高考英語(yǔ)課件 語(yǔ)篇精讀課（二）完形填空之記敘文

1、 專題二 記敘文體完形填空 文體特點(diǎn) 1.記敘文一般都有較為完整的六個(gè)要素， 即時(shí) 間，地點(diǎn)，人物，事件（經(jīng)過(guò)），原因，結(jié)果。 2. 記敘文敘事方式有所不同，有的記敘文按照時(shí)間順 序敘述，最后點(diǎn)破故事的結(jié)局，有的記敘文采取倒敘的手法，先點(diǎn)明故事的結(jié)局和影響，然后再敘述故事的 發(fā)生和發(fā)展。 3.記敘文往往有較強(qiáng)的故事趣味性，有情節(jié)跌宕起伏和情感細(xì)膩?zhàn)兓忍攸c(diǎn)，信息量很大。作者在敘述過(guò)程中往往會(huì)融入人物的語(yǔ)言、行為、心理的描寫，這在一定程度上增加了考生理解文章的難度。 方法點(diǎn)撥 1. 理清文章的結(jié)構(gòu)形式 為了敘述方便，作者通常會(huì)按時(shí)間先后順序或空間順序等方式來(lái)安排情節(jié)和內(nèi)容。2. 明確作者的寫作目

2、的 就事論事一般不是記敘的目的，作者的目的是通過(guò)敘述事情闡明一個(gè)道理，因此作為讀者我們必須考慮到這一點(diǎn)。只有弄清楚作者的寫作目的，才能更加準(zhǔn)確地抓住文章的主題。4.弄清文章是以第幾人稱的視角展開記敘的 通常英語(yǔ)記敘文會(huì)以兩個(gè)視角即第一人稱和第三人稱展開記敘。用第一人稱就是從“參與者”的角度進(jìn)行記敘，讀者可從字里行間感受到作者親切的態(tài)度和深厚的感情。用第三人稱就是以“觀察者”的身份展開敘述，作者的語(yǔ)氣客觀，與讀者保持著一定的距離，讀者的注意力更多集中在故事本身，了解了作者的寫作角度有助于我們走進(jìn)作者的思維，深入理解文章的意義。3. 知曉文章所記敘的幾大要素。 人物、事件、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因和結(jié)果等

3、要素是記敘文的基本組成部分，一般不能缺少。弄清了這六個(gè)要素，基本上就理解了整篇文章。 Whenever we hear about “the homeless”, most of us think of the Developing world. But the 36 is that homelessness is everywhere. For example, how many of us would expect to see people living on the streets of a 37 country like Germany?Kurt Muller and his wif

4、e Rita have spent eleven years making 38 for the homeless of Berlin, Germanys capital. 由高考題說(shuō)起2012山東高考36. A. result B. truth C. reason D. idea37. A. traditional B. developing C. typical D. wealthy38. A. preparations B. houses C. meals D. suggestions They first 39 one long hot summer when most Germans

5、 were 40 on holiday. Kurt and his wife stayed at home, made sandwiches, 41 a table in the street and gave food to the homeless. The Mullers soon realized that food and clothing werent 42 . “What these people also need is warmth and 43 ,” says Rita. The Mullers didnt 44 to give their phone number to

6、the street people and told them to phone anytime. 39. A. began B. met C. called D. left 40. A. asleep B. alone C. across D. away41. A. brought up B. set up C. put aside D. gave away C. helpful D. expensive 43. A. fame B. freedom C. courage D. caring 44. A. hesitate B. agree C. pretend D. intend45. A

7、. make sense B. found out C. make sure D. worked out 46. A. open B. crowded C. noisy D. near47. A. costing B. wasting C. taking D. spending48. A. pay for B. ask for C. look into D. carry outRita 45 there was somebody at home to answer the phone and their home was always 46 to anyone who couldnt face

8、 another night on the street. The couple were soon 47 all their time and money, so Kurt visited food and clothing companies to 48 donations. Today, over thirty companies 49 donate food and other goods to the cause and volunteers help to 50 them to the homeless. The public also give clothes and money

9、 and a shoe producer 51 new shoes. Kurt and Rita receive no 52 for their hard work. “ We feel like parents,” says Rita, “and 49. A. completely B. calmly C. regularly D. roughly 50. A. advertise B. sell C. deliver D. lend 51. A.donates B.produces C. designs D. collects 52. A. permission B. payment C.

