陜西省咸陽市永壽中學(xué)2021屆高三英語上學(xué)期開學(xué)考試試題含解析

1、陜西省咸陽市永壽中學(xué)2021屆高三英語上學(xué)期開學(xué)考試試題含解析陜西省咸陽市永壽中學(xué)2021屆高三英語上學(xué)期開學(xué)考試試題含解析PAGE PAGE - 39 -陜西省咸陽市永壽中學(xué)2021屆高三英語上學(xué)期開學(xué)考試試題含解析陜西省咸陽市永壽中學(xué)2021屆高三英語上學(xué)期開學(xué)考試試題（含解析）第一部分:聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié) （共5小題,每小題1。5分,滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話.每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1。 What do we know a

2、bout the man?A. He hasnt eaten any sandwich yet.B。 He thinks the first sandwich is better。C. Hes too full to eat another sandwich.2。 Why are the neighbors moving out？A。 They dont like the flat.B. They cant afford the high rent。C。 The landlord doesnt mean what he says.3。 How did the man hear about th

3、e fire？A。 Over the phone. B。 On the television。 C。 In the newspaper.4. Where is the woman going first？A。 To the cinema. B. To the concert。 C。 To the bank.5。 What are the two speakers going to do tomorrow afternoon?A。 Go shopping.B. Return to the beach.C。 Pay a visit to Joe and Linda。第二節(jié) （共15小題,每小題1.

4、5分,滿分22。5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置.聽每段對話或獨白前，你都有時間閱讀各個小題， 每小題5秒鐘.聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6至第7小題。6. Where does this conversation take place?A. At an airport. B。 At a seaport。 C. At a railway station.7。 How soon will the man get on board？A. In about 1

5、0 minutes。 B. In about 20 minutes。 C。 In about 30 minutes。聽第7段材料,回答第8至第10小題。8. What colour of carpet does the man suggest?A. Blue. B. White。 C. Green。9。 What is the possible result the woman worries about？A。 She cant return the carpet if she doesnt like it.B. She cant decide the right colour for the

6、 carpet.C。 She cant afford the high price of the carpet.10. Where does this conversation most probably take place?A。 In a store. B。 In the street。 C. In the womans house。聽第8段材料，回答第11至第13小題。11. What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers？A。 Friends。 B. Strangers. C。 Neighbours。12。

7、 What are the two speakers talking about？A. Their habits。 B. Their families。 C。 Their neighbours.13。 What is the mans trouble？A。 He cant give up smoking.B. Hes often disturbed at night。C。 He has no house of his own。聽第9段材料，回答第14至第17小題。14. What is the possible relationship between the two speakers？A。

8、Mother and son. B。 Captain and player. C. Teacher and student.15. What is the womans main purpose of talking to the man?A。 To learn what he does every day。B. To help him to manage his time better.C. To suggest making full use of his spare time.16。 How long does the man work at the supermarket every

9、day?A。 2 hours. B。 3 hours. C。 4 hours。l7。 What does the man agree to give up?A. Doing a parttime job。B。 Having football practice.C. Working at the student center.聽第10段材料，回答第18至第20小題。18。 What is the man？A. A sports trainer。 B. A radio reporter。 C。 A ball player.19。 What is the man describing?A. A fo

10、otball game。 B。 A volleyball game。 C。 A basketball game。20。 Which is the winning team？A。 Germany. B. England。 C。 Spain。第二部分： 閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，共計40分）第一節(jié) （共15小題，每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列四篇短文，從每小題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑。ASupply Primary Teachers NeededWe work with a group of Good and Excellent schools locate

11、d across London。 We are looking for excellent teachers who have a passion for teaching and are looking for new opportunities。About Supply TeachingSupply teaching gives you the freedom and flexibility to work at a variety of different schools. You have the option of dayto-day supply or long-term supp

12、ly, which could lead to a full time employment。You would be required to have a great understanding of the primary curriculum(課程）。 If you have experience， then please dont hesitate to apply.You would be working with students who have varied needs.We are looking for able and devoted teachers who are a

