復習資料完型填空語篇填空-完整版PPT

1、完型填空專題（二）語篇填空羅娟英1、閱讀/理解語篇的能力;2、分析句子結構的能力;3、熟練運用語法的能力。一.語篇填空題目的、能力要求目的: 考查考生的語感以及語言的銜接、連貫、結構等語言知識運用能力.要求: 有篇章結構意識,在語境和語篇中理解句子內(nèi)部結構,找出句與句、段與段之間的內(nèi)容聯(lián)系,把握細微區(qū)別. 具體體現(xiàn)：Humans are responsible for causing changes in the environment that hurt animals and species. We take up more space on Earth for our homes and

2、 cities. We pollute habitats. 48 illegally hunt and kill animals. All of these activities take resources and habitats away 49 plants and animals.Human activity often changes or destroys the habitats that plants and animals need to survive. 50 human populations are growing so fast animals and plants

3、are disappearing many times faster _51 they have in the past 65 million years. Animals and plants have always had a 52_time surviving. Animals became extinct in the past for a wide variety of reasons. In some cases, competition for resources among animals led to extinction and in 53_ cases, environm

4、ental changes caused extinction Fortunately, we humans are beginning to realize our mistakes,_54_ we could destroy everything on Earth. We must not only use our knowledge and abilities to manage the Earth, but to make the Earth 55_safe and healthy place where all animals and plants -including humans

5、 ourselvescan live. Humans are responsible for causing changes in the environment that hurt animals and species. We take up more space on Earth for our homes and cities. We pollute habitats. We illegally hunt and kill animals. All of these activities take resources and habitats away from plants and

6、animals.Human activity often changes or destroys the habitats that plants and animals need to survive. Because / As / Since human populations are growing so fast animals and plants are disappearing many times faster _than they have in the past 65 million years. Animals and plants have always had a h

7、ard / difficult time surviving. Animals became extinct in the past for a wide variety of reasons. In some cases, competition for resources among animals led to extinction and in other_ cases, environmental changes caused extinction. Fortunately, we humans are beginning to realize our mistakes,_or /

8、otherwise we could destroy everything on Earth. We must not only use our knowledge and abilities to manage the Earth, but to make the Earth a_safe and healthy place where all animals and plants -including humans ourselvescan live. 2010年湖南高考英語樣卷完型填空(II)所選材料為一篇說明文，短文字數(shù)為187詞，一般間距為14至19個單詞, 最長間距27個單詞(52

9、、53空之間)。所設空格選項以代詞、連詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、冠詞為主。 考點詞匯 1. 銜接性詞匯:1) 引導狀語從句的從屬連詞2) 引導定語從句的關系代詞/關系副詞3) 引導名詞性從句的連詞、連接代詞/連接副詞4) 并列連詞5) 連接性副詞/短語/句子6) 表示某種關系的介詞2. 替代性詞匯: 人稱代詞、不定代詞, do, so 等3冠詞 4形容詞/副詞二、語篇填空主要考查哪方面的內(nèi)容?語法和詞匯（考試重點）上下文連貫性（語境）完形填空（II）的命題思路：所選材料邏輯性、連貫性要強；所給的答案最好具有唯一性；所設置的空盡量避免動詞和名詞；如果設空為形容詞和副詞要注意所在的語境，避免出現(xiàn)多種

10、可能的答案；注重Linking words的考查1. 章法 4. 慣用法2. 句法3. 詞法語 法五、語篇填空題型的解題思路六、語法填空解題技巧（“由大到小” ）1、通讀全文、了解大意、把握特征、弄清文脈。2、巧用已知，連線畫圖、降低難度、鋪平道路。3、理解句意、分析結構、大膽猜測、各個擊破 。4、重讀全篇、仔細核查、語法正確、語意貫通。5、拼寫正確、書寫規(guī)范、大小寫準確（注意三寫）。七、語篇填空做題方法：根據(jù)語法知識進行填充根據(jù)邏輯關系進行填充根據(jù)語篇標志進行填充 語篇是指比單個句子長的語言單位（句群、段落、篇章等）。語篇間往往有標明內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的詞，我們稱這些詞為“語篇標志詞”。如表示結構層次

11、的有first, second, third, finally等；表示邏輯關系的有thus，therefore，so等；表示轉(zhuǎn)折關系或變換話題的有however, but, by the way等?！罢Z篇標志詞”對迅速理清文章的脈絡，弄清上下文關系很有幫助。解答語法填空題的八條思路根據(jù)語法知識進行填空冠詞或(物主)代詞 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)之前1. There once were a goat and a donkey. So the farmer killed _ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart. 2.When I see

12、a child subject to this kind of pressure, I think of Donnie. He was _ shy , nervous perfectionist. 3.The little boy pulled _ right hand out of the pocket 考查語法點: 定冠詞,不定冠詞, 物主代詞的用法 the a hisHe then wore it to work _ next day. 解題技巧the 缺冠詞 冠詞一般可以位于名詞前，如果名詞前有形容詞修飾，則也可置于形容詞前面，如本句的 the next day 冠詞有三個：a/an