10、 direction D. supportparents shouldnt 53 money for helping their children. The love we get on the streets is our salary.” Though Rita admits she often gets 54 . She says she will continue with her work because she likes the feeling of having made a 55 in the world. 53. A. borrow B. raise C. save D.

11、expect 54. A. surprised B. excited C. tired D. amused 55. A. profit B. difference C. decision D. rule讀懂文章是解題的關(guān)鍵(如何讀) 1速讀文章，了解文章大意 Whats the passage mainly about?The passage mainly tells us that a Germany couple try their best to help the homeless of Berlin. They give food as well as love and caring

12、to the homeless. Through their efforts, many companies and volunteers join them. 2精讀文章，理清細(xì)枝末節(jié)(完成下面框圖) 時(shí)間地點(diǎn)人物事件eleven yearsBerlinKurt Muller and his wifeHelping the homelessMaking meals for the poorGiving them warmth and caring Many companies and volunteers join them 解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：這是一篇記敘文。當(dāng)我們談到“無(wú)家可歸”時(shí)，我們就想到了發(fā)

13、展中國(guó)家，但是，就像德國(guó)這么發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家，在大街上也隨處看到無(wú)家可歸的人。一對(duì)有愛(ài)心的德國(guó)夫婦舍棄了外出度假的時(shí)光，為那些無(wú)家可歸的人做飯，提供住宿。后來(lái)，花完了自己的積蓄，他們還向公司求助，讓更多的人們關(guān)注那些無(wú)家可歸的人。讓這個(gè)世界多一份關(guān)愛(ài)，少一份痛苦。答案解析考向歸位：考查名詞詞義辨析及上下文語(yǔ)義理解。技巧應(yīng)用：代入法。根據(jù)前后語(yǔ)境可推知事實(shí)是無(wú)家可歸的 到處都有， But 是關(guān)鍵提示語(yǔ)。 Whenever we hear about “the homeless”, most of us think of the Developing world. But the 36 is that

14、homelessness is everywhere.36. A. result B. truth C. reason D. idea解析：result結(jié)果；truth事實(shí)；reason原因；idea想法，主意。 but表轉(zhuǎn)折，句型the truth is that意為“事實(shí)上”。句意：每當(dāng)我們聽(tīng)到無(wú)家可歸這個(gè)詞，我們大多數(shù)人就會(huì)想 到發(fā)展中國(guó)家。但事實(shí)是無(wú)家可歸的到處都有。答案：B考向歸位：考查形容詞詞義辨析及上下文語(yǔ)義理解。技巧應(yīng)用：代入法和邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)上文和常識(shí)可知，“一個(gè)像 德國(guó)這么富有的國(guó)家”，與前文的for example和后面 的like Germany一致。 For exam

15、ple, how many of us would expect to see people living on the streets of a 37 country like Germany?37. A.traditional B. developing C. typical D. wealthy解析：此處traditional傳統(tǒng)的；developing發(fā)展中的； typical典型的；wealthy富裕的。我們有多少人想看到 一個(gè)像德國(guó)這么富有的國(guó)家也有人住在大街上。答案：D考向歸位：考查上下文語(yǔ)義理解。技巧應(yīng)用：近義詞照應(yīng)法。下文出現(xiàn)sandwiches， food等詞 匯，因此可以

16、利用近義詞照應(yīng)法。 Kurt Muller and his wife Rita have spent eleven years making 38 for the homeless of Berlin, Germanys capital.38. A. preparations B. houses C. meals 解析：根據(jù)后文made sandwiches and gave food to the homeless. 可知：他們?cè)跒闊o(wú)家可歸者做飯。答案：C 考向歸位：考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析及上下文語(yǔ)義理解。技巧應(yīng)用：代入法。根據(jù)上句提到他們?yōu)闊o(wú)家可歸者提供食 物有十一年了，所以此處應(yīng)該表達(dá)何時(shí)開始

17、，且此 處first也是提示。They first 39 one long hot summer when most Germans were 40 on holiday.39. A. began B. met C. called D. left解析：此處met遇到；left離開；called打 ；叫；began開 始。他們從一個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)而炎熱的夏天開始的。答案：A 考向歸位：考查上下文語(yǔ)義理解。技巧應(yīng)用：反義詞對(duì)照法和邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)后面的Kurt and his wife stayed at home，此處是作一對(duì)比，且后面的on holiday 也是提示。 They first 39 one

