七年級英語下：Unit 6 Finding the Way lesson 3 and lesson 4重難點解析教科版

1、PAGE 用心 愛心 專心Unit 6 Finding the WayLesson 3 大聲讀單詞1. painting n. 畫2. government n. 政府3. carry v. 攜帶，運送重點詞匯1. painting 要點：n. 繪畫，油畫 traditional Chinese painting 中國畫知識拓展：paint + ingpaint n. (1)油漆；顏料Theres paint on your clothes. 你衣服上有油漆。(2)化妝；化妝品She brought a box of paints to school. 她帶了一盒化妝品去學(xué)校。v t, vi(

2、1)給上油漆He painted the wall yellow. 他把墻漆成黃色。She painted the window sills a bright colour. 她把窗臺漆上鮮艷的顏色。(2)（用顏料等）繪，畫 paint a landscape 繪一幅風(fēng)景畫I paint a lot of pictures. 我畫了許多畫。(3)描寫；描繪Their letters paint a wonderful picture of their life in Singapore. (喻)他們的信描述了他們在新加坡生活的有趣情景。2. government 要點：n. 政府 The Go

3、vernment is / are planning new tax increases. 政府正打算提高征稅額。3. carry 要點：v. (1) to take from one place to another攜帶，運送 These bags carry easily.這些包便于攜帶。This wonderful plane can carry seven passengers. 這架奇妙的飛機能載七名乘客。That pipe carries water. 那管子是送水用的。Pipes carry oil across the desert. 管道將石油輸送過沙漠。to support

4、 the weight of, to bear 支撐；支持 This pillar carries the whole roof. 這根柱子支撐著整個屋頂。（三）重點解析：被動語態(tài)1）什么是語態(tài)？英語句子中謂語動詞除了有時態(tài)之外，還有語態(tài)，表示主語和謂語的不同關(guān)系，這就是謂語動詞所處的狀態(tài)，即動詞的語態(tài)。英語動詞的語態(tài)主要有兩種，即主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。(1)什么是主動語態(tài)？當(dāng)謂語動詞的動作是由主語發(fā)出時，叫做“主動語態(tài)”，這時主語是動作的發(fā)出者，即動作的執(zhí)行者，其正常語序為“主 + 謂 + 賓”。(2)什么是被動語態(tài)？當(dāng)謂語動詞的動作不是主語發(fā)出時，叫做“被動語態(tài)”，這時句子中的主語不是謂語動

5、詞動作的發(fā)出者，而是承受者，其實質(zhì)是將主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)句子的主語，同時將主動語態(tài)句子中的謂語動詞部分變?yōu)?“be + 動詞的過去分詞”形式，充當(dāng)被動語態(tài)句子的謂語成分。2）為什么要使用被動語態(tài)？【核心概念】英語語言的根本特征之一是：主次分明，開門見山。被動語態(tài)正是使句意重心按這一特征把要突出的信息放在句首，把次要的信息放在句尾，或省略。完成這一任務(wù)仍需要對謂語動詞的詞形進行變化。當(dāng)我們不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或沒必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時，或我們更關(guān)心動作的承受者時，應(yīng)使用被動語態(tài)。英語中被動語態(tài)用的比漢語中的多，這是由英語語言的特點決定的。3）被動語態(tài)的用法：(1)不知道誰是動作的

6、執(zhí)行者，用被動語態(tài)。例： My watch was stolen.我的手表被竊。(2)沒有必要或不想指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，用被動語態(tài)。 例：This hat was made in China.這頂帽子是中國制造的。例：The bicycles must not be put here.這兒不準(zhǔn)放自行車。(3)強調(diào)或突出動作的承受者時，用被動語態(tài)。例： The letter was posted.信寄了。例：He cannot be relied on.他不可靠。(4)出于禮貌、措辭等原因不愿說出動作的執(zhí)行者，用被動語態(tài)。例：Anyone who sees the lion is asked

7、to telephone the zoo and the police.有誰看見這只獅子，請給動物園和警方打電話。You are wished to do it more carefully.希望你認(rèn)真一點做。(5)為使句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡練、緊湊，上下連貫，也即出于行文的需要，用被動語態(tài)。例：When he was still a young man, he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons. 他年輕時，就由于政治原因被迫離開了祖國。例：Lenin often talked to his comrades and was al

