高中英語(yǔ)連詞講解教案,高中英語(yǔ)連詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1、連 詞 定義：連詞是一種虛詞， 它不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任句子成分而只起連接詞與詞，短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)以及句與句的作用。分類：根據(jù)在句中所起的作用，連詞主要可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩類。并列連詞：連接具有并列關(guān)系的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子的連詞叫作并列連詞。 根據(jù)意義，它又可分為表示聯(lián)合、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇和因果等四種關(guān)系的連詞。一、表示聯(lián)合關(guān)系的并列連詞表示聯(lián)合關(guān)系的并列連詞有：and, bothand, neithernor, not onlybut also, as well as(除外也)等。eg: I am a teacher and he is a doctor.He has both experience and k

2、nowledge.Neither I nor he has seen the film.He has experience as well as knowledge.He has not only experience but also knowledge.二、表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞有but, while(然而), yet(可是), however(然而，但是)，nevertheless(然而，不過)等。eg: I am sorry, but I wont be able to come tonight. I am willing, yet unable. 我心有余而力

3、不足。He is short, while his younger brother is tall.He worked hard. However, he failed. 他很努力，然而還是失敗了（however可置于句首、句中或句末）另外：副詞still也能表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系The pain was bad, still he did not complain.雖然疼得厲害，可是他沒有呻吟。三、表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞 表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞有or(或), or else(否則), eitheror(或或，不是就是)。eg: John or I am to blame(責(zé)備).Seize the c

4、hance, or else you will regret it. (or else常置于祈使句后面)You can either stay at home or go fishing.另外：副詞otherwise, rather than也能表示選擇關(guān)系Seize the chance, otherwise you will regret it.He went rather than stay as an unwelcome guest.四、表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞有so, for等。eg: It was late, so I went home. It is morn

5、ing, for the birds are singing.另外：副詞then(那么，因而), thus(因此), therefore(因此，所以)常放在句首表示因果關(guān)系。 He was busy, therefore he could not come. He studied hard, thus he got a full mark.從屬連詞：用來連接主句和從句的連詞叫從屬連詞。從屬連詞可分為引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的從屬連詞和引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞兩類。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的從屬連詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的從屬連詞有連接詞that, whether和if,這些連接詞在句子當(dāng)中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分；連接代詞主要有

6、who, whom, whose, which, what等，它們?cè)诰渲锌勺髦髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等；連接副詞主要有when, where, why, how等，它們?cè)诰渲凶鳡钫Z(yǔ)。Who will attend the meeting hasnt decided yet.We know (that) the earth goes around the sun.I wonder if he has received my e-mail.That is why he didnt come to school.The news that our team had won was very exciting

7、.引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞一、引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞 when, while, as, after, before, since, till/untill, once, as soon as, the moment/instant, no sooner.than., hardly. when.等eg: Once you begin, you must go on. When it rains. I go to school by bus. Hardly had we finished the work when it began to rain.二、引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞 where,

8、wherever等eg: Where there is a will, there is a way. Wherever she may be, she will be happy.三、引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞 as, since, because等eg: He didnt go to school because he was ill.Since everybody is here, lets begin.四、引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞so.that/such.that(如此.以致), so(結(jié)果)，that(以致), so that(結(jié)果) 等eg: He is such good st

9、udent that we all like him.It was very cold, so that the water in the bowl froze. 五、引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞 if, unless, so/as long as, in case(如果，萬一) 等eg: He will not come unless he is invited.You will be late for the class if you dont hurry.六、引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞so(以便), so that(為了), in order that(為了), less、in case(

10、以防，免得) 等eg: She took medicine on time in order that she might get well soon.七、引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞though/although, as(雖然), even if/even though(即使), however, whatever, whoever, no matter how/what/which 等eg: Old as he is, he still works hard.Though he is old, he still works hard.Even if you were here yesterd

