高中英語語法專題復(fù)習(xí)省略句課件

1、高中英語語法專題復(fù)習(xí)省略句高東東一.考綱要求按照考試大綱的要求，考生應(yīng)掌握英語省略的一些基本原則，在行文中正確地使用省略。二。命題導(dǎo)向近年的高考試題主要考查定語從句、賓語從句、狀語從句、簡(jiǎn)單句中和交際語境中的省略。一、概述 在英語中，為了避免重復(fù)而省去某些重復(fù)的部分，這種現(xiàn)象叫省略。如：知識(shí)詳解 Beg you pardon. Sounds like a good idea. （ I ）Beg you pardon. ( It ) Sounds like a good idea.知識(shí)詳解二、分類詳解（一）簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略1、 省略主語 祈使句中主語通常省略；其它省略主語多限于少數(shù)現(xiàn)成的說法。如：

2、 Thank you for your help. ( I ) Thank you for your help.簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略 Doesnt matter. ( It ) doesnt matter.知識(shí)詳解3、省略作賓語的不定式短語，只保留to，但如果該賓語是動(dòng)詞be或完成時(shí)態(tài)，則須在之后加上be或have 。如： Are you going there? Yes, Id like to .簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略 He didnt give me the chance, though he had promised to . Are you an engineer? No, but I want t

3、o . He hasnt finished the task yet. Well, he ought to .(go there).(give me the chance).behave知識(shí)詳解4、省略表語。如： Are you thirsty? Yes, I am .簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略 His brother isnt lazy, nor is his sister .(thirsty).(lazy).5、同時(shí)省略幾個(gè)成分 。如： Lets meet at the same place as yesterday.(we met)同時(shí)省略主、謂語知識(shí)詳解1、主句中有一些成分被省略，如： 主從復(fù)合句

4、中的省略 Pity that he missed such a good chance.( Its a )知識(shí)詳解 Are you leaving for Beijing this Sunday? I think so.主從復(fù)合句中的省略soIm leaving for Beijing this Sunday.狀語條件句 Tom must be free today. If so. He can help us.sohe is free.2、賓語從句中有一些成分被省略、而用so或not來代替，如： 知識(shí)詳解 It is going to rain, isnt it? I hope not.主從

5、復(fù)合句中的省略notit is not going to rain.這種用法常見的有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so.及I suppose/believe/hope/guess not. Why not?等等。定 語 從 句 的 簡(jiǎn)化1、把定語從句簡(jiǎn)化為形容詞短語作定語。（如果定語從句的表語是形容詞短語）She received a box which was full of gifts. She received a box full of gifts.她收到了滿滿一盒子禮物。 2、把定語從句簡(jiǎn)化為介詞短語。（如果定語從句的

6、表語是介詞短語）The books which lie/is under the bed arent worth reading. The books under the bed arent worth reading.床下那些書不值得讀。 定 語 從 句 的 簡(jiǎn)化3、1.把定語從句簡(jiǎn)化為不定式或不定式短語作定語。（如果定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般將來時(shí)，或先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或追高級(jí)修飾，或last only 修飾，或者先行詞是不定代詞something,anthing.）Have you anything that you want to say at the meeting? Have you

7、 anything to say at the meeting?你在會(huì)上有什么要說的嗎？ Mary is the only person that can save me from danger.Mary is the only person to save me from danger.定 語 從 句 的 簡(jiǎn)化3.2、把定語從句變成不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作定語。例如： Is there anything else that we can do? Is there anything else for us to do?還有其它我們可做的事嗎？ 3.3.定語從句簡(jiǎn)化為 介詞+which +不定式（含有介

8、詞的短語動(dòng)詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在動(dòng)詞的后面） The farmers use wood to build a house in which they can store grain.The farmers use wood to build a house in which to store grain5.另外：還可以把表明身份、職業(yè)等非限定性定語從句簡(jiǎn)化為同位語結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： Lao Zhang,who was our hospital driver,died yesterday. Lao Zhang,our hospital driver,died yesterday.老張，我們醫(yī)院的司機(jī)

