dontp I ay on the road.不要在馬路上玩。. There be的句子結(jié)構(gòu)There be是一個“存在”句型，表示有的意思，肯定句的形式為：There be +名詞（單數(shù)或復數(shù)）+地點狀語或時間狀語。be動詞單復數(shù)確實定，看be后邊第一個

27、名詞，當所接主語為單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞 時，be動詞形式為is；當所接主語為復數(shù)名詞時，be動詞為are；當be動詞后 接兩個以上主語時，be動詞與最臨近主語保持數(shù)上的一致。意思為某地有某人或 某物。如：There i s an eraser and two pens on the desk.桌子上有一塊橡皮和兩支鋼 筆。There are two pens and an eraser on the desk,桌上有兩支鋼筆和一塊橡皮。there be的否認句，即在be的后面加上not。 否認形式為：There be + not + (any) +名詞+地點狀語。 There i s not an

28、y cat i n the room. 房間里沒貓。 There arent any books on the desk.桌子上沒書。there be句型的疑問句就是將be提到句首：Be there + (any) +名詞+地 點狀語肯定回答：Yes, there i s / are.否認回答：No, there i sn* t / arent. 1 s there a dog i n the p i cture 畫上有一只狗嗎 Yes, there i s.有。Are there any boats i n the r i ver 河里有船嗎No, there arent. 沒有。(3)特殊

29、疑問句：How many . . . are there (+地點狀語)某地有多少人或物 回答用 There be .Theres one. / There are two / three / some .有時直接就用數(shù)字來回答。One. / Two .How many students are there i n the c I assroom 教室里有多少學生There* s on I y one. / There are n i ne. 只有一個。/有九個。(4)如果名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，用：How much +不可數(shù)名詞+ is there +地點 狀語How much water i s

30、 there i n the cup 杯中有多少水How much food i s there i n the bowl 碗里有多少食物英語語法練習題I. be動詞(用be動詞的正確形式填空)your grandmother th i n or chubby (胖乎乎的)Where your book on snakesWhere my penc i I case and my notebookThere n i ne peop I e i n my fami ly.How much the exerc i se book and the magaz i neThat n i netydo

31、I I ars.Ben a middle schoo I student, and h i s parents arch i tects.Scott I ikes action movies best. H i s favor i te actors Jack i e Chanand Jet L i.一 What co I or your shoes - BI ack.一一 Hei Io. My name Jack. Thi s i s my fr iend. Hi s name Tom.- N i ce to meet you. I R i ck.you still a I i brar i

32、 an No, I an accountant now.11.用a , an, the或者填空There i s water on the f I oor.There i s orange on desk.What do you know about pandasI want to have ch icken for d i nner.There i s f i sh i n the bow. Look! It can swim very fast.There i s m i n climb and there i s U i n country.I don5 t I i ke broccol

33、 i but I I i ke app I es.My brother i s engi neer, and my s i ster i s execut i ve now.I don5 t I i ke mov i e. It5 s bor i ng.10)Jenny5 s b i rthday i s Nov. 12th.11)-Let5 s go and p I ay chess.一一Sorry, 15 m af ra i d I can5 t. It5 s time for me to p I ay p i ano.12) He usua I I y has h i s breakfa

34、st at 7:00am and goes to schoo Iat 7:30.IV.寫出以下名詞的復數(shù)形式1) Cemetery3) country5) sandwich7) candy bar9) man11) watch13) orange15) tomato17) peach1) Cemetery3) country5) sandwich7) candy bar9) man11) watch13) orange15) tomato17) peach2) tooth 4) month6) brush 8) kangaroo 10) day 12) photo 14)d i ct i on

35、ary 16) dollar strawberry 19) church 20) ch i I d V.用動詞的正確形式填空You from India. Br ian from Korea. And I from China.(be)I Ch i nese and Engl i sh. Br i an German, Ch i nese and Engl i sh.(speak)George from Italy but he spaghett i very much. . (come,I i ke)Penguins in Antarctica. It5 s cold, so no peopIe want there. (I i ve)The mov i e i s very scary. I i t i s a good mov i e for k i ds. (think)一一 Can I