高中英語主謂一致講解教案,高中英語主謂一致知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1、主 謂 一 致 定義：主謂一致是指主語和謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要一致。1） 語法一致原則，即主語語法形式上的單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)形式要一致。The girl has found her mother.2） 意義一致原則，即主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。致。Three years in a strange land seems like a long time.3） 就(靠)近原則，即謂語動詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語，一般一般來說，不可數(shù)名詞用動詞單數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用動詞復(fù)數(shù)。例如：There is one desk and two chairs in the room.

2、There are two chairs and one desk in the room. There is much water in the thermos.但當(dāng) 但當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.一 并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時謂語用復(fù)數(shù) Reading and writing are very important.注意： 當(dāng)主語由and連結(jié)時，如果它表示一個單一的概念，即指同一人或同一物時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，and 此時連接的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞。 The iron an

3、d steel industry is very important to our life. 典型例題 The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. isB. was C. are D. were答案B. 注： 先從時態(tài)上考慮。這是過去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用過去時，先排除A.，C.。本題易誤選D，因?yàn)門he League secretary and monitor 好象是兩個人，但仔細(xì)辨別， monitor 前沒有the，在英語中，當(dāng)一人兼數(shù)職時只在第一個職務(wù)前加定冠詞。后面的職務(wù)用and 相

4、連。這樣本題主語為一個人，所以應(yīng)選B。二 主謂一致中的就(靠)近原則 1）當(dāng)there be 句型的主語是一系列事物時，謂語應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語保持一致。There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students inin the class.2）當(dāng)either or, neither nor與not only but also連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。 如果句子是由here, there引導(dǎo)，而主語又不止一

5、個時，謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。 Either you or she is to go. Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.三 謂語動詞與前面的主語一致 當(dāng)主語后面跟有with, together with, as well as, like, except, but, no less than 等詞引起的短語時，謂語動詞與前面的主語一致。 The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to

6、go boating.四 與后接名詞或代詞保持一致 1）用half of, part of, a portion of, most of 等詞引起主語時，動詞通常與of后面的名詞，代詞保持一致。 Most of his money is spent on books. Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.2）由more than of 作主語時，動詞通常與of后面的名詞，代詞保持一致。 More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百 百分之六十多的學(xué)生

7、都來自這個城市。五 謂語需用單數(shù) 1） 代詞each、either、neither和由every, some, no, any等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語，或主語中含有each, every, 謂語需用單數(shù)。 Each of us has a tape-recorder. Either of the stories is interesting. Neither of them is interested in maths. There is something wrong with my watch. Nobody wants to go there.2）在一些短語，如 many a 或 more

8、 than one 所修飾的詞作主語時，謂語動詞多用單數(shù)形式。Many a person has read the novel.許多人都讀過這本書。3） 當(dāng)主語是一本書或一條格言時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。 The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 是英語愛好者熟悉的一本好書。4） 表示金錢，時間，價格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語時，通常把這些名詞看作一個整體，謂語一般用單數(shù)。 Three hours is enough for us to finish the experiment. Ten dollars is too cheap

9、 for this pair of shoes.六 謂語需用復(fù)數(shù) “the + 形容詞/-ed分詞”這一表示一類人的結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The injured have been taken to hospital.The young are required to respect the old.這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示物時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。The good in him outweights the bad. 七 指代意義決定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù) 1） 在代詞what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。 A

10、ll is right. (一切順利。) All are present.(所有人都到齊了。)2） 集體名詞作主語時，謂語的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語的意思來決定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等詞后用復(fù)數(shù)形式時，意為這個集體中的各個成員，用單數(shù)時表示這個集體。 His family isnt very large.他家不是一個大家庭。 His family are music lovers.他的家人都是音樂愛好者。 但集合名詞people, police, cattle等在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Are there any

11、 police around?八 有些名詞如number有時看作單數(shù)，有時看作復(fù)數(shù) A number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + 復(fù)數(shù)動詞。 The number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + 單數(shù)動詞。 A number of books have lent out. The number of this school is 3,000九 “one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + who/that/which分句”結(jié)構(gòu)中的主謂一致問題 在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞who/that/which的先行詞是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞而不是one，因此分句中的動詞應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：This is one of the most i

12、nteresting questions that have been asked. 這是所有提出的最有趣的問題之一。只有當(dāng)one之前有the或the only等修飾語時，關(guān)系代詞的先行詞才是one, 而非靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，因而分句中的動詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式。例如：Sarah was the only one of the youngest girls who plays in the band. 莎拉是樂隊(duì)中唯一一位最年輕的姑娘。十 what-分句作主語的主謂一致問題 在大多數(shù)情況下，由what引導(dǎo)的名詞性分句作主語時，其后的謂語動詞(多數(shù)是be的某種形式)，應(yīng)該按語法一致原則，采取單數(shù)形式。例

