英語課件20屆考研英語語法

1、英語基礎語法詞類十類：1、名詞n.bject 主語O：object 賓語P:predicative表語A; Apitive同位語三大從句：名詞性從句，形容詞從句（定語從句），副詞性從句（狀語從句）名詞性從句：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句定語從句：限制性定語從句、非限制性定語從句狀語從句：9 大類1、時間狀語從句2、地點狀語從句3、條件狀語從句4、目的狀語從句5、原因狀語從句6、結果狀語從句7、讓步狀語從句8、方式狀語從句9、比較狀語從句2、代詞pron.3、動詞v.1）主謂一致2）時態(tài)：16 種時態(tài)3）語態(tài)： 2 種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和語態(tài)4）語氣： 3 種語氣：陳述語氣；祈使語氣；虛

2、擬語氣5）特殊動詞/實義動詞特殊動詞：助動詞：do, will, have done, be done情態(tài)動詞： should, need, must, can, may, might, would, will,have to, could連系動詞：be 動詞He is smart.系動詞感官動詞：look, smell, taste, sound, feel, touch半系動詞：appear, grow, remain6) 非謂語結構非動詞結構7）獨立主格結構在意思上等于句子，但是語法上又不是句子4、形容詞adj.5、副詞adv.6、介詞prep.7、連詞conj.8、冠詞art.9、感嘆

3、詞erj.10、數(shù)詞num.句子八大成分句子哪八大成分？主謂賓表定同狀補1、He teaches English.主謂賓2、I am workaholic.主系表3、The lovely kid under the tree is my son.主系表4. All is wellt ends well. 主系表5. Smith, a professor from Stanford, will give us a lecture thisafternoon.同位語和定語的區(qū)別是什么？定語：形容詞同位語：名詞6.He speaks English well.主謂賓well：程度狀語7. Einst

4、ein went to America because Hitlersecuted the Jews.to：地點狀語because：原因狀語8. Last night, Mr. Clon apologized sincerely toHilaryinhis office.last night：時間狀語sincerely：方式狀語to： 范圍狀語in：地點狀語位置：1 方式狀語 2 范圍狀語 3 地點狀語 4 時間狀語翻譯順序：43219. To make things worse, there was a strong wind.主語：windthere be 句型：倒裝句 后面是主語總結：狀

5、語：1）、修飾謂語動詞；表示發(fā)生的情形和背景2）、修飾主句：原因狀語從句3）、修飾 adj./adv.10. We often call him “Mr. right”.He gives me an apple.Mr. right：賓補11. I found the explanation wrong.wrong：賓補12. He died young.young：主語補足語13. The bottle was found empty.sb. found the bottle empty.（empty 補充說明）empty：主語補足語句子類型1.Old habits die hard.2.I

6、love grammar.3.Talking to her brings me a lot offun.4.Who leaves the door open?5.ernet dating is popular.一、名詞1、數(shù)：可數(shù)名詞 countable：the/a/+s/an不可數(shù)名詞 noncountable: thefish C魚U魚肉two fish兩條魚two fishes 兩類魚2、格所有格：s/of3、功能主語：subject賓語：object表語：predicative同位語：apitive改錯：1.I have to do manys tonight.work 1)U工作2）

7、【C】作品3）【C】工廠 workseg.orks 一個工廠2.My grandparents raisechicken and fishes, but we usually buychicken and fish from the supermarkets.3.I knowt many friends of Jerry will turn uphe costumeparty.4.He climbed this 3600-feet-high mountain on foot.連字符復合形容詞中間的名詞一定要用二、代詞改錯：1. Alan has scarcely everything left

8、he house.scarcely=hardly 幾乎不2. It is one thing to enjoy listening togood music, but it isquite other to perform skillfully yourself.other：其它的+ n.s 名詞復數(shù)others= other+n.san + otheranother + n. 名詞單數(shù)one another 對應代詞3. To the finalists, Bob and I, the last high jump was the mostexciting.4. William the Co

9、nqueror built the Tower ofLondon to protecthimself from those he had conquered.5. When drinking from a well, one musfet those who dugit.6. Sam admired his friends Frand Jerry.He imied everyaction of their.7. Thear New Year was always a happy time forwe Chichildren.8. These three girls help each othe