13、用于第一次提到的名詞前，可翻譯為“一”;the 用于特指的前面提到過的名詞，或位于一些專有名詞前面 1. Once as I was getting ready for school, my mother accidentally handed me my fathers vest instead of _. 解題技巧缺少名詞性物主代詞 名詞性物主代詞指代前面提到過的名詞，作用相當于名詞，包括：mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs, its等mineI was _ upset that I violently ripped (撕破) it from my c

14、hest!解題技巧so要熟記一些固定搭配,習慣用語。常用句型包括：sothat: 如此以至于；It is that（強調(diào)句)：正是；not onlybut: 不但而且；not but: 不是而是; not, neither/nor: 不，也不; , so is/does/ has +主語：，某人也是；too to: 太而不能;As is known to all/ As we all know 眾所周知;Only whencan we: 只有當我們才能連詞或從句引導詞兩個主謂結構連接 1. It was not long _ the waitress came back and then sh

15、e began to wipe down the table and suddenly was surprised at what she saw. 2. But nothing changed until midterm, _ Mary Anne, a student teacher, was appointed to our classroom. before when考查語法點: 各類復合句中連詞,引導詞的用法3. See _ your son has done. 4. I was filled with great admiration for my father，_ gentle k

16、indness taught me a life lesson I would never forget. 解題技巧what 缺引導詞 如果一個句子中含有多個謂語或多個主謂結構,應該從句子的意義去判斷這一句是否含并列謂語，或含非謂語動詞結構，或是屬于復合句；如果是復合句,一般要考慮該填什么引導詞。 最常用的引導詞有：whose which, that, who, whom, whose,where, when, why, what, whether, if, how 等。 如果空格前后都是完整句子，則要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，選擇適當?shù)母痹~或連詞。如： He had no time to pla

17、y with his children, _ he did bring home a regular salary.because, for，since等；so, therefore, hence, thus等； besidesbut, however, yet, while, although, though, instead等。 表示原因：表示結果：表示并列：表示遞進：表示轉(zhuǎn)折andbut1. This was around the time that I was getting to be larger _ size than my father 2. _ thinking, I pou

18、red my anger out onto my mother. 解題技巧缺少介詞 介詞多位于_。如: _ Sunday , _ night, _ ones reach等； 還可位于_,如 be interested _等； 還可位于_,如 listen _, agree_等。 in, on, at, before, after, under, as, within, beyond, without, through, by等inWithout名詞之前形容詞之后不及物動詞之后within/beyondatintoonwith常用介詞包括：1. In short, I believe that

19、it is _ great use to keep a dairy in English 2. When I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back _the girl, who was giving me the most optimistic, largest smile I had ever seen. of at考查語法點: 介詞的基本用法及慣用搭配詞性介詞,冠詞,所有格后接名詞,形容詞修飾名詞,副詞修飾形容詞動詞或整個句子1. One of the _ gift choices I ever made was for m

20、y high school English teacher, which made him very unhappy.2. As far as I am concerned, my _ is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English within easy reach. worst suggestion考查語法點: 各類詞性的正確使用及轉(zhuǎn)化I immediately felt _(shame) of my violent behavior. 解題技巧ashamed 形容詞用法 主系表結構中，系動詞后一般填形容詞形式。

21、常用系動詞有：_ _等； 形容詞用來修飾_；_用來修飾形容詞； 前后之間比較用形容詞的_； 名詞副詞比較級或最高級be, become, stay, seem, remain,feel, turn2根據(jù)句子結構，確定詞性詞性實詞名詞形容詞副詞虛詞冠詞介詞連詞代詞Adv._,Adv.Adj.art.N./Pron.art.引導詞從句Adj.N./Pron.Vt.Vi. + prep.引導詞從句Adj.賓賓, _ 主 謂 conj. /引導詞非謂語動詞, X _主 謂3根據(jù)上下文意義及語法，確定詞形定冠詞,不定冠詞, /物主代詞的用法并列句及復合句介詞的常用用法及詞組搭配非謂語動詞 to do,

22、doing, done 及變形詞匯, 構詞法非謂語冠詞連詞介詞詞性變化根據(jù)語篇標志進行填空 語篇是指比單個句子長的語言單位（句群、段落、篇章等）。語篇間往往有標明內(nèi)在關聯(lián)的詞，我們稱這些詞為“語篇標志詞”。如表示結構層次的有first, second, third, finally等；表示因果關系的有 thus, therefore, so等；表示轉(zhuǎn)折關系或轉(zhuǎn)換話題的有however, but ,while等；表示遞進關系的有besides, apart from, in addition, whats more, moreover, furthermore等?！罢Z篇標志詞”對迅速理清文章的脈