13、如：What is needed is act. 需要的是行動。 然而，在下列情況下，以what-分句為主語的謂語動詞也可以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。在以what-分句為主語時，主句的系表結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果表語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞也可以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：What they want are promises.他們需要的是諾言。當(dāng)what-分句中的謂語動詞和表語均為復(fù)數(shù)形式時，主句的謂語動詞也可以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：What appear to be large windows in the second story are glass heat collector.在二樓看上去像大窗戶的東西是玻璃聚熱器。當(dāng)what-分

14、句是個帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時，主句的謂語動詞也可以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：What I say and think are no business of yours.(= What I say isand what I think is)我所說、所想的與你不相干。其它名詞性分句如that-分句以及某些非限定分句作主語時，其謂語動詞采用單數(shù)形式。例如：That they were wrong in this matter is now clear to us all. 他們在這個問題上是錯的，這一點(diǎn)我們現(xiàn)在都清楚了。To talk to him in English is my greatest p

15、leasure.與他用英文交談是我最大的樂趣。Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火是危險(xiǎn)的。附錄資料：高中英語代 詞知識點(diǎn)教案定義: 為了避免重復(fù)而用來代替名詞的詞。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。英語中的代詞，按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、自(反)身代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、關(guān)系代詞和不定代詞八種。一、人稱代詞是表示我、你、他、她、它、我們、你們、他們的詞。人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化，見下表： 數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 格 主格 賓格 主格 賓格 第一人稱 Ime weus 第二人稱 youyou youyou he him they

16、 them 第三人稱 sheher they them it it they them 如：He is my friend.他是我的朋友。It is me.是我。人稱代詞的用法:人稱代詞主格在句中作主語、賓格在句中作賓語。如: They are playing football on the playground.Our teacher told us an interesting story.說明：在復(fù)合句中，如果主句和從句主語相同，代詞主語要用在從句中，名詞主語用在主句中，例如：When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.約翰一到就直接去

17、銀行了。說話人出于感情用he/she來代替國家、船只、動物等。(擬人)如: China is no longer what she used to be.She is a fine ship.Be careful of that dog. He sometimes bites.3、 we/you/they有時用來代替一般的人如: They say that Mr. Brown is very rich.據(jù)說布郎先生很有錢。You/We should keep quiet in the library.在圖書館應(yīng)保持安靜。4、人稱代詞it的特殊用法代替小孩和嬰兒如: Look at that p

18、oor little child. It has just fallen down.作形式主語或形式賓語如: It is necessary to buy that dictionary. I consider it important to ask him for advice.打電話時用于指人如: Hello. It is Mary.用作主語指時間、距離、天氣等如: It is five oclock. It is fine today.用在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中如: It is Mary who helped you yesterday.It is a dictionary that I recei

19、ved yesterday.人稱代詞的排列順序 1) 單數(shù)人稱代詞并列作主語時，其順序?yàn)椋?第二人稱 第三人稱 第一人稱you he/she;it - I You, he and I should return on time. 2) 復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞作主語時，其順序?yàn)椋?第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱weyou They注意： 在下列情況中，第一人稱放在前面。a. 在承認(rèn)錯誤，承擔(dān)責(zé)任時， 如：It was I and John that made her angry. 是我和約翰惹她生氣了。b. 在長輩對晚輩，長官對下屬說話時，如長官為第一人稱， 如：I an 如：I and you try t

20、o finish it. c. 并列主語只有第一人稱和第三人稱時， d. 當(dāng)其他人稱代詞或名詞被定語從句修飾時。二、物主代詞表示所有關(guān)系的代詞，也可叫做代詞所有格。物主代詞分形容性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞二種，其人物和數(shù)的變化見下表：數(shù)單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 人稱 第一第二第三 第一第二 第三人稱 人稱人稱 人稱人稱 人稱 形容詞性物主代詞myyourhis/her/its our your their/its名 詞 性 物主代詞mine yours his/hers/its ours yours theirs/its如： I like his car.我喜歡他的小汽車。Our school is her

21、e，and theirs is there. 我們的學(xué)校在這兒，他們的在那兒。 說明：名詞性物主代詞 = 形容詞性物主代詞 + 名詞 如：The watch is mine(= my watch).三、 指示代詞表示那個、這個、這些、那些等指示概念的代詞。指示代詞有this，that，these，those等。如： That is a good idea.那是個好主意。this，these表示在時間上或空間上較近的人或物，that, those 表示在時間上或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的人或物。如： This is my desk and that is yours.They are busy prepari

22、ng for the English test these days.In those days they couldnt go to school.this常指后面要講的事物，有啟下的作用；that則指前面講到過的事物，有承上的作用。如： I want to tell you this: the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon. He hurt his leg yesterday. That is why he didnt come.為了避免重復(fù)，常用that或those代替前面已提到過的名詞，其后通常接of短語作定語。如：

