猜測詞義演示文稿 完整版課件

1、猜測詞義題解題技巧在閱讀中我們經(jīng)常會遇到許多生詞。這時許多同學(xué)立即翻閱詞典，查找詞義。這樣做不但費(fèi)時費(fèi)力，而且影響閱讀速度、影響對語篇的整體把握。事實(shí)上，閱讀材料中的每個詞與它前后的詞語或句子甚至段落都有聯(lián)系。我們可以利用語境（各種已知信息）推測、判斷某些生詞的詞義。近年來全國統(tǒng)一高考中加大了對考生猜詞義能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜詞技巧，對突破高考閱讀理解、提高我們的英語語言能力都有非常重要，這種題常見的提問方式有：The word “” in paragraph can best be replaced by .The underlined word “” most probably m

2、eans .By saying “”, the author means The expression “” is closest to According to the passage, the phrase “” suggests The underlined part “ ” (in Para. ) means .做這種類型的題，要根據(jù)詞、詞組、句子所在的語境來判斷其意義。因此熟練掌握一些猜詞技巧是做好這類題的關(guān)鍵。命題者在出這類題時慣用常規(guī)詞義來麻痹考生，我們要特別注意熟詞生義，切不可脫離語境想當(dāng)然。猜測詞義時，一般可利用以下三個方面的線索：一 針對性的解釋針對性解釋是作者為了更好的表

3、達(dá)思想，在文章中對一些重要的概念、難懂的術(shù)語或高深的詞匯等所做的通俗化的解釋。這些解釋提供的信息明確具體，所使用的語言通俗易懂，利用它們來猜測詞義就非常簡單。1 根據(jù)定義（definition）猜測詞義如果生詞有一個句子或段落來定義，那么理解這個句子或段落本身就是推斷詞義。定義常用的謂語動詞多為：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。例如：（05 湖北卷A段）Do you know what a “territory” is ? A territo

4、ry is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims（聲稱）as its own.由定義可推知，這里territory指的是：。（04 浙江卷B段）Green building means “reducing the impact (影響) of the building on the land”.由定義我們可以推斷這里 Green building 指的是什么。2 根據(jù)舉例猜測詞義恰當(dāng)?shù)呐e例能夠提供猜測生詞的重要線索。例如：（04 遼寧卷C段）The course gives you chances to know great powe

5、r polities between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and t

6、he World Bank.根據(jù)such as 后面列舉的一系列例子，我們應(yīng)該能推斷出句中的issue 是指。動物的地盤議題二 內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系根據(jù)內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系推測詞義是指應(yīng)用語言知識分析和判斷相關(guān)信息之間存在的邏輯關(guān)系，然后根據(jù)邏輯聯(lián)系推斷生詞詞義或大致義域。1 根據(jù)對比關(guān)系猜測詞義在一個句子或段落中，有對兩個事物或現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行對比性的描述，我們可以根據(jù)生詞的反義詞猜測其詞義。表示對比關(guān)系的詞匯和短語主要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 等。 表示對比關(guān)系的句子結(jié)構(gòu)：while 引導(dǎo)的并列句。例如：（NMET

7、 2002 E篇）A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.What does the underlined word “hassle” (paragraph 1) probably mean?A. a party designed by specialistsB. a plan requiring careful thoughtC. a situation causing difficulty or troubleD. a demand made by guestsC2 根據(jù)比較

8、關(guān)系猜測詞義同對比關(guān)系相反，比較關(guān)系表示意義上的相似關(guān)系。表示比較關(guān)系的詞和短語主要有：similarly, like, just as, also, as well as 等。例如：Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.3 根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測詞義在句子或段落中，若兩個事物現(xiàn)象之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，我們可以根據(jù)這種邏輯關(guān)系推測生詞詞義。例如：（05上海卷B段）I feel that since you are my superior , it would be presumptuous of me to tell

9、 you what to do .”The word “presumptuous” in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to “ ”.Afull of respect Btoo confident and rudeClacking in experience Dtoo shy and quiet（05江西卷D段）Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves.B修剪健談的4 根據(jù)同義、近義、并列、替代、

10、說明等關(guān)系猜測詞義在句子或段落中，我們可以利用熟悉的詞語，根據(jù)語言環(huán)境所表示的關(guān)系推斷生詞詞義。例如：（05 江蘇卷E段）William Shakespeare said. “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（紗線），good and ill together.”The underlined word “mingled” in the last paragraph most probably means .Asimple Bmixed Csad Dhappy（04 湖北卷C段）Is it possible to beat high blood p

11、ressure without drugs ? The answer is “yes”, according to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers.根據(jù)and three other medical centers 這種并列關(guān)系，我們很容易推斷出：Johns Hopkins 是一家醫(yī)療中心。B三 通過構(gòu)詞法在猜測詞義過程中，我們還可以依靠構(gòu)詞法方面的知識，從生詞本身猜測詞義。1 根據(jù)前綴猜測詞義例如：（05江西卷E段）Do you have any strong opinion on co-edu

12、cational or single-sex schools?根據(jù)詞根educational （教育的），結(jié)合前綴co-（共同，一起），我們便可以猜出co-educational的意思是：2 根據(jù)后綴猜測詞義例如：（05 廣東卷E段）Its a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on Englands most southerly point后綴 -ise/ize意思是“使成為；使化”，結(jié)合詞根commercial（商業(yè)的），不難猜出

13、uncommercialized 的意思是：3 根據(jù)復(fù)合詞的各部分猜測詞義例如：（05 北京卷B段）Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（別扭的）hand positions.Well-designed 或許是個生詞，但我們分析該詞的結(jié)構(gòu)后，就能推測出其含義。它由well （好，優(yōu)秀）和design （設(shè)計(jì)）兩部分組成，合在一起便是（04浙江卷D 段）We live in a technolo