高中英語選擇性必修四 20202021學(xué)年同步課時強化訓(xùn)練課件 Unit 3 Grammar-Review of the infinitive

1、Sea ExplorationUnit 3英語24字整體教學(xué)Period ThreeGrammarReview of the infinitive達標(biāo)檢測 當(dāng)堂檢測 基礎(chǔ)達標(biāo)演練語法導(dǎo)學(xué) 感悟規(guī)律 重點難點剖析內(nèi)容索引感知以下課文原句，補全方框下的小題1.To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.2.Marco Polos tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes f

2、rom west to east.3.Here，merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals，which also led to more awareness of each others cultures.4.These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time.語法感知語 法 導(dǎo) 學(xué)感悟規(guī)律 重點難點剖析5.To reach out across the sea remains a

3、strong desire today.6.The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas，and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.7.Trading has grown greatly in recent years，and will continue to do so in years to come.8.China has invested bil

4、lions in systems and services along these routes，which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange.9.Hundreds of years on，and with the latest technology in hand，the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach o

5、ut across the sea far into the future.1.以上句子皆用了動詞不定式。動詞不定式在句中可充當(dāng) (如句1、5)， (如句7、8)， (如句2)， (如句6)， (如句4、9)，及 (如句3)。2.動詞不定式一般時的結(jié)構(gòu)為： ；動詞不定式完成時的結(jié)構(gòu)為： 。主語賓語賓語補足語表語定語目的狀語to doto have done一、動詞不定式的時態(tài)1.一般時動詞不定式的一般時(to do)所表示的動作通常與謂語動詞所表示的動作(或狀態(tài))同時發(fā)生，或是在它之后發(fā)生。I noticed him go out.我看見他出去了。(notice與go out同時發(fā)生)I pl

6、an to attend the party to be held tomorrow.我打算參加明天舉行的聚會。(attend的動作在plan后發(fā)生)語法精析2.進行時動詞不定式的進行時(to be doing)表示不定式的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生。They are reported to be working hard.據(jù)報道他們正努力地工作。(be reported與work同時發(fā)生)I am very glad to be working with you.我非常樂意與你一起工作。(be glad與work同時發(fā)生)3.完成時動詞不定式的完成時(to have done)表示不

7、定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前。Im very sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.很抱歉讓你久等了。(keep發(fā)生在be sorry前)He is believed to have come.相信他已經(jīng)來了。(come發(fā)生在believe前)名師點津(1)在intended，expected，hoped，promised，wanted，wished，thought等后常用動詞不定式的完成時，表示過去沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望、期待或計劃等。(2)在seem，appear，think，consider，believe等表示看法與想法的動詞

8、后常用動詞不定式的完成時，表示該動作先于另一個動作發(fā)生。此結(jié)構(gòu)也常用以it作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)代替。(3)常見的可接動詞不定式完成時的形容詞有：happy，sad，disappointed，satisfied，likely，surprised等。I hoped to have finished the work earlier.我本希望早點兒完成那項工作。I intended to have helped you.我本打算幫助你。He seems to have bought the new book.It seems that he has bought the new book.他好像已買了那

9、本新書。She is not likely to have got our letter.她很可能還沒收到我們的信。二、動詞不定式的語態(tài)1.主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)(1)動詞不定式有主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)兩種形式；(2)在主動語態(tài)中動詞不定式與其邏輯主語之間構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系；(3)在被動語態(tài)中動詞不定式與其邏輯主語之間構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系；有一般時to be done和完成時to have been done兩種形式。We were very excited to hear the news.聽到那則消息，我們很興奮。Its a great honour for me to be invited.能被邀請，甚是榮幸

10、。(me是invite動作的承受者)No harm seems to have been done.似乎并沒有什么危害發(fā)生。(harm是do的承受者；且發(fā)生在seem前)2.動詞不定式的主動形式表示被動意義(1)動詞不定式作定語與被修飾詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，同時與句中另一名詞或代詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時。We have masses of work to do today.Hurry up!今天，我們有很多工作要做?？禳c兒！(2)在“be性質(zhì)形容詞動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中。The water is not fit to drink，so hold out until we get to a shop.這水不

11、能喝，所以堅持住，直到我們找到商店。(3)動詞不定式與疑問代詞連用時。What to do next hasnt been decided.下一步該做什么還沒有決定。(4)在“be to blame”中常用主動形式表示被動意義。I felt I was to blame for this bicycle accident.我覺得這次自行車事故怪我。(5)當(dāng)動詞不定式的邏輯主語不清楚或不是句子的主語時，此時主動和被動結(jié)構(gòu)都可用，而且在語意上并沒有多大區(qū)別。He is the very man to choose/to be chosen for the work.他正是這項工作的最佳人選。Giv

12、e me a list of people to invite/to be invited.給我一份需要邀請的人的名單。三、動詞不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)1.帶to的動詞不定式能直接跟帶to的動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞主要有ask，tell，hope，wish，learn，decide，want，forget，love，stop等。I want to go to the movies with you.我想跟你一起去看電影。Dont forget to turn off the light before you leave.在你離開之前別忘了關(guān)燈。2.省略to的動詞不定式在feel，hear，listen to，

13、make，let，have，see，look at，watch，notice，observe等使役動詞和感官動詞(短語)后，動詞不定式作賓語補足語時常省略to。I felt the earth shake at that moment.那時，我感到地球在晃動。I often hear him sing the song.我經(jīng)常聽見他唱這首歌。名師點津這些詞在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，to不能省略，此時不定式作主語補足語。He is often heard to sing the song.他經(jīng)常被人聽見唱這首歌。巧學(xué)助記不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語有些動詞(短語)跟不定式作賓語補足語時省去to，具體如下

14、：一感：feel二聽：hear，listen to三讓：let，have，make四看：observe，see，watch，notice3.動詞不定式的省略與替代在expect，hope，wish，mean，prefer，forget，want，try及used to，would like，should love等后面常常使用to來替代前面的不定式，以避免重復(fù)。I havent been to the Great Wall，but I wish to.我沒有去過長城，但是我希望去。Would you like to go with us?I hope to，but I am too busy.