11、ay, you couldnt help him.八、引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞as(正如), as if/as though(好像，似乎) 等eg: The man carried the box away as he was told.He speaks English as if he were an Englishman.九、引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞as(如), as.as. , not so/as.as. ,than等eg: He works harder than before. His elder brother is as tall as his mother.并列連詞與并列

12、結(jié)構(gòu) 一、and 判斷改錯(cuò)： (錯(cuò)) They sat down and talk about something. (錯(cuò)) They started to dance and sang. (錯(cuò)) I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there. (對(duì)) They sat down and talked about something. (對(duì)) They started to dance and sing. (對(duì))I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.解析： 第一句： and 連接兩個(gè)并

13、列的謂語(yǔ)，所以 talk 應(yīng)改為 talked。 第二句：and 連接兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞不定式，第二個(gè)不定式往往省略to，因此sang 應(yīng)改為 sing。 第三句：and 連接感觀動(dòng)詞saw 后面的用作的賓補(bǔ)的兩個(gè)并列分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，因此whisper應(yīng)改為whispering。注意：and 還可以和祈使句或名詞詞組連用表示條件。（or也有此用法） Make up your mind, and youll get the chance. = If you make up your mind, youll get the chance. One more effort, and youll succeed

14、. = If you make one more effort, youll succeed.二、比較and和or 1) 并列結(jié)構(gòu)中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。2) 但有時(shí)and 也可用于否定句。請(qǐng)注意其不同特點(diǎn)： There is no air or water in the moon. There is no air and no water on the moon. 在否定中并列結(jié)構(gòu)用or 連接，但含有兩個(gè)否定詞的句子實(shí)際被看作是肯定結(jié)構(gòu)，因此要用and。典型例題-I dont like chicken _ fish.-I dont like chicken, _ I lik

15、e fish very much.A. and； and B. and； butC. or； butD. or；and答案C。否定句中表并列用or, but 表轉(zhuǎn)折。判斷改錯(cuò)：(錯(cuò)) We will die without air and water.(錯(cuò)) We cant live without air or water.(對(duì)) We will die without air or water.(對(duì)) We cant live without air and water.三、表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ?but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，while表示對(duì)比Some people love cats, while othe

16、rs hate them.典型例題- Would you like to come to dinner tonight?- Id like to, _ Im too busy.A. and B. so C. as D. but答案D。but與前面形成轉(zhuǎn)折，符合語(yǔ)意。而表并列的and， 結(jié)果的so，原因的as都不符合句意。注意： although不與 but連用，但可以與yet、still連用。 (錯(cuò)) Although he was weak, but he tried his best to do the work. wowork. (對(duì)) Although he was weak, yet

17、/still he tried his best to do the ddo the work.附錄資料：高中英語(yǔ)代 詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)教案定義: 為了避免重復(fù)而用來代替名詞的詞。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。英語(yǔ)中的代詞，按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、自(反)身代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、關(guān)系代詞和不定代詞八種。一、人稱代詞是表示我、你、他、她、它、我們、你們、他們的詞。人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化，見下表： 數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 格 主格 賓格 主格 賓格 第一人稱 Ime weus 第二人稱 youyou youyou he him they them 第三人稱 sh

18、eher they them it it they them 如：He is my friend.他是我的朋友。It is me.是我。人稱代詞的用法:人稱代詞主格在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓格在句中作賓語(yǔ)。如: They are playing football on the playground.Our teacher told us an interesting story.說明：在復(fù)合句中，如果主句和從句主語(yǔ)相同，代詞主語(yǔ)要用在從句中，名詞主語(yǔ)用在主句中，例如：When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.約翰一到就直接去銀行了。說話人出于感情用h

19、e/she來代替國(guó)家、船只、動(dòng)物等。(擬人)如: China is no longer what she used to be.She is a fine ship.Be careful of that dog. He sometimes bites.3、 we/you/they有時(shí)用來代替一般的人如: They say that Mr. Brown is very rich.據(jù)說布郎先生很有錢。You/We should keep quiet in the library.在圖書館應(yīng)保持安靜。4、人稱代詞it的特殊用法代替小孩和嬰兒如: Look at that poor little ch

