裕興新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)筆記-第53課

1、Lesson 53 Hot snake 觸電的蛇【 New words and expressions】（13）hot adj.帶電的，充電的firemann. 消防隊(duì)員cause v.引起； n. 原因examinev. 檢查accidentallyadv. 意外地，偶然地remainsn. 尸體，殘骸wire n.電線voltn. 伏特（電壓?jiǎn)挝唬﹑ower line電力線solvev. 解決mysteryn. 謎（無(wú)法接受地 , 解釋不了的）snatch v. 抓住sparkn. 電火花單詞講解： hot adj. 帶電的，充電的 同義詞 fiery, flushed, burning,

2、 steaming 反義詞 cold, cool, frigid, icy變化形 形變 hotter hottesthothotted hotted hotting （ 1）熱的、炎熱的 （反義詞 cold） hot water ； hot weather ； a hot day eg： Strike while the iron is hot . 趁熱打鐵 .（諺 ）勿錯(cuò)失良機(jī)。 hot 炎熱的 warm 溫暖的 cool 涼爽的 chilly 寒冷的 cold 寒冷的、嚴(yán)寒的（ 2）（調(diào)味品等） 辣的eg： Pepper and mustard are hot . 胡椒和芥末都是辣的 .（

3、 3） 強(qiáng) 烈的、激烈的、熱烈的 have a hot temper 怒 a hot debate 激烈的討論 get hot on rock music 熱衷搖滾樂(lè) （ 4）（新聞等）最新的 ，剛發(fā)生的、剛到達(dá)的 hot news on the election results 選舉的結(jié)果的最新消息 a magazine hot from the press 剛出版的雜誌 a young man hot from school 剛從學(xué)校踏出社會(huì)的年輕人 be hot on sb 迷戀某人、愛(ài)慕某人 be in hot water 惹上麻煩、陷入困境 （受辱 ） get / run into

4、trouble 遇到麻煩 a hot potato 棘手的問(wèn)題、燙手山芋 get hot under the collar 怒氣沖衝的；局促不安 fireman n. 消防隊(duì)員 同義詞 fire fighter, fire extinguisher, fire tender 變化形 名複 firemen fireplace ?fai ?pleis n. 壁爐 firework ?fai ?w ?:k n.爆竹,（常 pl.）煙火 fire-water 消防用水 ； fire-fighter 救火員 firehouse 消防隊(duì) fire station 消防站 fireproof fai ?pr

5、u:f adj. 耐火的 , 防火的 vt. 使耐火 , 使防火 fire-raising n. 放火、縱火 cause v. 引起； n. 原因 ; 起因 CU（+of）同義詞 motive, reason, occasion, basis反義詞 result, consequence, effect, outcome變化形 名複 causes 變化形 動(dòng)變 caused caused causing（1） v. 引起、導(dǎo)致eg： A cigarette caused the forest fire . 香煙引起的森林大火。eg： What caused his sickness ？是什 麼

6、 使他生病 ?an accident caused by carelessness 由於粗心大意而導(dǎo)致事故。 B result from A B 是由 A 導(dǎo)致的A cause B A lead to B A contribute to B A result in B A start B A bring about BA 導(dǎo)致 B； A 是原因 B 是結(jié)果（ 2） n.理由eg： You have no cause for complaint . 你沒(méi)有理由發(fā)牢騷。eg： Don t b elate without cause . 不要無(wú)故遲到。 Don t be late without g

7、ood cause .（3） n. 原因、起因eg： What was the cause of his sickness ？是什麼導(dǎo)致他的病？find out the cause 查出原因 examine v. 檢查、細(xì)查 ; 診察同義詞 inspect, observe, study, consider變化形 動(dòng)變 examined examined examining（ 1） 仔細(xì)觀察、檢查、調(diào)查look at carefully in order to learn about or from , inspect closely 仔細(xì)觀察、檢查、調(diào)查之意eg： The firefight