13、ble to teach and engage with the whole class while teaching。Supply roles are great for experienced teachers and newly qualified teachers looking to gain experience.Key ResponsibilitiesTo teach effective lessons that inspire and lead to rapid progress from all students。To plan and prepare effective s

14、chemes of work and lessons.To use regular assessments to set targets for students， and monitor their progress。To maintain regular and productive communication with students and parents.The Perfect CandidateMust hold a university diploma.Able to work well within a team。Strong understanding of the pri

15、mary curriculum。Able to create interesting and engaging lessons for students。Deadline： Apply by Thursday, 4th January 2018 at 9 am。Contact UsPlease dont hesitate to contact us at ASQ Education。If you feel like this is not quite the right role for you， please still contact us at ASQ Education, we hav

16、e a variety of roles in Primary and Secondary School.1. What main duties should a supply teacher take？A. Plan， prepare and teach effective lessons。B。 Guide students to experience after-school activities。C。 Set targets to become a full time employee。D. Make sure of the students freedom and flexibilit

17、y.2. Which of the following is not suitable to be a supply teacher？A。 One who has a clear idea of primary curriculumB。 One who has great passion for teaching.C。 One who has teaching experience。D. One who likes working alone。3. If you want to apply for the position， you should _。A。 have humorous pers

18、onalityB。 apply before 4th January 2018 at 9 amC。 contact the schools located across London directlyD. prepare a lesson and communicate with parents in advance【答案】1。 A 2. D 3。 B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是一則代課教師的招聘啟示，主要介紹了其工作內(nèi)容、職責(zé)、招聘條件及聯(lián)系方式.【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)“Key Responsibilities”部分內(nèi)容“To teach effective lessons

19、 that inspire and lead to rapid progress from all students.(教授有效的、能鼓舞并讓全體學(xué)生快速進(jìn)步的課程）”及“To plan and prepare effective schemes of work and lessons。(計劃并準(zhǔn)備有效的工作和課程方案)”可知，計劃、籌備并進(jìn)行有效的教學(xué)是老師的主要職責(zé)之一,故選A項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“The Perfect Candidate部分“Able to work well within a team.”可知，作為一名代課教師,應(yīng)該有團(tuán)隊合作精神，所以D項“喜歡獨自工作的

20、人”不適合作為作為代課教師。故選D項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“Deadline： Apply by Thursday， 4th January 2018 at 9 am?！笨芍?最后截止日期是2018年1月4日周四上午9點，所以如果項申請這個職位，要在此日期之前，故選B項?！军c睛】BToday, I felt terriblemy head was full of problems and confusion。 I decided to take a walk even though I didnt know where I would go。 The most extraordin

21、ary thing happened when I was out on this walk. I saw an old man sitting on a chair。 He was a seller of second-hand shoes. He seemed so tired and nobody was buying his shoes.I wanted to give him something but I had not brought anything with me. Then, a little girl came toward him. I heard the child

22、say， “Grandfather， may I polish your shoes? That old man took pity on her, smiled and he gave her a shoe to polish。 The girl said, “I polish the shoe because I need money to buy my brother a new school uniform.” The old man answered， “Oh, little girl。 Just stop doing this。 Come with me and I will bu

23、y you a uniform?！盩hen they walked to a market (I followed behind） and he bought her a uniform. The girl was so happy. She said, “Thank you so much for doing this。 Then she left， leaving the old man smiling. He walked away from the market, but I stopped him.I whispered in his ear, “You are a hero! Th

24、ank you for your kindness!” As I walked away, I glanced back and I could see him still smiling. I was blown away by the kindness I had just seen。 Someone who had so little himself was able to show such incredible generosity! Amazing!My own sadness had completely disappeared, chased away by the light

25、 of this kind act。 I began realizing that I have a lot to be thankful for.4. Why did the girl want to polish shoes for the old man?A。 To support the old mans business。B. To show her pity on the old man.C。 To earn money to buy something to her brother.D. To attract the attention of passersby to buy m

