被動語態(tài)精講 完整版課件

1、go被動語態(tài)部分新邵四中 張夢龍the subjunctive mood虛擬語氣英語的兩大語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)A.主動語態(tài)中主語是謂語動詞的發(fā)出者。賓語是謂語動詞的對象。B.被動語態(tài)中主語是謂語動詞的承受者(動作的對象)。 (把主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)也就是把主動句中的賓語改為被動句的主語，這是最關(guān)鍵的著眼點，同時謂語動詞作相應(yīng)的變化。)被動語態(tài)的謂語構(gòu)成:助動詞be動詞過去分詞(根據(jù)句子的主語和時態(tài)，助動詞be有am, is, are, was, were,been幾個形式變化。)什么時候要用被動語態(tài)呢？在下列三種情況之一要用被動語態(tài)：不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰，用被動語態(tài)。沒有必要指出誰是動作

2、的執(zhí)行者，用被動語態(tài)。需要強調(diào)動作的承受者時，用被動語態(tài)。主動句中謂語動詞的發(fā)出者由by引出，作為by的賓語，也可以省略。請看以下主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換：主動語態(tài):主語謂語賓語被動語態(tài):例： We clean our classroom every day. （主動）注意把主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)時，句子的時態(tài)不能變。如上 例，所給的主動句子是一般現(xiàn)在時，改為被動語態(tài)時，也 要用一般現(xiàn)在時。如果主動句中的主語是人稱代詞，改為被動句時作介詞 by的賓語，要用賓格。如上例中的主語we改為us。主語by+賓語be+過去分詞Our classroomis cleanedby usevery day（

3、被動） 把下列主動句改為被動句 Lily writes many letters every day. (主動) They visited this farm last year.（主動） We have learned 3000 English words so far.（主動）Many lettersare writtenby Lilyevery day.This farmwas visitedby themlast year.3000 English wordshave been learnedby usso far.在被動語態(tài)中要注意的問題在上面我們已經(jīng)初步了解了被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成和主動變

4、被動的方法。下面我們接著學習在被動語態(tài)中要注意的問題。一些使役動詞(let, have, make等)或感觀動詞(see, hear, watch,notice等)在主動語態(tài)中后面接的動詞不定式不帶to，但改為被動語態(tài)時，要補上to。如：The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day. The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss.I saw him enter the house. He was seen to enter the house by me.The teacher l

5、et them leave the classroom after class. They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class.We hear her sing in the room every day. She is heard to sing in the room every day.注意當使用see/hear/watch sb doing sth時，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時， doing保持不變。如： I saw him going into the shop.(主動) He was seen going int

6、o the shop.(被動) 使役動詞和感觀動詞主被動語態(tài)對照表主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)使役動詞make sb do sthsb be made to do sthhave sb do sthsb be had to do sthlet sb do sthsb be let to do sth感觀動詞see sb do sthsb be seen to do sthwatch sb do sthsb be watched to do sthhear sb do sthsb be heard to do sthnotice sb do sthsb be noticed to do sthgoHomew

7、ork把下列句子改為被動語態(tài)1. We plant many trees every year. Many trees are planted by us every year.2. His mother made him wash his own clothes at the age of 10. He was made to wash his own clothes by his mother at the age of 10. 含有短語的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。一般來說，只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)，因為只有及物動詞才有承受者。但許多不及物動詞加上副詞或介詞構(gòu)成動詞短語也相當于及物動詞的用法，可以帶賓

8、語，因而也有被動語態(tài)。動詞短語主要有三種：A 及物動詞+副詞 如： turn off 、 set up 、 carry out 、 put off 、take away 、 turn on 、 hand in 、 move away 、 pass on 、 write down 、put away 、 put on 、 take down 、send away 、 try on 、 put down 、sell out 、 hold on 、 try out 、 send up 、 take off 、 wear out 、wake up 、take out 、dress up 、 give

9、back 、 work out 、 get back 、 find out 、pick up 、give up 、 pull up 、 put up 等B 不及物動詞+介詞 如： look after talk about play with等C.“動詞+名詞+介詞” 構(gòu)成的短語。如： take care of、 pay attention to、make use of等動詞短語是不可分割的整體，在變被動語態(tài)時，不可丟掉構(gòu)成動詞短語的副詞或介詞。請看下面的例子：They set up the factory in 2000. The factory was set up in 2000.Our