8、ers examined every inch of the forest . 消防隊(duì)員仔細(xì)檢查森林。examine facts 檢查事實(shí) ； examine a theory 剖析 （ 理論、事件等 ） examine an evidence 調(diào)查證物（ 2） v.診察 inspect closely to check for diseaseeg： The doctor examined his patient carefully . 醫(yī)生耐心仔細(xì)檢查他的病。 （ 3） v.考試、測(cè)試examine students in English 考學(xué)生的英語(yǔ) examiner 主考人 examin

9、ee 應(yīng)考者 exam n.考試 ； examination n. 考試 examine v. 考試、檢查 example n. 例子 ； for example 比如說(shuō) accidentally adv. 意外地，偶然地 accidental adj. 意外的、偶然的 happening unexpectedly or by chance 意外或偶然發(fā)生 反義詞 intentional in ?ten ?n?l a. 故意的，有意 （識(shí) ）的 an accidental meeting with a friend 偶然遇到一位朋友 .an accidental death 意外死亡 acci

10、dent （1） n.（ u） 事故、意外 a car / road / traffic accident 汽車(chē) / 道路 / 交通 意外 （2） 機(jī)遇、命運(yùn)、造化 （chance 、 fortune） by chance 偶然，碰巧 by accident accidentally eg： I found a gold mine by accident / accidentally / by chance . 我 意外 / 意外 /偶然 發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)金礦。 remains n. 尸體，殘骸 remain（ 1） v. 留下、剩下、遺留 （不再用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)） eg： After the fire

11、, nothing remained in my house .火災(zāi)發(fā)生後，我的房子什麼都沒(méi)有留下。eg： If you take 3 from 8 , 5 remains . 8 減去 3 剩 5。 eg： Much remains to be done . 要做的事還很多。eg： What s done is done Let bygones be bygones . 木已成舟 （2） v. 仍是、保持不變eg： He remained silent . 他仍是保持沉默eg： After the quarrel , they remained the best of friends . 爭(zhēng)

12、吵之後，他們?nèi)匀皇亲詈玫呐笥?。remains （ 1）n. 剩餘物、殘餘物 the remains of a meal 殘羹剩飯（ 2）（古建築物）遺址、廢墟the remains of Yuanmingyuan 圓明園遺址（ 3） n. 遺體、遺骸eg： The remains of Chairman Mao were kept well in a crystal coffin . 毛主席的遺體被良好保存在水晶棺。 wire n. 電線、金屬線 , 金屬絲 CU 同義詞 telegraph, cable, fasten, tie 變化形 名複 wires 變化形 動(dòng)變 wired wired

13、 wiring （ 1） n. 電線、金屬線 , eg： He tied a basket to the bicycle with a piece of wire .他用一條鐵絲綁一個(gè)籃子在自行車(chē)上。telephone wires 電話線 ； barbed wire 有刺的鐵絲（ 2）（美口） 電報(bào) send a wire 發(fā)電報(bào) receive a wire 接電報(bào) be on wires be all on wires 興奮、坐立不安 under the wire 勉強(qiáng)來(lái)得及 wireless adj. 無(wú)線的 ； wireless telegraphy 無(wú)線電報(bào) volt n. 伏特（電

14、壓?jiǎn)挝唬?；變化形 名複 voltsvoltage ?v?ultid ? n.電壓 、伏特?cái)?shù) power line 電力線 power （ 1） 電力、動(dòng)力 electric power 電力； atomic power 原子動(dòng)力 ； water power 水力（ 2） 力、能力brain power 智力； the power of hearing 聽(tīng)力（ 3） 權(quán)力、支配力、勢(shì)力political power 政治權(quán)力eg： The dictator held absolute power over his people .這個(gè)獨(dú)裁者對(duì)他的百姓有絕對(duì)的權(quán)力。not within one