18、long hot summer when most Germans were 40 on holiday.40. A. asleep B. alone C. across D. away解析：此處asleep睡著的；alone獨(dú)自的；across穿過(guò)；away 離開，遠(yuǎn)去。他們從一個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)而炎熱的夏天開始，而此 時(shí)大多數(shù)德國(guó)人都外出度假了。答案：D考向歸位：考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析及上下文語(yǔ)義理解。 技巧應(yīng)用：搭配照應(yīng)法。根據(jù)空格后a table和整個(gè)句子的意思 可知，此處表示“支起桌子”供人們吃飯。故用set up。Kurt and his wife stayed at home, made sa

19、ndwiches, 41 a table in the street and gave food to the homeless. 41. A. brought up B. set up C. put aside D. gave away解析：此處set up安裝；布置；臨時(shí)搭起； put aside儲(chǔ)存；撇 開；bring up提出；撫養(yǎng)；gave away無(wú)償贈(zèng)送；暴露。 Kurt和他的妻子呆在家里做三明治，他們?cè)诮稚喜贾煤?桌子，給無(wú)家可歸者提供食物。答案：B 考向歸位：考查形容詞詞義辨析及上下文語(yǔ)義的理解。 技巧應(yīng)用：代入法和邏輯關(guān)系。此處與空格后“What these people

20、also need is”前后照應(yīng)，因此可推知只有食物和衣服并不夠 。 The Mullers soon realized that food and clothing werent 42 .42. A. enough B. necessary C. helpful D. expensive解析：此處enough足夠的；necessary必須的；helpful有幫助的； expensive昂貴的。根據(jù)空格后“What these people also need is” 可知“穆勒夫婦意識(shí)到只 有食物和衣服并不夠”。答案： A考向歸位：考查名詞詞義辨析及及上下文語(yǔ)義理解。 技巧應(yīng)用：邏輯關(guān)系和

21、搭配照應(yīng)法。承接上句，由語(yǔ)境可知此 處所選詞應(yīng)與warmth并列，前后照應(yīng)，因此用caring ，“溫暖和關(guān)懷”。 “What these people also need is warmth and 43 ,” says Rita.43. A. fame B. freedom C. courage D. caring解析：承接上句而來(lái)，fame是“名譽(yù)；名聲”；freedom是“自 由”；courage是“勇氣”，句意為：他們也需要溫暖和關(guān) 懷。名詞caring意為“關(guān)心；關(guān)懷”，符合句意。答案：D 考向歸位：考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析及上下文語(yǔ)義的理解。技巧應(yīng)用：代入法和搭配照應(yīng)法。根據(jù)空格前面有d

22、idnt，構(gòu) 成didnt hesitate to，表示“很愿意；毫不猶豫地”之意，再根據(jù)后文told them to phone anytime, 可知穆勒夫婦很愿意把 號(hào)碼給那些街上需要幫助的人。 The Mullers didnt 44 to give their phone number to the street people and told them to phone anytime.44. A. hesitate B. agree C. pretend D. intend解析：此處hesitate猶豫； agree同意；pretend假裝；intend 打算，想要。句意為穆勒夫

23、婦毫不猶豫地把 號(hào)碼給 那些街上的人，并告訴他們隨時(shí)給他打 。；選項(xiàng)B 和D的意義與后文矛盾；pretend是“假裝”之意，不符合 句意。答案：A 考向歸位：考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析及上下文語(yǔ)義的理解。 技巧應(yīng)用：代入法和邏輯關(guān)系。承接上句而來(lái)，前后照應(yīng)，前 面說(shuō)到穆勒夫婦把 號(hào)碼給街上的人，因此此處應(yīng)是：Rita 確定家里有人隨時(shí)接 。 Rita 45 there was somebody at home to answer the phone and their home was always 46 to anyone who couldnt face another night on the

24、 street. 45. A. make sense B. found out C. make sure D. worked out解析：make sense意為“有道理”；find out是“找出；查明”； work out是“算出；制定”， make sure意為“確定”，根 據(jù)語(yǔ)境Rita確定家里有人隨時(shí)接 。答案：C 考向歸位：考查形容詞詞義辨析及上下文語(yǔ)義的理解。 技巧應(yīng)用：搭配照應(yīng)法。be open to意為“對(duì)某人是敞開的； 對(duì)開放”。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境也可推知。 Rita 45 there was somebody at home to answer the phone and t