10、r to embroiderflowers onthe table cloth.each other 兩者中互相one another 三個及三個以上9. Our home is finern yours or his.三、動詞主謂一致：指謂語與主語的一致性。（判卷老師就盯這些錯誤）Many a student isMany students areA new set of rules has been established.A lot of rules have been established.改錯：1.A certain set of circumstanhave enabledjus

11、tice toactofits own accord.2.A pair of glasses are needed now.this/t pair oftwo pairs of3. A library with five thousand books are offered to the nationas a gift.4. When and where to build the new factory are not decided yet.復合不定式：疑問詞+不定式 動詞為單數(shù)When to build_ and where to buildare5. The number of peop

12、le invited were fifty, but a number of themwas absent for different reasons.a number of 復數(shù)固定短語the number of 單數(shù)6. A good deal of money have been spent on clothes.7. Either you or the headmaster are to hand out the prizes tothese gifted students at the meeting.8. It seemstneither Bin Laden nor his fol

13、lowers hasipatedsucha drastic turnhe field.9. Not onlyI butalso Jane and Mary was tired of having oneexaminationafteranother.10. Mr. White as well as his wife have travelled a number ofcountrieshe past few years.11. Most of the work have been done by the time we got there.12. Many a student are busy

14、 with their lessons.13. The audience are so larget no seat was left unoccupiedhe greall.14.The crew of Titwas waiting for the instruction fromthecaptain.15.Please make sure all the cattle has been well secured intheshed.16. Everybody, men and women, old and young, enjoy sports andgames.17. Ten minut

15、es seem an hour when one is waiting for a phonecall.18. To a disabled, even 50 meters are a long distanceto cover.19. For some kids, 50 pence are such a big amountt can goa long way.20. The secretary and principal are speaking at the meeting now.21.It is not Jane but her brothers who are to blame.22

16、.The quickest means to go there are by air.23.The total numberof victims of the bus bomb in Jerusalemareastonishing.24.The rich are notalways happy, although the poor pay forall.25.It is reportedt there is going to be heavy storms inthecoming month.26.Sistics is anoptional coursehis college.27.Moren

17、 one studens been reported missing.28. More studentsn on have been reported missing.29. Although manya strong man have got lost before such atempion, stillthere is a great many who have managed toresist it.四、十六種時態(tài)現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在時一般過去時進行時過去時完成時過去時將來時將來時將來時過去將來過去將來過去將來現(xiàn)在時完成將來過去時將來時過去將來（一）一般時1、My brotherhas a

18、 newcar.2、She alwaysbrushes her teeth.3.If/When hecomes, let me know.4.The teacher told ust the moonlooked bright, butidnolight of its own.5.Hegot up earlyhepast.6.Hewas a teacher att time.7.Hedied at 5 oclock.8.be a teacherwo years.9.visit China nextk.10. We often use a recorder in our English clas

19、s. But we willnot use it tomorrow, because there was something wrong with it.11. He saidt hewould set out tomorrow.(二)進行時12.Hes watchinat present.13.Hes livinginBeijing now.14.The train isleaving.15.Hes alwayscomplaining.16.He was reading a novel when you went in.17.Ill be watchinat this time tomorr

20、ow.18.The train will be arriving in London.19.He saidt he would be watchinatt time.（三）完成時20.Weve had little rahimmer.21.Hes died.22.Hes been dead 5 years.23. I have/had/will have/ would have lived/ lived there 5 years.（四）完成進行時24.Is been raining forks.25.Is rained forks.26.Ive been coming up here nig

21、ht after night forks.27.Perhaps it is a long time before we see you again.28. I will set out for Singapore as soon as the ticket will beready.29.My friends will meet me when I will arrive at the airport.30.Tome died last summer. Tom always likes reading poems tohisfamily.31.I consider accepting your

22、 suggestion at present.32.While I was reading a book, I fell asleep.33.Joan has already finished her. Now she is playingthano.34. Nobody likes him because he always criticizes/ is alwayscriticizing others.35. James has just arrived, but I didnt know he was cominguntil yesterday.36. Send for a doctor

23、 quickly. The old man will die.37. He gave up smoking last month. He has not smoked for abouta month.1st,38. Since Januarythere has been a lot of new taskshisfactory.39. Her grandmother has died for twenty years.40. The price went down, but I doubt whether it will remain so.41. Is been raining almos

24、t every day so far this month.42. By the time you read this article tomorrow evening, we shallhave left for London.43. When he retires, Professor Jones will be teaching here forover thirty years.44.He tried three times so far and he fails each time.45.Mary was making a dress when she cut her finger.