15、s power beyond one s power超出某人的能力、能力不足 eg： It is beyond my power to understand how the computer works.想要了解計(jì)算機(jī)如何工作，這是超出我的能力所能及的。come to power come into power 得勢(shì)、掌權(quán) solve v. 解決 work out 同義詞 answer, explain, unriddle, decipher 變化形 動(dòng)變 solved solved solving solve a question / problem / puzzle / crime / m

16、ystery 解決一個(gè) 問(wèn)題 /難題/益智 /破案/揭開(kāi)一個(gè)迷題 eg： We must solve the economic crisis . 我們必須解決經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)。solution s?lu:?n n.解決；解答，解決辦法；溶液a solution for / to a trouble 紛爭(zhēng)的解決 eg： It took a long time to find the solution .花了很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間來(lái)尋找解決辦法。 mystery n. 謎（無(wú)法接受地 , 解釋不了的） 同義詞 problem, puzzle, riddle, secret 變化形 名複 mysteries the m

17、ystery of life 生命的奧秘 eg： His disappearance is a mystery. 他的失蹤是個(gè)謎。 an air of mystery 神秘氣氛 eg： The murder is wrapped in mystery . 謀殺籠罩於神秘之中 可做定語(yǔ)修飾名詞： a mystery guest / visitor 神秘的來(lái)客 ； a mystery tour 神秘之旅 mystery ?mist?ri n.神秘 （ 性），神秘的人 （或事物 ） riddle ?ridl n.謎（語(yǔ) ）；難題 vt.篩；把 弄得處處穿孔 puzzle ?p?zl v.（ 使 ）迷

18、惑； （使 ） 苦思 n.謎；難題 snatch v. 抓住 同義詞 seize, grasp, grab, clutch 變化形 動(dòng)變 snatched snatched snatching 變化形 名複 snatches （ 1） v. 搶、奪、攫取snatch up 抓起、奪取eg： The thief snatched her bag and ran away .小偷搶走她的提包逃跑了。eg： He snatched at the paper as his mother was about to see it . 母親正要看報(bào)紙，他搶了過(guò)來(lái)。（ 2） v.（趁機(jī)） 迅速取得，急急忙忙吃

19、完飯 snatch a sleep on a busy day 在忙碌的日子偷閒小睡snatch a kiss 出其不意地吻 snatch sn?t ? 迅速而有力（粗魯?shù)兀┳プ?、?snatch a chance 抓住機(jī)會(huì) grab gr?b vt. 抓??；抓住 n./ vi.（at） 抓 （住），奪 （得 ）（熱切而拼命地抓住） grab sth from sb grab sth form sth grasp （ 1 ） 抓住或咬住、抓緊 grasp a chance 抓住機(jī)會(huì)（ 2） 掌握 grasp a language 掌握一門(mén)語(yǔ)言 hold 抓住、握住、托住take / catch

20、 / get hold of 抓住，捉住 spark n. 電火花（切斷電流而產(chǎn)生） 同義詞 flash, gleam, glimmer 變化形 名複 sparks 變化形 動(dòng)變 sparked sparked sparking strike a spark from a flint 用燧石打出火花 a shower of sparks 如陣雨般（大量的）火星、火花 a bright spark 活潑而聰明的年人 a bright apple a wise apple 驕傲的年輕人 二 Key structures ： 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)：強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某時(shí)間發(fā)生完的動(dòng)作或者處?kù)兜臓顟B(tài)，搭配一

21、個(gè) 明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成： have / has + v.-ed 強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某時(shí)一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在存在的影響或者是這個(gè)動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還可能再延續(xù)下去?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)一直在進(jìn)行著，一直發(fā)生著 構(gòu)成： have / has been + doingeg： I stayed at this hotel five years ago . （一般過(guò)去時(shí)） eg： Have you ever stayed at this hotel ？（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)） eg： I have been staying at this hotel for 3 weeks . （現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)

22、行時(shí)） 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或離現(xiàn)在不遠(yuǎn)的時(shí)間。多用於延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 ，如：live , learn , lie , stay ,sit , wait , stand ,wrest rest v.& n. 擰；敲詐；強(qiáng)取 , study 等；並且長(zhǎng)和一些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： all this time , this week , this moth , all night , all the morning , recently 等狀語(yǔ)以及 since 和 for 所引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)或從句連用。eg： What have you been doing all this ti