25、heir home was always 46 to anyone who couldnt face another night on the street. 46. A. open B. crowded C. noisy D. near解析：此處open開放的；crowded擁擠的；noisy嘈雜的； near附近的。根據(jù)上下文可知穆勒夫婦也把家提供給那 些無(wú)家可歸的人投宿。答案：A 考向歸位：考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析及上下文語(yǔ)義的理解。 技巧應(yīng)用：搭配照應(yīng)法。根據(jù)空格后面的their time and money, 可知應(yīng)用spend，表示花費(fèi)金錢和時(shí)間。 The couple were soon

26、 47 all their time and money, so Kurt visited food and clothing companies to 48 donations.47. A. costing B. wasting C. taking D. spending解析：此處用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。表示 穆勒夫婦馬上就要花完他們的時(shí)間和金錢了。選項(xiàng)中， waste的詞意不符合句意；cost意為“花費(fèi)”，但主語(yǔ)不 能是sb；take也可表示“花費(fèi)”，但其主語(yǔ)一般是sth.或 形式主語(yǔ)it。根據(jù)空格后面的their time and money, 可 知應(yīng)用spend。答案

27、：D 考向歸位：考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析及上下文語(yǔ)義的理解。 技巧應(yīng)用：代入法和邏輯關(guān)系。承接上句，根據(jù)上文提到花光錢所以去食品公司和服裝公司尋求捐助。 The couple were soon 47 all their time and money, so Kurt visited food and clothing companies to 48 donations.48. A. pay for B. ask for C. look into D. carry out解析：動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)ask for意為“請(qǐng)求”，pay for是“支付”；look into是“調(diào)查”； carry out意為“貫徹

28、；執(zhí)行”，都不符合 句意。答案：B考向歸位：考查副詞詞義辨析。 技巧應(yīng)用：代入法。把其他三項(xiàng)代入文章，都不符合語(yǔ)境且句 意不通順。 Today, over thirty companies 49 donate food and other goods to the cause and volunteers help to 50 them to the homeless.49. A. completely B. calmly C. regularly D. roughly解析：此處completely完全地；完整地；calmly平靜地；鎮(zhèn)定 地； regularly經(jīng)常性的，定期的；roughl

29、y粗略地；粗 暴地。根據(jù)上下文可知，現(xiàn)在三十多家公司定期地為他 們的事業(yè)捐贈(zèng)食品和其他物品。只有regularly符合語(yǔ)境。答案：C 考向歸位：考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析及對(duì)上下文語(yǔ)義的理解。 技巧應(yīng)用：代入法。承接上句，且根據(jù)該句volunteers help to 50 them to the homeless.只有 deliver 符合語(yǔ)境。 Today, over thirty companies 49 donate food and other goods to the cause and volunteers help to 50 them to the homeless.50. A. ad

30、vertise B. sell C. deliver D. lend 解析：advertise是“作廣告”；lend是“借”；sell是“賣”， deliver意為“傳送；遞送”，句意為：志愿者幫助向無(wú)家 可歸者分發(fā)這些食品物品。答案：C考向歸位：考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析及學(xué)生對(duì)上下文語(yǔ)義的理解。 技巧應(yīng)用：原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)照應(yīng)法。上文多次提到donate， donations，可以利用上下文的同一詞復(fù)現(xiàn)照應(yīng)法。 The public also give clothes and money and a shoe producer 51 new shoes. 51. A. donate B. produces

31、C. designs D. collects 解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境此處表達(dá)的應(yīng)該是：公眾也給衣服和錢，而且 一家制鞋商捐贈(zèng)新鞋。動(dòng)詞donate意為“捐贈(zèng)”，符合句 意；其他選項(xiàng)中，produce是“生產(chǎn)”；design是“設(shè) 計(jì)”；collect意為“收集”，都不符合句意。答案：A 考向歸位：考查名詞詞義辨析及學(xué)生對(duì)上下文語(yǔ)義的理解。 技巧應(yīng)用：近義詞照應(yīng)法。下文提到不該要錢，且 The love we get on the streets is our salary， salary與payment也相 互對(duì)應(yīng)。 Kurt and Rita receive no 52 for their hard work.52. A. permission B. payment C. direction D. support解析：此處permission允許；許可； payment報(bào)酬；付款； direction方向；support支持。根據(jù)下文可知