26、ore shoes。5。 What can we know about the old man from the passage?A。 He has not enough to eat and wear。B。 He is very cold to others。C。 He is a kind and generous man。D。 He is in a poor health condition.6。 What words can be described the girls character?A. Friendly and caring。B. Greedy and kind。C. Enth

27、usiastic and impatient。D. Mean and sad。7。 What may the author learn from the old man？A。 Compared with helping others， personal sadness is not important.B。 One should live by ones own work not by others help。C。 One shouldnt look down upon the one who needs help.D。 Even though one has little， he shoul

28、d try to help others.【答案】4. C 5. C 6。 A 7. D【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者看見一個賣舊鞋的的可憐老人幫助了一個想通過擦鞋賺錢給哥哥買新校服的小女孩，老人這一善良慷慨的行為使作者的悲傷消失了?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中The girl said， “I polish the shoe because I need money to buy my brother a new school uniform?！?女孩說:“我擦鞋是因為我需要錢給我哥哥買一套新校服.可知，女孩想掙錢給她哥哥買東西因此給老人擦鞋。故選C項.【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題

29、。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中I was blown away by the kindness I had just seen. Someone who had so little himself was able to show such incredible generosity! 我被剛才看到的友善深深打動了.一個自己一無所有的人卻表現(xiàn)出令人難以置信的慷慨！可知，老人他是一個善良慷慨的人。故選C項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中The girl said, “I polish the shoe because I need money to buy my brother a new schoo

30、l uniform.” 女孩說:“我擦鞋是因為我需要錢給我哥哥買一套新校服。以及第三段中The girl was so happy。 She said， “Thank you so much for doing this.” 女孩很高興。她說：“非常感謝你所做的一切?？芍?這個女孩是友好和體貼人的.故選A項.【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中Someone who had so little himself was able to show such incredible generosity! 一個自己一無所有的人卻表現(xiàn)出令人難以置信的慷慨！以及最后一段中 I began realiz

31、ing that I have a lot to be thankful for. 我開始意識到我有很多事情要感謝?？芍?，從老人身上,作者可以學(xué)到“即使一個人一無所有，他也應(yīng)該設(shè)法幫助別人。的道理。故選D項.CAdults perform better when they have a lot to gain or lose。 But scientists did not know whether teens did too。 To find out， Insel asked 88 people between the ages of 13 and 20. She had them try a

32、 game. The participants looked at pictures of planets on a computer screen。 They had to click as fast as they could when they saw a planet with designs. They were not supposed to click if a planet had no designs.The participants could earn 20 cents for right answers but lose 10 cents for wrong ones.

33、 In other sessions， theyd get a dollar for right answers, and lose a half dollar for wrong ones。 Players of all ages wanted to win the money， and cared more about bigger rewards than smaller ones。As Insel expected, adults performed better when the stakes were high。 But teens 13 to 18 played just as

34、well whether they stood to win 20 cents or a dollar。 Only 19 or 20-year olds stepped up their game for the higher stakes.Insels team published this work November 28， 2017， in Nature Communications。Brains change and mature during adolescence。 And not all parts grow at the same rate. Insel was interes

35、ted in two areas in particular. One is deep inside the brain and just above the ears. Called the ventral striatum (腹側(cè)紋狀體）， it helps the brain calculate rewards. The ventral striatum becomes mature during the teen years.The brains prefrontal cortex (前額葉） takes longer to mature。 This area is important

36、 for planning and setting goals。 It may not mature until early adulthood.Nerve pathways think of them as the brains “wiring” - connect the ventral striatum and prefrontal cortex。 This lets the two regions communicate to make decisions. But because the prefrontal cortex matures later， the wiring betw

37、een the two may not be complete until adulthood。8。 Which of the following can explain Insels research？A。 Teens ignore key points in many aspects。B。 Adults behave better with higher rewards.C. Teens give more attention to exams than usual work.D。 Adults behave more maturely than children in every way