20、ild. It has just fallen down.作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)如: It is necessary to buy that dictionary. I consider it important to ask him for advice.打電話時(shí)用于指人如: Hello. It is Mary.用作主語(yǔ)指時(shí)間、距離、天氣等如: It is five oclock. It is fine today.用在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中如: It is Mary who helped you yesterday.It is a dictionary that I received yesterday

21、.人稱代詞的排列順序 1) 單數(shù)人稱代詞并列作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其順序?yàn)椋?第二人稱 第三人稱 第一人稱you he/she;it - I You, he and I should return on time. 2) 復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其順序?yàn)椋?第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱weyou They注意： 在下列情況中，第一人稱放在前面。a. 在承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤，承擔(dān)責(zé)任時(shí)， 如：It was I and John that made her angry. 是我和約翰惹她生氣了。b. 在長(zhǎng)輩對(duì)晚輩，長(zhǎng)官對(duì)下屬說話時(shí)，如長(zhǎng)官為第一人稱， 如：I an 如：I and you try to finish it.

22、c. 并列主語(yǔ)只有第一人稱和第三人稱時(shí)， d. 當(dāng)其他人稱代詞或名詞被定語(yǔ)從句修飾時(shí)。二、物主代詞表示所有關(guān)系的代詞，也可叫做代詞所有格。物主代詞分形容性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞二種，其人物和數(shù)的變化見下表：數(shù)單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 人稱 第一第二第三 第一第二 第三人稱 人稱人稱 人稱人稱 人稱 形容詞性物主代詞myyourhis/her/its our your their/its名 詞 性 物主代詞mine yours his/hers/its ours yours theirs/its如： I like his car.我喜歡他的小汽車。Our school is here，and theirs

23、is there. 我們的學(xué)校在這兒，他們的在那兒。 說明：名詞性物主代詞 = 形容詞性物主代詞 + 名詞 如：The watch is mine(= my watch).三、 指示代詞表示那個(gè)、這個(gè)、這些、那些等指示概念的代詞。指示代詞有this，that，these，those等。如： That is a good idea.那是個(gè)好主意。this，these表示在時(shí)間上或空間上較近的人或物，that, those 表示在時(shí)間上或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的人或物。如： This is my desk and that is yours.They are busy preparing for the En

24、glish test these days.In those days they couldnt go to school.this常指后面要講的事物，有啟下的作用；that則指前面講到過的事物，有承上的作用。如： I want to tell you this: the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon. He hurt his leg yesterday. That is why he didnt come.為了避免重復(fù)，常用that或those代替前面已提到過的名詞，其后通常接of短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)。如： The weather o

25、f Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing. The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.說明1： 指示代詞this/that在作主語(yǔ)時(shí)可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分時(shí)只能指物，不能指人，例如：(對(duì))That is my teacher.那是我的老師。（ that作主語(yǔ)，指人） (對(duì))He is going to marry this girl.他要和這個(gè)姑娘結(jié)婚。 （this作限定詞） （this作限定詞）(錯(cuò))He is going to marry this.（this作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不能指人）(

26、對(duì))I bought this.我買這個(gè)。 (this指物，可作賓語(yǔ))說明2： That和those可作定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，但this和 these不能，同時(shí)，在作先行詞時(shí)，只有those可指人，試比較：(對(duì)) He admired that which looked beautiful.他贊賞外表漂亮的東西。(對(duì)) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人）(錯(cuò)) He admired that who danced well.（that作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不能指人）(對(duì)) He admired those who danced

27、 well.他贊賞跳舞好的人。（those指人）(對(duì)) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的東西。（those指物）四、 表示 我自己、你自己、他自己、我們自己、你們自己和他們自己等的代詞，叫做自身代詞，也稱為反身代詞。如： She was talking to herself. 她自言自語(yǔ)。 反身代詞的用法:反身代詞可以在句中作賓語(yǔ)，含有“自己”的意思，但在漢語(yǔ)中有時(shí)不一定要把“自己”譯出來。如： He can look after himself.他能照顧他自己。They enjoyed themselves at Disn