23、me . 你一直在做什麼 ? eg： He is ill . He s been lying in the bed for 3 weeks.他病了 ,已經(jīng)臥床 3 個(gè)星期了。現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和一切進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)一樣也可以代有感情色彩。 eg： Too much has been happening today . 今天發(fā)生太多事了 eg： Fiddlesticks ！ who has been telling you such stuff . 胡說(shuō)！誰(shuí)已經(jīng)告訴你這樣的東西。 fiddlesticks fidlstiks int. 胡說(shuō) such stuff 這樣的東西 Exercise：用正確實(shí)態(tài)填空

24、：At last firemen have put （put） out a big forest fire in California . Since then , theyhave been trying （ try ） to findout how the fire began （ begin）. Yesterday the firemen examined （ examine）the ground carefully , butwere not （notbe） able to find any broken glass .They were （be） also quite sure th

25、at a cigarette end did not start （not start）the fire. 【 Text】What caused the fire?At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California. Since then, they have been trying to find out how the fire began. Forest fires are often caused by broken glass or by cigarette ends which people carelessly

26、 throw away. Yesterday the firemen examined the ground carefully, but were not able to find any broken glass. They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire. This morning, however, a firemen accidentally discovered the cause. He noticed the remains of a snake which was wound r

27、ound the electric wires of a 16,000-volt power line. In this way, he was able to solve the mystery. The explanation was simple but very unusual. A bird had snatched up the snake from the ground and then dropped it on to the wires. The snake then wound itself round the wires. When it did so, it sent

28、sparks down to the ground and these immediately started a fire.三課文講解： At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California. 消防隊(duì)員們終于撲滅了加利福尼亞的一場(chǎng)森林大火 . California 又名 Golden State Since then, they have been trying to find out how the fire began. 從那時(shí)起 , 他們一直試圖找出起火的原因 .Forest fires are often cause

29、d by broken glass or by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away. 森林火災(zāi)時(shí)常由破碎的玻璃或人們隨手扔掉的香煙頭引起 .broken glass 破碎的玻璃 a broken heart 一顆破碎的心 ； a broken glass 被打破的玻璃杯 a broken promise 違約，食言 ； a broken marriage 破裂的婚姻 a broken home 破裂的家庭 cigarette ends 煙頭 come to an end 結(jié)束 eg： The meeting came to an

30、end at midnight . 會(huì)議開(kāi)到半夜才結(jié)束 make both ends meet 勉強(qiáng)維持生計(jì) , 使收支相抵 throw away 扔掉，拋棄；錯(cuò)過(guò) （機(jī)會(huì) ） ，浪費(fèi) （金錢(qián)等 ） throw to vt. 向 . 投 eg： He throw the ball to me and I caught it . 他把球給我，我接住了。 throw at 向 . 扔去 eg： The boy throw a stone at the window and broke it . 這個(gè)男孩扔一塊石頭向窗戶，窗戶破了Yesterday the firemen examined the

31、ground carefully, but were not able to find any broken glass. 昨天 , 消防隊(duì)員仔細(xì)查看了地面 , 但未能發(fā)現(xiàn)碎玻璃 . were not able to could not 未能They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire. 他們還十分肯定火災(zāi)也不是由煙頭引起的 .be sure that be quite sure that quite kwait ad.相當(dāng)eg： Are you quite certain about that ？這

32、事你能肯定嗎 ? quiet ?kwai ?t a.輕聲的；安靜的 n.安靜 v.（使）安靜 eg： The class kept very quiet during the lesson .quite kwait ad.實(shí)際上，確實(shí)；完全，十分 eg： She was quite alone . 她的確獨(dú)自一人 quite 事實(shí)上，非常eg： It was quite a bargain . 這是相當(dāng)劃算 bargain ?b:ginn. 特價(jià)商品；協(xié)議，交易 vi. 討價(jià)還價(jià)quite 相當(dāng) ,頗eg： She s a quite good actress 她. 是一個(gè)相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)的演員eg：