38、.9. What does the underlined word “stakes” refer to?A. The final results of games or experiments.B。 The things that can be gained or lost in races.C. The ambitions or energies that one experiences in games。D. The powers that make one feel less pressure or pain。10。 From the passage， we can know _.A。

39、the experiment aims to find out adults behaviour facing high stakesB。 teens have better performances in the first roundsC. adults care less about the experiment at firstD. adults and teens show differently with high stakes11. Which is the best title of the passage？A. Unlike adults, teens dont perfor

40、m better with high stakesB. Who perform better， adults or children？C。 Stakes are the key points in promoting ones passionD. Whether low stakes or high stakes， one behaves similarly【答案】8。 B 9. B 10. D 11. A【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要闡述了因為大腦中的前額葉發(fā)育不成熟，面對高和低風(fēng)險或賭注，青少年表現(xiàn)相差無幾,而成年人則面對高賭注，表現(xiàn)更好?！?題詳解】推理判斷題.根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句O

41、nly 19- or 20year olds stepped up their game for the higher stakes。（當(dāng)提高籌碼時,只有19歲或者20歲地孩子在游戲中表現(xiàn)更好）可推知，18歲的成年人在籌碼增大時，表現(xiàn)更好。故選B?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文可知，stakes在此處指實驗中提到的earn 20 cents for right answers but lose 10 cents for wrong ones(正確答案賺20美分,錯誤答案損失10美分）和get a dollar for right answers, and lose a half dollar

42、 for wrong ones.（正確答案得到1美元，錯誤答案損失0。5美元。），由此可推知，指比賽中的風(fēng)險或賭注。故選B?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章第三段第二句和第三句But teens 13 to 18 played just as well whether they stood to win 20 cents or a dollar。 Only 19- or 20-year olds stepped up their game for the higher stakes.可知，提高實驗地籌碼級別，成年人表現(xiàn)得更好,而13到18歲地孩子表現(xiàn)和原來無異。故選D?！?1題詳解】主旨大意

43、題.文章通過具體實驗，闡述了因為大腦中的前額葉發(fā)育不成熟，面對高和低風(fēng)險或賭注,青少年表現(xiàn)相差無幾，而成年人則面對高賭注，表現(xiàn)更好.A項：與成年人不同，青少年在高風(fēng)險情況下表現(xiàn)并不會更好.符合題意.故選A。DDriverless technology will soon enter another major global industry: shipping. Several companies recently announced plans to launch selfsailing ships to improve safety and efficiency.One of them i

44、s Norwegian chemical company Yara International。 Yara has designed to build an autonomous ship expected to launch next year. The ship is fully electric to reduce air pollution。 It is designed to carry containers normally transported by truck。 This means the ship will also improve road safety by repl

45、acing about 40,000 truck trips a year。Yara plans to operate the ships by remote control beginning sometime next year. By 2020, the ships should be loading and sailing themselves. Another company focusing on selfsailing ships is the worlds largest mining company， Australias BHP Billiton. The companys

46、 Vice President of Freight， Rashpal Bhatti， recently spoke about the technology。 He said, “I believe automation will be one of the biggest changes for shipping in the future.” Autonomous ships offer important chances to improve safety and provide better efficiency outcomes to the marine supply chain

47、. He added that selfsailing ships could become a reality within the next decade.Rolls-Royce, the British automobile and engine manufacturer， is also developing unmanned shipping technologies. Oskar Levander is the companys head of marine operations。 He told a conference last year, “This is happening

48、. Its not if, its when.”Several shipping companies have invested hundreds of millions of dollars to develop selfsailing ships expected to be used by 2025。 These ships will be equipped with technology to collect weather and sea data。 They will then use the data to plan out the safest， shortest and mo

49、st fuelefficient route.12. What advantages does the driverless ship have according to the passage？A. Environmental friendly.B. Without noise.C。 Low cost。D。 Having stronger ship body。13。 What can we learn from paragraph 3？A. Australias BHP Billiton is the worlds largest ship company.B。 The ships will