23、The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing. The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.說明1： 指示代詞this/that在作主語時可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分時只能指物，不能指人，例如：(對)That is my teacher.那是我的老師。（ that作主語，指人） (對)He is going to marry this girl.他要和這個姑娘結(jié)婚。 （this作限定詞） （this作限定詞）(錯)He is going to marry this.（t

24、his作賓語時不能指人）(對)I bought this.我買這個。 (this指物，可作賓語)說明2： That和those可作定語從句的先行詞，但this和 these不能，同時，在作先行詞時，只有those可指人，試比較：(對) He admired that which looked beautiful.他贊賞外表漂亮的東西。(對) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人）(錯) He admired that who danced well.（that作賓語時不能指人）(對) He admired tho

25、se who danced well.他贊賞跳舞好的人。（those指人）(對) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的東西。（those指物）四、 表示 我自己、你自己、他自己、我們自己、你們自己和他們自己等的代詞，叫做自身代詞，也稱為反身代詞。如： She was talking to herself. 她自言自語。 反身代詞的用法:反身代詞可以在句中作賓語，含有“自己”的意思，但在漢語中有時不一定要把“自己”譯出來。如： He can look after himself.他能照顧他自己。They enjoyed thems

26、elves at Disneyland.他們在迪斯尼樂園玩得很開心。反身代詞可以在句中作同位語，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，置于名詞、代詞的后面或句末，表示“自己”、 “親自”的意思。如： I myself did all the work. She opened the door herself.反身代詞還可以構(gòu)成某些慣用語如： (all) by oneself 獨(dú)自地；一人地of oneself 自動地，自然而然地五、 表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫相互代詞，有each other(指兩者之間) 和one another(指三者或三者以上之間)兩組，但在運(yùn)用中，這兩組詞沒什么區(qū)別。如： They love each

27、 other.他們彼此相愛。 The three men distrusted one another.這三個人互不信任。六、 疑問代詞有who，whom，whose，what和which等。在句子中用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句。疑問代詞都可用作連接代詞，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句（主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句）如： Tell me who he is. 告訴我他是誰。 1） 用來構(gòu)成疑問句。指人： who, whom, whose指物： what既可指人又可指物： which2） which 和 what 所指的范圍不同：what所指的范圍是無限 的，的，而which則指在一定的范圍內(nèi)，例如： eg:Which

28、teachers do you like best? 你喜歡哪幾個老師？ eg: What teachers do you like best? 你喜歡什么樣的老師？3） what一般用來指物，指人時通常用來詢問職業(yè)或身份；而 who多用來詢問姓名或血緣關(guān)系等。 eg: -What is he? -He is a lawyer. -Who is he? -He is Tom/my father.七、 關(guān)系代詞有who，whom，whose，that，which，as等，可用作引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。它們代表主句中為定語從句所修飾的那個名詞或代詞（通稱為先行詞）。如： He is the man

29、whom you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那個人。八、 沒有明確指定代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的詞叫做不定代詞,常用的不定代詞如下: all, any, another, both, each, every, either, every, few, little, many, much, no, none, neither, one, other, some以及由 some, any, no, every 和 body, one, thing 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞。some和any的用法一般用法some, any（一些）可與復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞連用。some一般用

30、于肯定句，any一般用于否定句、疑問句或條件句中。He has some Chinese paintings.Some like sports, others like music.Ask me if you have any questions.Do you have any questions to ask me?I dont know any of the students.特殊用法some用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示某一You will be sorry for this some day.總有一天，你會后悔這件事的。some用在表示請求或邀請的問句中，表示期望對方作出肯定回答，如：Wou

31、ld you like some bananas?Could you lend me some money?any用于肯定句表示任何的意思You may take any of them.Any child can do that.some, any在句中還可作狀語，此時它們?yōu)楦痹~。some意為大約，相當(dāng)于“about”，而any則表示程度，意為稍微、絲毫。There are some 3,000 workers working in the factory.Do you feel any better today?2、many, much many，much都意為許多， many + 可數(shù)名

32、詞，much + 不 可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞。 How many people are there at the meeting? How much time has we left? Many of the workers were at the meeting. Much of the time was spent on learning. 3、few, little, a few, a little (a) few + 可數(shù)名詞, (a) little + 不可數(shù)名詞a few / a little 為肯定含義，還有一點(diǎn)few / little為否定含義，沒有多少了。He has a few friends.他有幾個朋友。He has few friends. 他幾乎沒有朋友。We still have a little time. 我們還有點(diǎn)時間。There is little time left.幾乎沒剩下什么時間了。典型例題:Although he s wealthy，he spends_ on clothes. A. little B. fewC. a little D. a few 答案： A.