23、絡，弄清上下文關系很有幫助。第4題，有表示結果的Therefore可知，應充分利用時間，故用形容詞full或good來修飾名詞。4.根據(jù)固定詞組進行填充熟練掌握一些常見的詞組，如as a matter of fact, be proud of, by the way, come from, congratulateon, devoteto, earn ones living, keep ones word, make up ones mind等，對解題很有幫助。 5. 根據(jù)句型搭配進行填充,就是根據(jù)一些常用的句型搭配，如so/suchthat, it is(for sb.) to do sth

24、., There is no doubt that, there is no sense in doing sth. Hardly/Scarcelywhen, No sooner than, it is/has been + some time since , be about to do when,等來解題。6. 根據(jù)詞匯知識進行填充 指根據(jù)某些詞語在用法上的特殊搭配來解題。如下列各類動詞必須牢記：只能接動詞的-ing形式作賓語的動詞，只能接to do作賓語的動詞，接to do作補語的動詞，接do作補語的動詞，接doing或done作補語的動詞，對句式搭配要求較為特別的詞語，等等。7. 根據(jù)

25、生活常識進行填充Sentence Practice:1. This washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses _ (little) water and electricity than _ (old) models.(北京)2. Being too anxious to help an event develop often _ (result) in the contrary to our intention. (2008廣東)3. Jane knew from past experience that her _

26、 (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. (2009廣東)4. While she was getting me _ (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car (2007廣東)resultschoicessettledlessolder5. She wished that he was as easy _ (please) as her mother, who was always delig

27、hted with perfume.(2009廣東)6. He was very tired _ doing this for a whole day, _he felt very happy (2008廣東)7. The head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to _ small town some 20 kilometers away _ there was a garage. (2007廣東)afterbutawhereto pleasePassage Practice: A proverb say

28、s, “Time is money”. But in my opinion, time is even 1 _ precious than money. Why? 2 _ when money is spent, we can earn it back. However, when time is gone , it will never return. 3_ is known to all that the time we can use is limited. Therefore we should make 4 _ use of our time to study hard so as

29、to serve our country in 5 _ future. But it is a pity that there are a lot of people 6_ do not realize the value of time. They waste their precious time smoking, drinking and playing. 7 _ a word, we should form the good habit of saving time. Do not put off what can be done today 8_ tomorrow. A prover

30、b says, “Time is money”. But in my opinion, time is even 1 _ precious than money. Why? 2 _ when money is spent, we can earn it back. However, when time is gone , it will never return. 3_ is known to all that the time we can use is limited. Therefore we should make 4 _ use of our time to study hard s

31、o as to serve our country in 5 _ future. But it is a pity that there are a lot of people 6_ do not realize the value of time. They waste their precious time smoking, drinking and playing. 7 _ a word, we should form the good habit of saving time. Do not put off what can be done today 8_ tomorrow.more

32、Becausewhofull/goodtheItuntil/till In備考策略1不斷記憶，積累詞匯。語篇填空題對單詞提出了比以前更高的要求，它不但要求考生認識單詞，還要求能寫出一些要求的單詞。這就要求考生平時不斷地記憶單詞，不斷地積累詞匯，千方百計地把我們的詞匯量提高上去?？荚嚂r才能隨心所欲的寫出單詞，填出固定搭配。2夯實基礎，學好語法。 英語的基礎知識瑣碎繁雜，不是一朝一夕就能掌握的，它要求我們平時多聽，多讀，多記，夯實自己的基礎知識；我們還要堅定不移地加強語法的學習，尤其是長句、難句、復雜句的分析。只有這樣，才能為綜合能力的提高打下堅實的基礎。3大聲朗讀，培養(yǎng)語感。 語感是一種對語言、

33、語段或詞句的感受能力，是一種看不見摸不著的東西，但在做完形填空題時又是必不可少的東西。嫻熟的語感的形成不是一蹴而就的，要在平時的學習過程中多聽，多讀，尤其是大聲朗讀猶為重要。在早讀或晚讀時間，拋開顧忌，放開喉嚨，大聲朗讀，對培養(yǎng)語感是非常重要的。如果通過朗讀能夠多背誦一些課文是再好不過的了。語感在你的朗讀和背誦課文的過程中，不知不覺地逐步形成了。4堅持不懈，多做練習。 語法填空是一種新題型，考生在前幾年都不曾練過的。但是高考中又占了總分的十分之一，非常重要。因此要求考生在考前一段時間要大量練習這種題型，不斷練習，不斷總結，不斷提高，高考時才能處變不驚，輕松應對。二、練習與思考一、 體驗新題型C

34、omplete the following passages by filling in each blank with ONE word that best fits the context.Rivers are one of our most important natural resources. Many of the worlds great cities are located 48 rivers, and almost every country has at least one river running through it, 49 plays an important pa

35、rt in the lives of its people. 50 the beginning of history, people have used rivers for transportation. The longest one in the United States is the Mississippi, and the lifeline of Egypt is the Nile. 51 transportation, rivers give water to drink, water for crops, and chances for fun and recreation for the people 52 live along their banks.53 , large cities and industries that are located on rivers often make problems. As the cities grow in size and industries increase in number, the water in the rivers becomes 54 with chemicals an