50、 work almost automatically by 2020.C。 Bhatti isnt sure of the future of driverless ship。D。 Selfsailing ships will be used in a couple of years。14. What attitude does Oskar Levander have to the new driverless ship？A。 Unsure。B。 Doubtful。C。 Sure.D。 Objective.15. Where is probably the passage taken from

51、？A A physics textbook.B。 A travel booklet.C. An advertisement。D。 A science report?！敬鸢浮?2. A 13。 B 14. C 15。 D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了無人駕駛技術(shù)在航運業(yè)的運用，一些公司宣布推出無人駕駛船只來提高航海安全和效率的計劃.【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第二段第三句“The ship is fully electric to reduce air pollution。(這艘船全部采用電動化以減少空氣污染。）”可知,無人駕駛的船只最大的優(yōu)勢在于減少空氣污染，所以其優(yōu)勢是環(huán)保

52、.故選A項?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“By 2020, the ships should be loading and sailing themselves.(預(yù)計到2020年，這些船可以實現(xiàn)自主裝船和航行。）”可知，到2020年，無人駕駛的輪船幾乎可以自動運行。故選B項?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句He told a conference last year， “This is happening。 Its not if, its when.”(去年，他在一次會議上指出：“這正在發(fā)生.沒有如果，只是時間問題?！保┛芍?，Oskar Levander認(rèn)為無人駕駛

53、的船只是一定會出現(xiàn)的，只是時間的問題。所以O(shè)skar Levander對無人駕駛輪船的態(tài)度是肯定的.故選C項.【15題詳解】推理判斷題。通斷全文，并結(jié)合文章第一句“Driverless technology will soon enter another major global industry: shipping.(無人駕駛技術(shù)將很快進(jìn)入全球另一個重要工業(yè)：航運業(yè).)”可知,文章主要介紹了無人駕駛技術(shù)在航運業(yè)的運用,很多公司宣布推出無人駕駛船只來提高航海安全和效率的計劃，所以可能摘自一篇科技報道。故選D項?！军c睛】第二節(jié) (共5小題,每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選

54、出能填入空白處的最佳選項.選項中有兩項為多項。Here are some ways of encouraging a friend to get through a difficult time.1。 Make contact。When you find out that someone is going through a crisis， get in contact with them as soon as possible。 If the person is far away, make a phone call or send an email。 _16_ This is especi

55、ally important if theyre dealing with an illness that makes it difficult to leave the house。2。 Listen to them without judgment.People need to tell their stories in their own time. Of course youre going to have opinions about their situation。 _17_ Focus on your friend， so they work through the healin

56、g process.3。 Offer practical help。Instead of offering advice, what you can offer is some actual help. This can make a huge difference for them. _18_ Help them out with some chores like doing their grocery shopping for them， helping clean their house, and taking their dog for a walk.4。 _19_When someo

57、ne is going through a difficult life event， the basic functions of life tend to get forgotten。 They possibly forget to eat or stop caring for their appearance。 Remind them to do things like shower， and exercise。5. Dont take over their life。Taking over their life may overwhelm them。 _20_ Dont just ta

58、ke your friend to dinner, ask them where and when they want to dine。 Letting them make decisions， even if theyre small decisions, can go long way towards reclaiming their power。A. Even doing some little things can make a difference.B. You should offer options to them.C. Sometimes visiting someone in

59、 person is also effective.D。 You should use your past experiences to help them.E。 But it isnt always necessary to share your advice。F。 Its better to be there for them。G. Encourage your friend to keep up with the life basics.【答案】16。 C 17。 E 18. A 19. G 20. B【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要就如何鼓勵朋友度過難關(guān)，提出了五點建議?！?6題詳解】

60、根據(jù)上文When you find out that someone is going through a crisis, get in contact with them as soon as possible。 If the person is far away, make a phone call or send an email。（當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在經(jīng)歷危機時，盡快與他們聯(lián)系。如果對方離你很遠(yuǎn)，打個電話或發(fā)個郵件)以及后文This is especially important if theyre dealing with an illness that makes it difficu