33、 The jacket is quite good . 這件夾克是相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)start the fire 引起火災(zāi)eg： We started on our journey . 我們開(kāi)始我們的旅程。eg： Our school started at 8： 50. 我們學(xué)校 8:50 開(kāi)始上課 Eg：He hasn t startedin / on writing his next play yet .start to do sth 開(kāi)始做某事 主語(yǔ)為物 start 為進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) 後面的動(dòng)詞 do 表示內(nèi)心活動(dòng)eg： A strong wind started to blow . 一陣強(qiáng)風(fēng)吹起eg：

34、 She is starting to prepare lunch . start doing sth 開(kāi)始 （ 某工作 ）;著手做某事 eg： He usually starts studying at 8 at home . 在家裡他通常在 8 點(diǎn)開(kāi)始時(shí)讀書(shū) eg： He started to understand . 他開(kāi)始明白 This morning, however, a firemen accidentally discovered the cause. 然而今天上午 , 一個(gè)消防隊(duì)員偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了起火的原因 .cause區(qū)別 cause 與 reason：cause n. 直接導(dǎo)致

35、行為或事件發(fā)生的原因，即 ”起因 ”reason n. 解釋某事為甚麼發(fā)生的理由或藉口cause vt. 使發(fā)生，導(dǎo)致，引起 reason vt./vi. 評(píng)理、勸說(shuō)（常與 with , into , out of 連用） eg： Do you know the cause of the fire ？你知道火災(zāi)的原因嗎 ? eg： This is the reason why he left . 這是他離開(kāi)的原因 eg： What caused the fire ？是什麼導(dǎo)致了火災(zāi) ?eg： I reasoned with him for hours , but I couldn t pers

36、uade him to change his mind .我勸他幾個(gè)小時(shí)，但我沒(méi)能說(shuō)服他改變了主意 reasoned with him 勸說(shuō)他reason sb into doing sth talk sb into doing sth 勸某人 做某事 reason sb out of（ doing ） sth 勸某人 別做某事 talk sb out of （ doing ） sthHe noticed the remains of a snake which was wound round the electric wires of a 16,000-volt power line. 他發(fā)

37、現(xiàn)了纏繞在 16, 000 伏高壓線上的一條死蛇 .In this way, he was able to solve the mystery. 就這樣 , 他解開(kāi)了起火之謎 .The explanation was simple but very unusual. 解釋很簡(jiǎn)單 , 卻異乎尋常 .A bird had snatched up the snake from the ground and then dropped it on to the wires. 一只鳥(niǎo)把蛇從地上抓起來(lái) , 然后把它扔到了電線上 .snatched up sth from the ground 把 從地上抓起

38、來(lái) drop vt. 使落下、使掉落eg： She dropped the vase on the floor . drop vi.eg： The teapot dropped out of her hand . 茶壺從她手上落下來(lái) fall vi 掉下 、跌倒eg： He fell down the stairs and broke his leg . 他從樓梯上摔下，摔斷了腿 eg： The book fell from the table to the floor .eg： Prices fell . Prices dropped . 價(jià)格下跌了 The snake then wound

39、 itself round the wires.于是蛇就纏住了幾根電線 . wound round wound around eg： Vines often wind around a post or a tree . 藤蔓?？澙@在柱子或樹(shù)木上 eg： I wind this clock every day . 我每天給時(shí)鐘上發(fā)條 eg： Does this watch wind automatically ？ 這錶是自動(dòng)上弦的嗎？ wind wind, waind n.風(fēng)；氣息 v.繞，纏； （給 ）上發(fā)條 automatically ?:t?m?tikli ad.自動(dòng)地；無(wú)意識(shí)地 When it did so, it sent sparks down to the ground and these immediately started