25、46.We had jusd our dinner when the doorbell rang.47.I had been having my breakfast when the morningtcame.五、語態(tài)1、用法：S+ vt.+ OO+ be vt.ed+by + SS:主語動作發(fā)出者O:賓語動作承受者vt.：語態(tài)一定是及物動詞2、使用范圍什么情況使用句？1It強調(diào)動作的承受者must be poed outt2不知動作發(fā)出者的A lot of money was stolenhe incident.3避免動作發(fā)出者的出現(xiàn)Much has been said but little

26、 hasbeendone.4 發(fā)出者不言自明It is saidt3、寫作：（多用句）4、翻譯英語句中文主動句5、“使”動詞：表主動1seat vt. 使坐下seat yourselves請坐=Be seated!請坐2facevt. 使面對face olfbefacedwith3erest vt.使感erest olfin beerested in6、主動表1 needngeg. The flowers need watering.= The flowers need to be watered.23456eg.requirengwantngbe worthngdeservengclean1

27、vt. 打掃 2 vi. 打掃起來The floor cleans easily.78eg.wash vi. 洗起來eat vi. 吃起來The apple eats well.練習：1. The fire could not be put out until the next morning.2. This pair of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmensells well.3. The professor didnt begin his lecture until all theaudienwere seated.4. After

28、 such a long journey, my shoes want mending.六、虛擬語氣(一)、虛擬條件句改錯：1.IfI am a bird,I will fly to you.2.Ifhe adopted my advice, he would succeed.3.Ifheephoned me, what should I answer?4. If he had adopted my advice, he would be working in an office.5.Had he adopted my advice, he would have secceeded.6.Wer

29、e he toephone me,7.Should heephone me, 8.The child would have fallenhe river butt thekindman caught him.9. Suping this ship were to sink, there would be enoughlifejackets for all the passengers.10. Your secretary told met you would be cominer.IfS+ VS + V現(xiàn)在時vedwould/could/should/might+do過去時had+vedwou

30、ld/could/should/mighvedone將來時vedwould/could/should/might+doshould + vwere to + vOtherwise I would have felt compelled to call you at home.11. He told me how he had given me shelter and protection withoutwhich I would have died ofger and cold.12. But for the fog, we should have reached our destinatio

31、n.(二)、命令、建議、要求類12表示命令、建議、要求的 adj./n./v.出現(xiàn)t + 名詞性從句t + S +(should) + V改錯：13.Its advisablet the nation sends an unmanned spacecraftto explore the planet.14. The management urgedt the cost of production is furtherreduced.15. Whatdo you think ofhis proalt improvements willbe madehe old type of vacuum cl

32、eaner?（三）、意愿類改錯：16.Frly, Id rather you didnt make any comment on theie for the time being.17.If only I had not been there.18. I wish I have gone to Stockholm when I was in Sweden. I hearits a beautiful city.19. Its high time you started to work.（四）、狀語從句類改錯：20. The driver looked over the engine caref

33、ully lest it goeswrong on the way.21. He is working hard for feart he fails to pass the exam.22. It looks as if it were/is likely to rain.23. The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipthem, went quite smoothly.24. All scientudents, be they future physicists or chemists,should have a good

34、foundation inbasicscien.七、非謂語結構不定式n.S/O/P/Ato + v.adj.定語，補語adv.狀語n.動名詞V + ingadj.現(xiàn)在分詞adv.adj.定語，補語V + edadv.狀語例句：1.To see is to beve.2.Im longing to see Judy again.3.His ambition, to be a pilot, has never been fulfilled.To do +V.容易頭重腳輕It +V.+ todo改成形式主語124.Itisnesary for us tostudy grammar.Itwas kin