15、你能和我們一起去嗎？我想去，但是我太忙了。He doesnt like playing football，but he used to.他不喜歡踢足球，但是他過去喜歡。China is not what she used to be.中國不再是從前的中國了。Didnt he tell you to attend the meeting?No，I ought to have been (told).他沒有告訴你要開會嗎？是的，我本該被告知的。4.動詞不定式的否定在不定式標(biāo)志to前加上not，即“not to do”。Tell him not to open the door.告訴他別開門。名師點

16、津倘若承前省略的不定式中含有be或have的任何形式，要保留be或have或其相應(yīng)的某種形式。四、動詞不定式的語法功能1.動詞不定式可以在句中作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語或狀語(目的、原因、結(jié)果或條件)。To see is to believe.眼見為實。He wanted to go.他想去。He asked me to do the work with him.他讓我和他一起做那項工作。The farmers thought of ways to protect their crops.農(nóng)民們想出了保護莊稼的辦法。Check your composition to avoid mi

17、stakes.為避免錯誤，檢查一下你的作文。2.需要注意的幾個問題(1)動詞不定式短語作主語時，往往放在謂語之后，用it作形式主語。It is right to give up smoking.戒煙是對的。(2)動詞不定式短語作賓語時，如果還帶有賓語補足語，往往把動詞不定式放在賓語補足語之后，而用it作形式賓語。I find it very interesting to study English.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)英語很有趣。(3)作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞或動詞不定式所修飾的名詞是動詞不定式動作的地點、工具等，動詞不定式后須有相應(yīng)的介詞。There is nothing to worry abo

18、ut.沒有什么可以擔(dān)憂的。He is looking for a room to live in.他正在尋找房子住。Please give me a knife to cut with.請給我一把切東西的刀子。(4)不定式作目的狀語除了用“to do”表示外，還可以使用in order to do或so as to do。We turned the lights off in order not to waste electricity.為了不浪費電，我們關(guān)了那些燈。(5)動詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語時常常表示一種出乎意料的結(jié)果，其前往往有only作為標(biāo)志。He hurried to the scho

19、ol，only to find nobody there.他急忙趕到學(xué)校，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)沒人在那兒。She got to the station hurriedly，only to find the train had gone.她匆匆忙忙趕到車站，發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開走了。It hasnt rained for a month，making the crops hard to grow.一個月沒下雨了，使莊稼很難生長。(6)動詞不定式在句中作插入語，常用的這類動詞不定式短語有：to tell the truth說實話；to be frank坦白地說；to be exact確切地說；to begin wi

20、th首先等。To tell the truth，I dont agree with you.說實話，我不同意你的意見。返 回名師點津現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作結(jié)果狀語常常表示一種意料之中的結(jié)果。.單句語法填空達 標(biāo) 檢 測當(dāng)堂檢測 基礎(chǔ)達標(biāo)演練1.Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change-4 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.(2020全國)2.Bamboo plants are associated with health，abundance

21、and a happy home.They are easy (care) for and make great presents.(2020全國)3.But some students didnt want (wear) the uniform.(2019浙江)4.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle (hear).to findto careto wearto beheard5.When we got a call (say)she was short-listed，we thought i

22、t was a joke.(2019全國)6.I didnt mean to eat anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help (try) it.7.She forced herself (be) polite to them.8. (enjoy) the convenience of digital payment，many senior citizens started to use smart phones.9.The man (circulate) the fake news that 18 firefi

23、ghters lost their lives in the explosion was arrested.sayingtryingto beTo enjoycirculating10.It took her three hours (repair) her bike.11.Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene declared she had no plans (retire) from her 36-year-old business.(2019全國)12.Modern methods of tracking pol

24、ar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s，and are expensive (perform) consistently over a large area.(2019全國)to repairto retireto perform.語法填空 A man looking at his smartphone while walking across a railway crossing in Nanjing 13. (have) a close knock yesterday.He was so 14. (ab

25、sorb) in his smartphone that he didnt see a train approaching until it brushed past him，語篇解讀如今手機上癮現(xiàn)象非常嚴(yán)重，對人們的生活有著很大的危害。文章告訴我們是我們的自控力和自我約束力差導(dǎo)致了此種現(xiàn)象，并非手機本身的問題。解析考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)時間“yesterday”可知，此處是在描述發(fā)生在過去的事情，故用一般過去時。解析考查固定短語。be absorbed in“專心致志于，全神貫注于”，是固定短語。hadabsorbed15. (throw)him to the ground.This should

26、serve 16. a warning that people should be aware of their surroundings，especially 17._crossing roads.throwing解析考查現(xiàn)在分詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“火車與他擦身而過，把他摔在了地上”，train和throw之間是主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。解析考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。serve as意為“起作用，產(chǎn)生效果”，此處表示“這應(yīng)該給人們起一個警告作用”。解析考查連詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“尤其是當(dāng)過馬路的時候”，故用when或while，此處是“主語系動詞”的省略。可還原為：especially when/while they are crossing roads。aswhen/while18. (lucky)，the man survived a brush with death，but the incide