9、，昨天去世了。 The old man,who is a famous scientist,is coming to give us a report. The old man,a famous scientist,is coming to give us a report.那位老人，一個(gè)著名的科學(xué)家，要來給我們作報(bào)告。定 語 從 句 的 簡(jiǎn)化狀語從句的省略在以when, while, once引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句及以if, unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，如果從句中的主語與主句中的主語指同一對(duì)象，且從句中含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句中可省去“主語+be”部分。 Unless invited, he

10、wont come. Unless he is invited, he wont come. he While he is doing house work, my father often listens to music. he is While doing house work, my father often listens to music. he is he狀語從句的省略狀語從句的簡(jiǎn)化具體講解一、當(dāng)狀語從句的主語是it, 且謂語動(dòng)詞是be時(shí)，it和be可完全簡(jiǎn)化掉。例如： If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the diffic

11、ulty. 如果可能的話，他會(huì)幫你擺脫困境。 You must attend the meeting on time unless (it is) inconvenient to you. 除非情況對(duì)你不便，否則你必須出席這個(gè)會(huì)議。 二、當(dāng)狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致時(shí)，從句可以將主語和be動(dòng)詞簡(jiǎn)化掉。常用于以下情形： 連詞+形容詞 As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike. 他小時(shí)候就學(xué)會(huì)了怎樣騎自行車。 Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping. 她有空就去購物。 Work ha

12、rd when (you are) young, or youll regret. 少壯不努力，老大徒傷悲。 連詞名詞 While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others. 他在孩提時(shí)代，就樂于助人。 連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 （相當(dāng)于非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語）As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song. 她沿著河堤邊走邊唱著流行歌曲。 Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, h

13、e has still got no good marks. 盡管近來他一直在努力學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)，但仍然沒有取得好成績(jī)。 狀語從句的簡(jiǎn)化4. 連詞+過去分詞 （相當(dāng)于非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語） He wont go there with us unless (he is) invited. 除非受到邀請(qǐng)，否則他是不會(huì)和我 們一道去那兒的。 The concert was a great success than (it was) expected. 這場(chǎng)音樂會(huì)出乎意料地獲得了巨大成功。 5. 連詞+不定式 （相當(dāng)于非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語） He stood up as if (he were) to say som

14、ething. 他站起來好像要說點(diǎn)什么。 He wouldnt solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge. 即使他來負(fù)責(zé)也解決不了這個(gè)問題。 6. 連詞+介詞短語 She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble. 她看上去很焦慮，就好像是遇到了麻煩。 He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA. 他到美國(guó)之前就精通英語了。 注意：若從句主語和主句主語不一致，從句部分要么用完全形式，要么用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來

15、表達(dá)。例如： When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-place. 當(dāng)會(huì)議結(jié)束時(shí)，所有的人都走出了會(huì)場(chǎng)。(=The meeting over, .) 狀語從句的簡(jiǎn)化知識(shí)詳解 My brother is a doctor and my sister-in-law (is) a lawyer.并列中的省略（省略相同的謂語動(dòng)詞）1、兩個(gè)并列句中，后一個(gè)分句常省略與前一分句中相同的部分。 如： When summer comes, the day is getting longer and longer, an

16、d the night (is getting) shorter and shorter.(is getting)(is)省略相同的謂語動(dòng)詞（三）并列句中的省略知識(shí)詳解其它形式的省略 We all know (that) the earth runs around the sun.(that)（四）其它形式的省略1、連詞的that省略賓語從句中常省略連詞that，但當(dāng)有兩個(gè)并列的賓語從句時(shí)，第二個(gè)that則不能省略。 Mary said (that) she is from American and that she is 16 years old.(that)知識(shí)詳解其它形式的省略2、不定式

17、符號(hào)to的省略 My father often asks me to go to the market and to buy some vegetables.(to)（1）并列的不定式可省去后面的 to.（2）介詞but前若有動(dòng)詞do（did, does, done)，后面的不定式不帶 to，否則要帶to. He had no choice but to wait. to He had nothing to do but wait.wait前若有do后則無to，前若無do，后必帶to知識(shí)詳解其它形式的省略 Id like to help (to) do it for you.(to)（3） h

18、elp 作“幫助”講時(shí)，后面的賓語或賓補(bǔ)的不定式符號(hào)to可帶可不帶。（4） find 作“發(fā)現(xiàn)”講時(shí)，后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式符號(hào)to可帶可不帶。 The parents found their son to study very hard. (to) We found he to be very humorous.to be He is kind enough to help me to do some work.(to)但如果是不定式 to be，則不能省略。但如果是不定式 to be，則不能省略。但如果是不定式 to be，則不能省略。知識(shí)詳解其它形式的省略 What he can do