35、d of you to dot.I want a hammer todrivehe nail with.5.I noticedgrabbinghis wallet and runs.6.He had his daughtlaying the violwo hours every day.7.She was made to leave at once.8. Every morning, he woke up only to find the work had been doneovernight.9. He is old enough to johe army.10. He warprised

36、to hear the news.11. The boy walked quietlyo the dormitory so as not to awakehis roommates.12. Here we found little snow, as most of it seemed to have beenblown off the mountain.13. I would rather readn watch TV. The programs seem to begetting worse all the time.14. I have no idea when to leave the

37、city.15. They expected there to be would be manymoreerestingmovies directed by Chidirectiors.八、非謂語結構動名詞例句：1.Seeing is beving.2.Thereis no joking about suatters.3.It isno good/useng.4.Wouldyou mind closing the windows?5.When Jim had seen the film, he ceased beingerested inthe novel.6. No one is permi

38、tted to enter the hall withoutshowinghis identification card.7.Notng ones work properly may beworsen notngiall.8.We were surprised at his not passingthe exam.9.Only byng so can we be regarded ashaving fulfilled ourresponsibilities.10. Jack, scolded by his mother, finally confessed to havingstolen th

39、e money.九、 非謂語結構現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞例句：1.The Great Depreswas the longest and most severe periodofeconomic depresever experienced by the US.2.The Amazon rainforest functions as the earthsgs,converts carbon dioxidehe atmosphere backo oxygen.3. Imagine our embarrassment when we saw Mary wearing her newdresss a pr

40、ice tag on it.4. Corn originatedhe New World and thus was not known inEurope until Columbus found it being cultivated in Cuba.5. Judged the best in a recent science competition, the threestudents were awarded scholarships totaling $21,000.6. Beving the earth to be flat , many fearedt Columbuswould f

41、all off theedge of the earth.7. Having eaten aheartycheon, the judge was ready toseriously considerthe circumstan.十、 獨立主格例句：1. Otherthingsare equala man who expresseshimselfeffectively ire to succeed more ralyn a man whosed of language is poor.2. So many directors were absent, thmeeting had to beput

42、 off.3. All things are considered, the planned trip will have to becalled off.4. The speech was delivered, a lively discusstarted.5. A new technique having been worked out, the yields as a wholeincreased by 20 percent.6. All flights having been cancelled because of the snowstorm,many passengers coul

43、d do nothing but take the train.7. Themurderer wasbrought in , with his hands having tiedbehindhis back.8. Thesale usuallytakes place outsidethe house, withtheaudieneating onbenches, chairs, orboxes.十一、定語從句從句從屬于一個句子相當于一個單詞n.S/O/P/A三大從句三個詞adj.定語adv.狀語例句：1. The manwho/whom/t yousaw jogginer there is m

44、yfather.2. The bestmealt Ihave ever had was thehich/tI had at a seaside ho.3. The young man whom/who/t/ she issodeeply in love withhas just gone abroad.4. She has the confidencet she cane every obstaclet she may come across in her life.5. It was not such a good meal as shehromised us.6. The day on w

45、hich/when/t their wedding ceremony is to takeplace is chosen with great care.7. The world in which/where we live is made up of matter.8. The reason for which /why/t piracy runs wild here isapparent.9. Could you give me more details on the way in which/t youhandled the crisis?10. Ileased with what yo

46、u have given me and all which youhave told me.11. My mother who has retired now, finds life is not aseresting as before.12. The tree, whose branches are almost bare, is a very old one.13. Mr. Smith will moveo his new house next Monday, byttime it will be compley finished.14. It is raining again,whic

47、h is very bad for our crops.15. She is a vegetarian,as all her friends are.16. As/It is known to all,is anegral part of China.17. With offiing more and more mechanized,thereisno problem ban be fixedinafewhours.十二、名詞性從句名詞性從句兩類引導詞：1、t 類whether2、wh- 類wh-特殊疑問詞how例句：1.t technological progress helps to re

48、ve scarcitiesisa fact accepted by all economists.2.I have made itcleart I will never goback on my word.3.John told met he was to be promoted to the vacancy.4.The estimatet as much as one-fourth of all timberharvested is notused proved to be false.5.The news is not truet we are having a holiday.6.The truth ist the finest looking shoes pinch the foot.7.Whether he comes or not matter