2019年考研英語一真題及答案詳解完整版

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)專心-專注-專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)2019年考研英語一真題及答案詳解完整版2019年考研英語一真題及答案詳解 Section Use of English Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.（10 points）Today we live in a world where GPS syste

2、ms, digital maps, and other navigation apps are available on our smart phones. 1 of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones 2 on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize. 3 you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you 4 cant find north, a few tricks to h

3、elp you navigate 5 to civilization, one of which is to follow the landWhen you find yourself well 6 a trail, but not in a completely 7 area, you have to answer two questions:Which 8 is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, an

4、d on supplies of fresh water.9 ,if you head downhill, and follow any H2O you find, you should 10 see signs of people.If youve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sightsyou may be 11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore yourbearings.Another12 : Climb high

5、and look for signs of human habitation.13 , even in dense forest, you should be able to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve 15 the woods. Head toward these 16 to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for 17 light sources, such as fires and streetlig

6、hts, then walk toward the glow of light pollution.18 , assuming youre lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the19 we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can 20 you to civilization.ASomeBMostCFewDAll【答案】C【解析】首句為主題句：今天，我們生活在一個(gè)GPS系統(tǒng)，數(shù)字地圖和其他導(dǎo)航應(yīng)用程 序都在我們的智能手機(jī)上

7、唾手可得的世界?？崭袼诰渲赋觯何覀冎?在沒有電話，個(gè)人 GPS或其他導(dǎo)航工具的情況下直接走進(jìn)樹林。本句有without與few構(gòu)成雙重否定表肯定，根 據(jù)語義應(yīng)該填入few（幾乎沒有人），符合文意。AputBtakeCrunDcome【答案】C【解析】run on battery表示手機(jī)用電池發(fā)動，運(yùn)行。其他選項(xiàng)：Put on （穿上；使運(yùn) 轉(zhuǎn)）；take on （承擔(dān)；呈現(xiàn)）；come on （快點(diǎn)；開始），語義不通順。故正確答案為 C run。ASinceB IfCThoughDUntil【答案】B【解析】空格所在句譯文： 你在沒有電話或指南針的情況下迷路， 找不到北方， 我們有一些技巧可

8、以幫助你導(dǎo)航 文明。此處為假設(shè)的情況，故填入if（如果）符合上下文 的表達(dá)。其余選項(xiàng)：Since （因?yàn)?；自從）?though （雖然）， until （直到）帶入后， 語義不通順。故正確答案為B If。AformallyB relativelyC graduallyD literally【答案】D【解析】空格所在句譯文： 你在沒有電話或指南針的情況下迷路， 找不到北方， 我們有一些技巧可以幫助你導(dǎo)航 文明。此處literally表示確實(shí)地，真正地，帶入原文語義 通順：你的確找不到北方。其余選項(xiàng)：Formally （正式地），relatively（相對地）， gradually（逐漸地）帶入

9、后，語義不通順。故正確答案為D literally.A backB nextC aroundD away【答案】A【解析】空格所在句譯文： 你在沒有電話或指南針的情況下迷路， 找不到北方， 我們有一些技巧可以幫助你導(dǎo)航 文明。前文講lost（迷路），此處填入back（回到）文 明之地相互呼應(yīng)，故正確答案為A back。AontoBoffCacrossDalone【答案】B【解析】空格所在句的句意為：當(dāng)你 路徑，但不是完全 的區(qū)域，你需要回答兩 個(gè)問題：在這個(gè)特殊區(qū)域，哪兒條路是下坡？哪兒里有最近的水源？通過后半句的問題，能 夠了解到前面是當(dāng)你偏離軌道，迷失蹤跡的時(shí)候。B選項(xiàng)off （遠(yuǎn)離，離開