19、 is to keep silent.(to)（6）主語從句中有動(dòng)詞do,后面作表語的不定式的 to可帶可不帶。3、在以if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句中若含有were, had, should時(shí)，?？梢允÷詉f而將were, had, should置于句。 Were I you, Id give the AIDS patient a hug. Were Had I a lot of money, Id aid the poor children.Had Should there be bird-flu, what would we do?Should知識(shí)詳解其它形式的省略 He suggest we

20、should set out right away.(should)4、在含有表示“命令、要求、建議、許可”或“禁止”等意義的名詞性從句中使用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”表示虛擬語氣的，should常可以省略。如： His suggestion is that we should set out right away.(should) The order that we should stay where we are is very serious and severe.(should) Its very important that students should study hard

21、at school.(should)類似的動(dòng)詞是：I DROP CAPS (insist堅(jiān)持,demand要求,require要求，request請(qǐng)求，recommend建議，order命令，propose建議，command命令，ask要求，advise建議，prefer寧愿，suggest建議，)1.狀語從句的省略：在以when, while, if, as if, though (although), as, whether, once等連詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式、讓步等狀語從句中，常常省略相同的主語或作主語的代詞it以及be動(dòng)詞,保留現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、介詞短語、不定式等。高 考

22、 考 點(diǎn).狀語從句中的省略：當(dāng)狀語從句的主語與主句的主語一致，謂語動(dòng)詞含有be時(shí)，或狀語從句為there be結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以省略狀語從句的主語和謂語be，常見結(jié)構(gòu)為:1).連詞as/as if/once+名詞Once( he was) a teacher ,he now works in a government .2)連詞though/whether/when+形容詞Work hard when (you are) young, or you will regret .3).連詞whether /as if /while+介詞短語He looks everywhere as if (he wa

23、s) looking for something.4)連詞when/while/though+現(xiàn)在分詞While (I was )walking in the street, I heard my name called .5).連詞when/if/even if/unless/once/until/than/as+過去分詞The exhibition is more interesting than( it was) expected.6).連詞as if/as though +不定式He opened his lips as if (he were) to speak.當(dāng)狀語從句的主語為i

24、t ,謂語動(dòng)詞含有be時(shí)，可以省略狀語從句的主語和謂語be，常見結(jié)構(gòu)為:連詞if/unless/when/whenever+形容詞Unless( it is) necessary, youd better not refer to the dictionary.7)if+ so/not省略句式， so/not 代替上文內(nèi)容Get up early tomorrow morning, if not (you dont get up early), you will miss the bus. 練習(xí)：補(bǔ)充省略部分1) When in trouble , I always turn to her f

25、or help. 2) Errors , if any, should be corrected. 3）He seldom goes to the cinema, if ever. I amthere is he has ever been4) Wood gives much smoke while burning. 5) The letter is to be left here until called for . 6) Henry stopped walking as if to wait for her 7) You must eat it when fresh. wood isit

26、ishe wasit is2、 比較狀語從句的省略 1) 以as, than 引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句可以全部或部分省去。 如：He got up early as usual (he did). After half an hour, she became quieter (than she had been). He studies as hard as you (study). 2）在the + 比較級(jí). , the +比較級(jí) 的句型中, 當(dāng)謂語是be 動(dòng)詞時(shí) , 而且主語非代詞時(shí), 常省略動(dòng)詞be. The older you are , the poorer your memory. （m

27、emory will be ） The more I can do , the better （better it will be） 3. 以as soon as 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的主語和主句主語一致時(shí),可用on/upon doing 形式簡(jiǎn)化狀語從句, 此時(shí)的動(dòng)詞為瞬間動(dòng)詞. As soon as he arrived at the village , Dr. Bethune began to operate on the wounded soldiers. On /Upon arriving at the village , Dr. Bethune began to operate on t

28、he wounded soldiers. 4. 定語從句中的省略1)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞that /which /who在從句中作主語且后面有be動(dòng)詞，我們可以省略關(guān)系代詞及be動(dòng)詞. 如：The girl (who is) standing under the tree is Mary. The bridge (which was) built in 1927 broke down. The girl (who is) in front of the classroom is Mary.2)在限制性定語從句起賓語作用的關(guān)系代詞that, which, whom可以省略;在the same. a