10、 school will put off the School Sports meeting until December. The School Sports meeting will be put off until December.People have talked about the accident . The accident has been talked about.You should pay more attention to your study this year. Your study should be paid more attention to this y

11、ear.帶有介詞或副詞的動詞短語，在改為被動語態(tài)時，不能把介詞或副詞拆開。帶有雙賓語的被動結(jié)構(gòu)在句中的使用。 有些動詞可以帶兩個賓語，即指人的間賓和指物的直賓?？梢詫⑵渲幸粋€賓語提到前面做主語，另一個留在后面。Her parents bought her a new computer yesterday. She was bought a new computer yesterday. A new computer was bought for her yesterday.They have given me some good advice. I have been given some g

12、ood advice. Some good advice has been given to me.She will write a long letter to David Smith. A long letter will be written to David Smith. David Smith will be written a long letter. buy sth for sbgive sth to sb帶雙賓語的動詞主要有以下幾個：give, buy, sell, take, bring, make, hand, pass, keep, send等帶雙賓語的動詞，改為被動語態(tài)

13、，當用直接賓語作主語時，要根據(jù)動詞的習慣配搭、要在間接賓語前補上介詞to或for.它們的句型主要有以下幾個：give sth to sb=give sb sthbuy sth for sb=buy sb sthsell sth to sb=sell sb sthtake sth to sb=take sb sthbring sth to sb=bring sb sthmake sth for sb=make sb sthhand sth to sb=hand sb sthpass sth to sb=pass sb sthkeep sth for sb=keep sb sthsend sth

14、to sb=send sb sth 例：He passed me some paper.(主動) Some paper was passed to me by him.（被動）You must keep some fruit for him.(主動) Some fruit must be kept for him.（被動）三、一些特殊的被動結(jié)構(gòu)（1）某些系動詞，如feel. smell. taste. sound等加上形容詞， 可用主動語態(tài)表被動意義。e.g.:The food tastes delicious. The music sounds very familiar to me.（2）

15、動詞need. require. want. be worth. deserve后加v.-ing 的主動結(jié)構(gòu)常表示被動含義e.g.: My watch cant work, it needs repairing. This film is really worth seeing. need, demand, want(需要）, require, be worth等后用動名詞表被動。The desk needs repairing. The novel is worth seeing.注意：need后可接動名詞表被動，又可接動詞不定式的被動形式。但若有附加成分有用動詞不定式的被動形式。比較：Th

16、e desk needs repairing.The desk needs to be repaired this afternoon.4) 注意動名詞的被動形式，（being done) Nobody likes being laughed of. 沒人喜歡被嘲笑。The end 翻譯下列句子電視機關(guān)掉了。 The TV set was turned off.2. 那小偷被抓住了。 The thief was caught.3. 所有的窗戶都被打破了。 All the windows were broken. Fill in the blanks with the Passive Voice

17、. 1、Tea _ (grow) in Fujian. 2、Chinese _ (speak) in China. 3、The bed _ (use) for sleeping. 4、Our classroom _ (clean) every day. 5、The cars _ (make) in Beijing.is grownis spokenis usedis cleanedare made歸納總結(jié)方法 把主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)可按“ 、 、 ”來進 行。即： 變把主動語態(tài)的賓語改為被動語態(tài)的主語，把主動 語態(tài)的主語改為被動語態(tài)的介詞by的賓語。套根據(jù)原句的時態(tài)套用相應(yīng)時態(tài)。注意注意人稱的

18、變化而引起的主謂一致問題。 例：Many people speak English. English by many people. He washed his shoes yesterday. His shoes by him yesterday.is spokenwere washed一變二套三注意各種時態(tài)的主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)謂語結(jié)構(gòu)對照表時 態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)1一般現(xiàn)在時do/doesam/is/are+過去分詞2一般過去時didwas/were+過去分詞3一般將來時will/be going to+動詞原形will/be going to+be+過去分詞4過去將來時would+動詞原形would+be+過去分詞5現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞am/is/are+being+過去分詞6過去進行時was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞was/were+being+過去分詞7現(xiàn)在完成時have/has+過去分詞have/has+been+過去分詞8過去完成時had+過去分詞had+been+過去分詞9含情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞把下列主動句改為被動句1. The boy cleaned the desk a moment ago