10、）符合語義要求； A選項(xiàng)onto（在之上），C選項(xiàng)across（穿過，橫穿），D選項(xiàng)alone（獨(dú)自地，單獨(dú)地） 帶入空格后，語義不通順，均排除。故正確答案為B選項(xiàng)off。AunattractiveB uncrowdedCunchangedDunfamiliar【答案】D【解析】空格所在句的前一句說迷失蹤跡，偏離軌道?？崭袼诘暮蟀刖鋌ut開頭，所 填入的形容詞詞需要和前面構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系，雖然偏離軌道，但也不是完全不熟悉的 路。只有D選項(xiàng)unfamiliar（不熟悉的，不常見的）符合要求；A選項(xiàng)unattractive（不吸引 人的），B選uncrowded（不擁擠的，寬敞的），C選項(xiàng)un

11、changed（未改變的，無變化 的）帶入后，語義不通順。故正確答案為Dunfamiliar。AsiteBpointCwayDplace【答案】C【解析】空格所在句的句意：你需要回答兩個(gè)問題：在這個(gè)特殊區(qū)域，哪兒個(gè) 是下 坡？哪兒里有最近的水源？空格處所需的名詞需要符合上下文語境。C選項(xiàng)way（道路）符合 語義要求；A選項(xiàng)site（地點(diǎn)，位置，場所），B選項(xiàng)point（要點(diǎn)），D選項(xiàng)place（地方， 地點(diǎn)）帶入空格后，語義不通順，均排除。故正確答案為C選項(xiàng)way。ASoBYetCInsteadDBesides【答案】A【解析】空格所在句的前一句指出：生活在山谷中的人，基本都靠淡水為生。后面也

12、就 是空格所在句： 如果你下山，沿著水走，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)人類的跡象很明顯空格處所填 入的連詞和前面構(gòu)成因果的邏輯關(guān)系，只有A選項(xiàng)So（所以，因此）符合要求；B選項(xiàng) Yet（但是，然而），C選Instead（代替，反而），D選項(xiàng)Besides（此外，而且）帶入后， 語義不通順。故正確答案為ASo。AimmediatelyB intentionallyCunexpectedlyD eventually【答案】D【解析】空格所在句的句意：所以如果你下山，沿著你找到的水一直走，你 會看 到人類的跡象，空格處所需的副詞需要符合本句語境并是句子語義通順。D選項(xiàng) eventually （最后，終于）符合語義要求；

13、A選項(xiàng)immediately（立即，立刻），B選項(xiàng) intentionally（故意地，有意地），C選項(xiàng)unexpectedly（意外地，出乎意料地）帶入空格 后，語義不通順，均排除。故正確答案為D選項(xiàng)eventually。AsurprisedBannoyedCfrightenedDconfused【答案】A【解析】空格所在句提到：If youve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sightsyou may be surprised how quickly spotting a distinctive rock or

14、 tree can restore your bearings（如果你之前去過這個(gè)地方，一定要注意熟悉的景象，你或 許會 快速識別出一塊特征明顯的巖石或樹木能幫助你恢復(fù)記憶）。此句明顯體現(xiàn)了積極 褒義的感情色彩，根據(jù)這個(gè)線索，可直接確定A選項(xiàng)surprised為正確答案，即：你或許會感 到驚訝A problemBoptionCviewDresult【答案】B【解析】本文第一段提到：“如果你在沒有電話或指南針的情況下迷路了，而且你真的 找不到北方，我們有一些技巧可以幫助你回到文明社會”?？崭袼谔幪岬剑毫硪粋€(gè) : 登 到高處尋找有人類住所的標(biāo)志，因此此處的another 應(yīng)該與tricks構(gòu)成總

15、分關(guān)系，即，空格 處所填的名詞應(yīng)與tricks語義相近。只有B選項(xiàng)option（選擇，辦法）符合要求。A Above allBIn contrastC On averageD For example【答案】D【解析】空格前提到“另一個(gè)辦法就是登高來尋找有人類居住的標(biāo)志”，關(guān)鍵詞為： look for signs;空格后提到“在茂密森林里，你應(yīng)該能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)由于道路、電纜、火車軌道和 人們在樹林中開辟的其他道路而造成的樹木之間的空隙”，關(guān)鍵詞為：spot gaps。而look for與spot語義相近，signs為抽象名詞，gaps為具體名詞，因此空格前后表是例證關(guān)系或總 分關(guān)系，故D選項(xiàng)for e