8、ways listened to attentively.列寧經(jīng)常和同志們談話，同志們總是留心傾聽。(6)在文章標(biāo)題、廣告、新聞等中常用省略助動詞be的被動語態(tài)。例：Telephone call placed.(TCP)電話接通了。（省略了has been）Girls Wanted.招女工。（廣告用語，省略了are）Road Blocked.道路堵塞。（新聞報道，省略了is）4）主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的基本表現(xiàn)形式： 【規(guī)則總結(jié)】(1)將主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳渲械闹髡Z。如：I bought a computer yesterday. A computer was bought yesterda

9、y.(2)將主動結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語動詞部分變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)“be + 過去分詞”形式。如：I bought a computer yesterday. A computer was bought yesterday.(3)將主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語變?yōu)楸粍泳渲小癰y”的賓語，組成介詞短語，放在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中謂語動詞之后。若動作的執(zhí)行者無需說明或不必強調(diào)時，by組成的短語就可省略。如：My brother bought a computer yesterday. A computer was bought by my brother yesterday.(4)變?yōu)楸粍泳浜笤渲袝r態(tài)不變。其中，第一動詞反映謂語動作結(jié)束涉

10、及的時間點，語態(tài)助動詞be反映謂語動作的完成程度（進行中動作用being，已經(jīng)完成動作即完成式用been）。如：I bought a computer yesterday. A computer was bought yesterday.(5)有直接賓語和間接賓語的主動結(jié)構(gòu)，變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，可以將其中一個賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)中的主語，另一個不動。一般是將主動結(jié)構(gòu)的間接賓語（指人的賓語）變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)的主語；如果將主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的直接賓語（指物的賓語）變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，間接賓語（指人）之前則應(yīng)加介詞to（可省略）或for（一般不可省略）。與介詞to搭配的動詞有：give, show, bring, l

11、end, send(寄、送)等。與for 搭配的動詞有：buy, make, draw(畫畫)等。如：We gave them some books. They were given some books.(變間接賓語為主語)或 Some books were given (to)them.（變直接賓語為主語）(6)主動結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果賓語是that從句，變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時可用it作被動句的形式主語或把主動句中賓語從句的主語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，賓語從句中的謂語部分變?yōu)閯釉~不定式短語。如：They said that Tom would visit the Great Wall next Sunday.他

12、們說湯姆下星期天要游覽長城。It was said that Tom would visit the Great Wall next Sunday.據(jù)說湯姆下星期天要游覽長城?；?Tom was said to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.(7)有賓語補足語的主動句子，賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z之后，賓語補足語成為了主語補足語，原來的位置一般不變。但如果賓語補足語是不帶to的動詞不定式，句子變成被動語態(tài)后則要加to，以便將兩個動詞隔開。如：We keep food cold in the fridge.我們用電冰箱保鮮食品。Food is kept cold i

13、n the fridge.Every day the tiger made one of the smaller animals bring him something to eat.老虎每天強迫一個小動物給他帶吃的東西來。Every day one of the smaller animals was made to bring the tiger something to eat.(8)短語動詞在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中有一個不可分割的詞組，在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中也是如此，不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。如：The nurse takes good care of the children.阿姨精心地照顧小孩。The

14、children are taken good care of by the nurse.孩子們受到阿姨的精心照顧。A notice will be put up on the wall.墻上將張貼一張布告。The Partys policy has been successfully carried out.黨的政策得以很好的貫徹執(zhí)行。All applications should be handed in before Saturday.所有申請書應(yīng)該在星期六以前交上來。This question has been much talked about recently.這個問題最近談?wù)摰煤?/p>

15、多。The English evening has been put off till Friday.英語晚會已延期到星期五舉行。5)比較各種時態(tài)中的主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)：主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時：He teaches English. English is taught by him.一般過去時：He taught English. English was taught by him.一般將來時：He will teach English. English will be taught by him.一般過去將來時：He would teach English. English would

