如何培養(yǎng)翻譯能力課件

1、如何培養(yǎng)漢英翻譯能力要做一名合格的翻譯，首先應(yīng)打好漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)的基本功，還要學(xué)習(xí)和研究中外不同的文化，同時(shí)還要再學(xué)一門(mén)專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)。既然漢英翻譯是如此艱巨復(fù)雜的任務(wù)，那么我們?cè)鯓硬拍苡行У貙?duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練，以提高他們的漢英翻譯能力和水平呢？漢英翻譯能力的培養(yǎng)（translation competence development）涉及以下諸多方面：一.要培養(yǎng)對(duì)英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)感和悟性（language intuition open and alert mind to pick up idioms, specific expressions, etc.）；上述各種能力和意識(shí)的培養(yǎng)，可以通過(guò)不同的具體途徑來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，在

2、諸多方面加強(qiáng)翻譯意識(shí)的鍛煉：第一：要對(duì)翻譯的重要性有深刻的、充分的認(rèn)識(shí)，翻譯的對(duì)與錯(cuò)、好與壞有時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生絕然不同的效果。例如，把海南島的“天涯海角”翻譯成了“世界末日”： the End of the World (應(yīng)為L(zhǎng)ands End / End of the Earth)。再如某航空公司的廣告中承諾的“一小時(shí)內(nèi)免費(fèi)送機(jī)票上門(mén)”變成了“一小時(shí)內(nèi)送免費(fèi)機(jī)票上門(mén)”：We give you tickets free of charge within one hour.（應(yīng)為We offer free delivery of your air tickets within one hour afte

3、r your booking confirmation.）第二：要善于仔細(xì)地、深入地、準(zhǔn)確地理解中文原文的意思。這是因?yàn)闇?zhǔn)確的理解是做好翻譯的前提。例如，我們常用“摸著石頭過(guò)河”這個(gè)俗語(yǔ)來(lái)形容我國(guó)的改革開(kāi)放事業(yè)是沒(méi)有先例。那么“摸著石頭過(guò)河”應(yīng)如何翻譯成英語(yǔ)呢？有的人把它按字面翻譯為crossing the river by feeling the stones。翻譯的人根本就沒(méi)有去認(rèn)真地理解“摸著石頭過(guò)河”是什么意思，應(yīng)該怎樣表達(dá)才能讓外國(guó)人能夠理解。正確的做法應(yīng)該是按照下面的步驟去做：1.“摸著石頭過(guò)河”的字面意思如何理解？2. 它有什么暗含或延伸的意思？3. 英語(yǔ)里有沒(méi)有相同或類(lèi)似的說(shuō)法

4、？.如果有，就可以直接借用；如果沒(méi)有，是進(jìn)行直譯還是意譯？4. 如果直譯為 crossing the river by feeling the stones是否能被外國(guó)人理解？5. 過(guò)河是乘船過(guò)(crossing by boat)還是淌水過(guò)(wading across)，動(dòng)詞用什么形式？6. 這里的河是大河、中河還是小河 (river, stream, brook, etc.)？7. 摸的方式是用手摸還是用腳觸？8. 石頭是大石頭還是小石頭(rock, stone, pebble, etc.)？9. 如果意譯為 learning by experiment / by trial and err

5、or是否可取？10. 直譯和意譯相結(jié)合wading across the stream by feeling the way如何？Since there is no previous experience to fall back on, we have to wade across the stream by feeling the way, as we say in Chinese.“拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)”pull economic growth不符合英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣Push/lift/increase/boost/stimulate/Spur/drive/fuel/speed up/acceler

6、ate/generate/ fire up/ propel/facilitate/reinforce/aid/assist/support/promote/encourage/foster/sustain/maintainThe special economic zones are a window opening onto the outside world. They are a window through which to bring in from abroad sophisticated technology, advanced managerial expertise and u

7、p-to-date know-how. It is also a window through which to disseminate Chinas external policies.第五：有些中文詞語(yǔ)沒(méi)有什么特殊涵義，而與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的英文詞語(yǔ)卻有著特殊的涵義。“便宜”、“價(jià)廉”cheap帶有貶義，成為“質(zhì)次價(jià)低”的意思cheap jewelries, cheap dresses, cheap furnitureI bought a cheap watch for my child. I bought a cheap dress for my girlfriend.冒犯對(duì)方。在后一種情況下必

8、須用inexpensive一詞。第六：避免用中式英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行表達(dá)，而要盡量用地道的英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行表達(dá)我過(guò)去學(xué)過(guò)一些法語(yǔ)，但現(xiàn)在都忘了，都還給老師了I learned some French in the past. Now I have forgotten it. Ive returned it to the teacher.I used to know some French, but Ive forgotten it. It has found its way back to my teacher.我攢了一大堆贓衣服，等著周末來(lái)洗I have accumulated a large amount o

9、f dirty clothes. Im going to wash them at the weekend.I have a lot of laundry to catch up at the weekend.第七：根據(jù)不同場(chǎng)合，英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)有莊重(formal) 與隨意(informal) 之分。禁止吸煙No Smoking請(qǐng)勿吸煙Thank you for not smoking.為了您和他人的健康，請(qǐng)勿在此吸煙For hygienes sake, please refrain yourself from smoking in this room.formal-normal - inform

10、al 三種文體風(fēng)格(style):formal-normal - informal 三種文體風(fēng)格(style):Please await instructions before dispatching items.Please wait for instructions before sending items off.Dont send anything off until youre told to do so.Essential measures should be undertaken at the earliest opportunity.One should undertake a

11、ny necessary measures at the earliest opportunity.You should do whatever you have to as soon as you can.外資企業(yè)overseas-funded enterprisesEnterprises with foreign investment / enterprises with foreign elements:外貿(mào)行業(yè)習(xí)慣高速公路上的警示語(yǔ)“請(qǐng)勿疲勞駕駛”Dont drive tiredlyDrowsy driving is dangerous .Drive alert, arrive ali

12、ve. :交通法規(guī)術(shù)語(yǔ)第九：注意漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)之間的文化差異。相聲cross talkcomic dialogue以外貿(mào)為龍頭with foreign trade as the dragon headwith foreign trade as the locomotive/flagship “火車(chē)頭”或“旗艦”但是不能機(jī)械地對(duì)待一切類(lèi)似的翻譯問(wèn)題，我們的頭腦里應(yīng)該有一點(diǎn)辯證法。魚(yú)米之鄉(xiāng): land of fish and riceland of milk and honey，但由于land of fish and rice外國(guó)人也能理解，不會(huì)造成跨化交流的障礙，所以我們可以采用land of fi

13、sh and rice的說(shuō)法，以保留一點(diǎn)中國(guó)的特色。第十一：有時(shí)候，比如翻譯詩(shī)句，光翻譯字面上的意思是不夠的，還必須把字里行間的深度、力量和美感表達(dá)出來(lái)?！爸扉T(mén)酒肉臭，路有凍死骨” Wines and meats become rotten in the mansions; Dead bones become rotten at the doors of them沒(méi)有任何詩(shī)意。下面這樣的翻譯則把它的意思、深度、力量和美感通統(tǒng)都表現(xiàn)出來(lái)了：In the mansions, rolling luxury allows wine and meat to go rottenaway;On the streets, grinding poverty causes dead bodies to freeze anddecay.第十二：漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)法語(yǔ)序和句子結(jié)構(gòu)上都有很大的差別。因此，在進(jìn)行中譯英的時(shí)候必須要考慮到這些方面的變化。改革開(kāi)放開(kāi)放取得了