16、xample（例如）為正確答案。Abridge Bavoid CspotDseparate【答案】C【解析】本題空格所在句是對前面句子的例證，故主題一致，因此空格處需填入的動詞 需和look for語義相近，故選擇spot（識別，發(fā)現(xiàn)）。A fromB throughCbeyondD under【答案】B【解析】空格處需填入介詞來和前面的動詞carve及后面的名詞woods構(gòu)成順暢的語義 搭配。Carve woods:在森林中開辟道路， B選項(xiàng) through用法最恰當(dāng)，故為正確答案。A postsBlinksCshadesDbreaks【答案】D【解析】本題空前有一個(gè)指示代詞these，通過

17、語義，“these 16 ” 指代上文的 “roads, train tracks, and other paths”，并由定語從句“people carve through the woods”（人們在森林中開辟的）修飾。從語義上來看，breaks最合適。A artificialB mysteriousC hiddenD limited【答案】A【解析】本空所處的句子“scan for 17 light sources”，與本段開頭 “l(fā)ook for sign of human habitation ”結(jié)構(gòu)一致，語義相關(guān)，空格處所填形容詞和human意思相 近，選擇artificial “

18、人造的”。除此之外，17題后面“such as fires and streetlights,”所 列舉的兩種光源的共同特點(diǎn)就是artificial。A FinallyB Consequently C incidentally D Generally【答案】D【解析】空后為條件狀語從句“assuming you ”，與上文的“If you”構(gòu)成順接遞進(jìn) 關(guān)系，選項(xiàng)中，只用finally表順接。A memories B marksC notesD belongings【答案】B【解析】空后的定語從句“we leave on the landscape”，由語義得知此處應(yīng)該填 “標(biāo)記”，所以選ma

19、rks。A restrictB adoptC leadD expose【答案】C【解析】所填動詞需要與主語 “tire blazes, tire tracks and other fearures”輪胎，輪 胎痕跡和其他標(biāo)記），賓語you，以及不定式 to civilization（文明）之間構(gòu)成完整語義，所 以此處填lead“引導(dǎo)”最合適?！驹囶}點(diǎn)評】完型填空為了測試考生實(shí)際應(yīng)用英語的能力和語感。具體說來，是從語篇 的角度綜合測試考生的閱讀理解能力、詞匯的掌握和對英語習(xí)慣用語的熟悉程度、以及語法 規(guī)則的靈活運(yùn)用。這部分大家一定要注重思路和尋找線索能力的訓(xùn)練，一般做題的基本思路 是，根據(jù)已知信

20、息去填空，根據(jù)空前后的線索來選擇填什么。比方說，題目讓考生填主句的 內(nèi)容，那么從句中就會有相應(yīng)的說明。題目讓考生填動詞，原文常常在別的地方出現(xiàn)這個(gè)動詞的同義詞。那么如何判斷呢？首先根據(jù)需要填寫動詞后面出現(xiàn)的賓語，找到有同一賓語的 句子，該句中的動詞就是所需填寫詞的同義詞。具體相關(guān)知識點(diǎn)和解題思路在考研教育網(wǎng)強(qiáng) 化階段英語強(qiáng)化班的完型填空部分有重點(diǎn)講解。Section Reading Comprehension Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choos

21、ing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1Financial regulations in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wr

22、ongdoing. The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk- taking and to restore public trust in financial institution. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long term decision-making not only by banks but also bu all corporations, to build

23、a stronger economy for future generations.“Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of Englands top economist. Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economies, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting

24、like “Children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient investors, who d

25、emand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firms efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been dubbed “quarterly capitalism”。In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities, quicker use of information, and thus

26、 shortens attention spans in financial markers. “There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,” said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in speech this week.In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed mo

27、st public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce “short-termism.” In its latest survey of CEO pay, The Wall Street Journal finds that “ a substantial part” of executive pay is now tied to performance.Much more could be done to encourage

28、“l(fā)ong-termism,” such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company.Within companies, the right compensation design can provide incentives fo

29、r executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all stakeholders. Britains new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance, not just for the short term but for the long term.According to Paragraph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule

30、is the .enhance bankers sense of responsibilityhelp corporations achieve larger profitsbuild a new system of financial regulationguarantee the bonuses of top executives【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“paragraph 1”和“one motive in imposing the new rule”回文定位在第一段第三句“The main purpose of this clawback rule is to hold ban

31、kers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institutions.”可以得出答案。Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicate .the conditions for generating quick profitsgovernments impatience in decision-makingthe solid structure of publicly traded companies“short-termism” in economi

32、cs activities【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)題干中的“Alfred Marshall”回文定位在第二段最后一句“Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like”，可以得出答案。It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies can be .indirectadverseminimaltemporary【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Transient investment”定位第三段第二句，

33、“Transient investors, can hinder a firms efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty”可以得出答案。The US and France examples are used to illustrate .the obstacles to preventing “short-termism”。the significance of long-term thinking.the approaches to promoting “l(fā)ong-termism”。the

34、 prevalence of short-term thinking.【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)題干定位到第五、六段，第五段為美國的例子，第六段為法國的例子，（第五段中美國延遲發(fā)放才上任一年左右的高管績效津貼，繼而促進(jìn)緩解“短期主義”盛行 的現(xiàn)狀；第六段在法國持股兩年以上者擁有更大的選票權(quán)。）第六段首句承前啟后講到 “Much more could be done to encourage long-termism”促進(jìn)“長期主義”還有 很多做法?？梢缘贸龃鸢浮hich of the following would be the best title for the text?Failure o

35、f Quarterly CapitalismPatience as a Corporate VirtueDecisiveness Required of Top ExecutivesFrustration of Risk-taking Bankers【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞best title可知這是一道典型的主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文可以得出 答案。Grade inflation-the gradual increase in average GPAs（grade-point averages） over the past few decadesis often considered a

36、product of a consumer era in higher education, in which students are treated like customers to be pleased. But another, related forcea policy often buried deep in course catalogs called “grade forgiveness”is helping raise GPAs.Grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in which they receiv

37、ed a low grade, and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a students overall GPA.The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years, as colleges continue to do their utmost to keep students in school （and paying tuition）and improve t

38、heir graduation rates. When this practice first started decades ago, it was usually limited to freshmen, to give them a second chance to take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses. But now most colleges save for many selective campuses, allow all

39、undergraduates, and even graduate students, to get their low grades forgiven.College officials tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about the grade itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree program and graduation without incurring a

40、 big penalty. “Untimely,” said Jack Miner, Ohio State Universitys registrar,“we see students achieve more success because they retake a course and do better in subsequent contents or master the content that allows them to graduate on time.”That said, there is a way in which grade forgiveness satisfi

41、es colleges own needs as well. For public institutions, state funds are sometimes tied partly to their success on metrics such as graduation rates and student retentionso better grades can, by boosting figures like those, mean more money. And anything that raises GPAs will likely make studentswho, a

42、t the end of the day, are paying the billfeel theyve gotten a better value for their tuition dollars, which is another big concern for colleges.Indeed, grade forgiveness is just another way that universities are responding to consumers expectations for higher education. Since students and parents ex

43、pect a college degree to lead a job, it is in the best interest of a school to turn out graduates who are as qualified as possibleor at least appear to be. On this, students and colleges incentives seem to be aligned.What is commonly regarded as the cause of grade inflation? A.The change of course c

44、atalogs.B.Students indifference to GPAS. C.Colleges neglect of GPAS.D.The influence of consumer culture.【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)題干信息詞定位到首段第一句，句子主干“Grade inflation is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education”可以得出答案。What was the original purpose of grade forgiveness?To help freshmen adapt t

45、o college learning.To maintain colleges graduation rates.To prepare graduates for a challenging future.To increase universities income from tuition.【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)題干要求定位到第三段第二句。該句中的this practice對應(yīng)題干中的grade forgiveness，first started對應(yīng)題干中的original，而不定式短語to give them（freshmen）a second chanceif they struggl

46、ed in their transition to college- level courses（如果大一新生在都向大學(xué)課程的過渡中有問題的話在給他們一次機(jī)會） 為目的，對應(yīng)題干中的purpose，故正確答案應(yīng)為A選項(xiàng)To help freshmen adapt to college learning（幫助大一新生適應(yīng)大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)）。According to Paragraph 5,grade forgiveness enable colleges to .obtain more financial supportboost their student enrollmentsimprove the