28、eyland.他們?cè)诘纤鼓針穲@玩得很開心。反身代詞可以在句中作同位語(yǔ)，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，置于名詞、代詞的后面或句末，表示“自己”、 “親自”的意思。如： I myself did all the work. She opened the door herself.反身代詞還可以構(gòu)成某些慣用語(yǔ)如： (all) by oneself 獨(dú)自地；一人地of oneself 自動(dòng)地，自然而然地五、 表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫相互代詞，有each other(指兩者之間) 和one another(指三者或三者以上之間)兩組，但在運(yùn)用中，這兩組詞沒什么區(qū)別。如： They love each other.他們彼此相愛

29、。 The three men distrusted one another.這三個(gè)人互不信任。六、 疑問代詞有who，whom，whose，what和which等。在句子中用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句。疑問代詞都可用作連接代詞，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句）如： Tell me who he is. 告訴我他是誰(shuí)。 1） 用來構(gòu)成疑問句。指人： who, whom, whose指物： what既可指人又可指物： which2） which 和 what 所指的范圍不同：what所指的范圍是無限 的，的，而which則指在一定的范圍內(nèi)，例如： eg:Which teachers do y

30、ou like best? 你喜歡哪幾個(gè)老師？ eg: What teachers do you like best? 你喜歡什么樣的老師？3） what一般用來指物，指人時(shí)通常用來詢問職業(yè)或身份；而 who多用來詢問姓名或血緣關(guān)系等。 eg: -What is he? -He is a lawyer. -Who is he? -He is Tom/my father.七、 關(guān)系代詞有who，whom，whose，that，which，as等，可用作引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。它們代表主句中為定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的那個(gè)名詞或代詞（通稱為先行詞）。如： He is the man whom you have

31、 been looking for. 他就是你要找的那個(gè)人。八、 沒有明確指定代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的詞叫做不定代詞,常用的不定代詞如下: all, any, another, both, each, every, either, every, few, little, many, much, no, none, neither, one, other, some以及由 some, any, no, every 和 body, one, thing 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞。some和any的用法一般用法some, any（一些）可與復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞連用。some一般用于肯定句，any一般用于否

32、定句、疑問句或條件句中。He has some Chinese paintings.Some like sports, others like music.Ask me if you have any questions.Do you have any questions to ask me?I dont know any of the students.特殊用法some用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示某一You will be sorry for this some day.總有一天，你會(huì)后悔這件事的。some用在表示請(qǐng)求或邀請(qǐng)的問句中，表示期望對(duì)方作出肯定回答，如：Would you like s

33、ome bananas?Could you lend me some money?any用于肯定句表示任何的意思You may take any of them.Any child can do that.some, any在句中還可作狀語(yǔ)，此時(shí)它們?yōu)楦痹~。some意為大約，相當(dāng)于“about”，而any則表示程度，意為稍微、絲毫。There are some 3,000 workers working in the factory.Do you feel any better today?2、many, much many，much都意為許多， many + 可數(shù)名詞，much + 不 可數(shù)

34、名詞可數(shù)名詞。 How many people are there at the meeting? How much time has we left? Many of the workers were at the meeting. Much of the time was spent on learning. 3、few, little, a few, a little (a) few + 可數(shù)名詞, (a) little + 不可數(shù)名詞a few / a little 為肯定含義，還有一點(diǎn)few / little為否定含義，沒有多少了。He has a few friends.他有幾個(gè)朋友。He has few friends. 他幾乎沒有朋友。We still have a little time. 我們還有點(diǎn)時(shí)間。There is little time left.幾乎沒剩下什么時(shí)間了。典型例題:Although he s wealthy，he spen