16、 be taught by him.現(xiàn)在進行時：He is teaching English. English is being taught by him.過去進行時：He was teaching English. English was being taught by him.現(xiàn)在完成時：He has taught English. English has been taught by him.過去完成時：He had taught English. English had been taught by him.6)主動形式表示被動意義：有些不及物動詞（其主語大都指物）的主動語態(tài)可以表示

17、被動意義。(1)某些動詞如feel, taste, smell, sound, look等。例：The flowers smell sweet.這花很香。The bamboo chair feels cool.這個竹椅摸起來很涼快。His theory sounded reasonable.他的理論聽起來有些道理。(2)某些與cant, wont等連用的不及物動詞。例：It cant move.它不能動。The baby cant walk yet.這個嬰兒還不會走。The door wont lock.這扇門鎖不上。The window wont close.這扇窗戶關(guān)不上。This pho

18、tograph wont probably enlarge well.這張照片放大出來很可能效果不好。(3)某些可和well, easily, quickly，not, hardly, badly, nicely等副詞連用的不及物動詞，如lock, open, read, sell, teach, translate, wash, write等，用來說明主語的性質(zhì)特征而不是強調(diào)被執(zhí)行的動作時，用主動形式表達(dá)被動意義，例：The cloth washes very well.這布料很好洗。Some kinds of food assimilate（吸收） easily.有些種類的食物容易被吸收。

19、This kind of rice cooks more quickly than that kind.這種米飯比那種熟得快。The poem translates well.這首詩翻譯得很好。The cloth washes easily.這種布料容易洗。Bikes of that kind hardly sell.那種自行車很難賣出。(4)某些可用于“主+謂+主補”結(jié)構(gòu)中的不及物動詞。例：This material has worn thin.這種布料已磨薄了。The door blew open.門被吹開了。(5)有些不及物動詞的進行時也具有被動意義。例：Prices are advan

20、cing.物價在上漲。Corn is selling briskly.谷物暢銷。(6)動名詞在be worth doing句型中主動形式表示被動意義。例：The book is worth reading.這本書值得讀。It is hardly worth talking about.這不足掛齒。(7)動名詞在need, want, require等動詞后，主動形式表達(dá)被動含義。例：My watch needs repairing.我的表需要修理了。The problem requires dealing with immediately.這個問題要馬上處理。7)“被動語態(tài)”與“主系表”句型的

21、區(qū)別。當(dāng)系表結(jié)構(gòu)為“系動詞 + 用作表語的過去分詞”時，它與被動語態(tài)的形式完全一樣，于是就有一個如何區(qū)分的問題。總的來說，它們有以下幾點區(qū)別：(1)被動語態(tài)中的過去分詞是動詞，表動作；系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，表狀態(tài)。例：The composition was written by Adams.這篇作文是亞當(dāng)斯寫的。（被動語態(tài)）。These articles are all sold out.這些貨物全部售出了。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）(2)被動語態(tài)可用by短語表示動作的執(zhí)行者；系表結(jié)構(gòu)一般不用by短語。例： The window was broken by the boy who lives n

22、ext door.窗戶是被住在隔壁的男孩打壞的。（被動語態(tài)）The question is settled.這個問題解決了。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）(3)系表結(jié)構(gòu)一般只用于一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時；被動語態(tài)則除可用于上述兩種時態(tài)外，還可用于其它時態(tài)。例：The flowers will be planted next week.下周種花。（被動語態(tài)）Museums are closed to the public on Mondays.博物館每逢周一閉館。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）(4)系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞可被very修飾；被動語態(tài)中的過去分詞可用much修飾。例：He was very agitated(adj.激動的

23、).他很激動。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）He was much agitated by the news.這消息使他很激動。(5)被動語態(tài)只有被動意義；而系表結(jié)構(gòu)在下列情況下可表主動意義：過去分詞表示心理感情：例：She is resolved（adj.下定決心的） to become a ballet dancer. 她決心當(dāng)一名芭蕾舞演員。I am quite puzzled.我十分困惑。過去分詞是反身動詞：例：The open square was bathed in light.寬闊的廣場沐浴在陽光中。The way was lost between the trees.小路消失在樹林中。過去分詞與介詞搭配：例：She was scared out of her wits. 她嚇得不知所措。Are you interested in this subject? 你對這門課感興趣嗎？