47、ir teaching qualitymeet local governments needs【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞 “paragrph 5”，以及“grade forgiveness”和 “colleges”定位到第五段第一句話。可以得出答案。What does the phrase “to be aligned”（Line 5, Para.6）most probably mean?To counterbalance each other.To complement each other.To be identical with each other.To be contradic

48、tory to each other.【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)題目定位到第6段最后一句：On this, students and colleges incentives seem to be aligned.解決本題的關(guān)鍵是this指代的內(nèi)容，根據(jù)上文Since students and parents expect a college degree to lead to a job, it is in the best interest of a school to turn out graduates who are as qualified as possible-or at least

49、 appear to be. 可以得出答案。The author examines the practice of grade forgiveness by .assessing its feasibilityanalyzing the causes behind itcomparing different views on itlisting its long-run effects【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)題干，表面上問作者通過什么論述方式來探討grade forgiveness的實(shí)踐操 作，其實(shí)是考全文的主旨寫作手法，屬于主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文可以得出答案。Text 3This year ma

50、rks exactly two countries since the publication of Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, by Mary Shelley. Even before the invention of the electriclight bulb, the author produced a remarkable work of speculative fiction that would foreshadow many ethical questions to be raised by technologies yet

51、 to come.Today the rapid growth of artificial intelligence （AI）raises fundamental questions:”What is intelligence, identify, orconsciousness? What makes humans humans?”What is being called artificial general intelligence, machines that would imitate the way humans think, continues to evade scientist

52、s. Yet humans remain fascinated by the idea of robots that would look, move, and respond like humans, similar to those recently depicted on popular sci-fi TV series such as “Westworld” and “Humans”。Just how people think is still far too complex to be understood, let alone reproduced, says David Eagl

53、eman, a Stanford University neuroscientist. “We are just in a situation where there are no good theories explaining what consciousnesss actually is and how you could ever build a machine to get there.”But that doesnt mean crucial ethical issues involving AI arent at hand. The coming use of autonomou

54、s vehicles, for example, poses thorny ethical questions. Human drivers sometimes must make split-second decisions. Their reactions may be a complex combination of instant reflexes, input from past driving experiences, and what their eyes and ears tell them in that moment. AI “vision” today is not ne

55、arly as sophisticated as that of humans. And to anticipate every imaginable driving situation is a difficult programming problem.Whenever decisions are based on masses of data, “you quickly get into a lot of ethical questions,” notes Tan Kiat How, chief executive of a Singapore-based agency that is

56、helping the government develop a voluntary code for the ethical use of AI. Along with Singapore, other governments and mega-corporations are beginning to establish their own guidelines. Britain is setting up a data ethics center. India released its AI ethics strategy this spring.On June 7 Google ple

57、dged not to “design or deploy AI” that would cause “overall harm,” or to develop AI-directed weapons or use AI for surveillance that would violate international norms. It also pledged not to deploy AI whose use would violate international laws or human rights.While the statement is vague, it represe

58、nts one starting point. So does the idea that decisions made by AI systems should be explainable, transparent, and fair.To put it another way: How can we make sure that the thinking of intelligent machines reflects humanitys highest values? Only then will they be useful servants and not Frankenstein

59、s out-of-control monster.Mary Shelleys novel Frankenstein is mentioned because itfascinates AI scientists all over the world.has remained popular for as long as 200 years.involves some concerns raised by AI today.has sparked serious ethical controversies.【答案】C【解析】由題干表述可判斷本題為典型的觀點(diǎn)例證題，所證觀點(diǎn)就在例證前后，該例子 出

60、現(xiàn)在篇首，引出主題在后。由此可知本題定位句為第一段最后一句話。由此可以得出答 案。In David Eaglemans opinion, our current knowledge of consciousnesshelps explain artificial intelligence.can be misleading to robot making.inspires popular sci-fi TV series.is too limited for us to reproduce it.【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)題干中的David Eagleman定位到文中第四段第一句，該段第二句the