29、s和such. as引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,可以省略與主句相同的部分;先行詞是 direction(方向) , way(方式) , distance(距離) , time(時(shí)間) , times(倍數(shù)) 等后面所接的定語從句中常省略that, which, in which 如: 如：He is one of the man (whom) I can trust. We will do the same work as they (do). I dont like the way (that/in which) you speak to your mother. The direction (in

30、which ) we move a body (物體) can be changed. The distance (that/ which ) light travels in one second is 300000 kilometers. 5.虛擬語氣中的省略 If Thomas Edison had stored his money , he would have died a wealthy man . Had Thomas Edison stored his money , he would have died a wealthy man . 注: 虛擬語氣的 if條件句中省略if把

31、 had(助動(dòng)詞), should , were 提前.It was suggested that the meeting be put off until the next week .注: 在表建議,命令,勸告等詞后所接虛擬語氣的should +動(dòng)詞原形中的 should 常省略.五、 在一些固定搭配或句型中省略某些介詞 have difficulty (in) doing sth spend some time / money (in) doing sth be busy (in) doing sth waste some time (in) doing sth have a hard

32、time (in) doing sth There is no use (in) doing sth六. 省略語還經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在新聞標(biāo)題或使用說明中 例如： Newspaper headlines: Turandot on stage Signs and labels: No smoking Instructions: Do not bend Postcards and diaries: Have not had time to write diary Notes: Opera OK, costumes greatLets practice.1. He was a swimmer when _.

33、A. to be a child B. a child C. being a child D. as a child.2. When _ , he worked very hard all his life. A. was young B. be young C. being young D. youngWhile _, I paid a visit to the Summer Palace. A. was in Beijing B. to be in Beijing C. be in Beijing D. in Beijinghe was a child.he was youngI was

34、in BeijingBDDLets practice.4. I hate talking with that guy. Look, he is coming. What should I do? Dont speak until _. A. speaking B. spoken to C. spoken D. speaking to5. The exhibition is more interesting than _. A.expected B. expect C. expecting D. to expect 6. The man we followed suddenly stopped

35、and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction. (NMET2003) A. seeingB. having C. to have seen D. to seeyou are spoken toit was expected.he was to seeBADLets practice.7.I wonder why you didnt do it as _. Its the third time you have done so. A. told to B. be told C. told you D. you tol

36、d8.Once _ during the examination, you will be punished. A. caught cheat B. catching to cheat C. catch cheating D. caught cheating9.Ask him to take you home if _. A.is possibleB. to be possible C.possible. D. being possible 10._ your letter, I would have written back two days ago. A. If I received B.

37、 Should I receive C. Had I received D. I could have received you were told toyou are caught cheatingit is possibleIf I had receivedADCCLets practice 2.1.Why did you take a taxi? I _. I was late. A. have to B. have to do C. had to D. had to do2.He is not _his sister,but _ _. A.taller than；stronger B.

38、 so tall as；strong C. taller than；is stronger D. as tall as; stronger3. Im going to dig it up. What _? A. withB. byC. at D. from4. Have you been here long? _. A. No，not very B. Not much C. Yes，only little D. No, only yesterdayhad to take a taxi taller than he is stronger than his sisterare you going

39、 to dig it up withNo, I have not been here very longCAAALets practice.5. What do you think made Mary so upset? _ her new bicycle_. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing6. Dont forget to come to my birthday party. _. A.I dont B.I wont C.I dont forget D.I wont forget7. Be sure to get u

40、p earlier tomorrow morning. _. Ill be as early as a bird. A. OK.I will B. Im afraid I can C. Of course not D. No，I willLosing made her so upsetI wont forget to come to your birthday partyOK. I will get up earlier tomorrow morningCBALets practice.8.Whats the matter with you? I didnt pass the test，but

41、 I still _ _. A. hope soB. hope to C. hope itD. hope that9.I am happy if you _. A. happyB. are C. willD. be10.Are you a film star? _.A.Yes，I was B.I used to be C.I used to D.Im used to hope to pass the testare happyI used to be a film starBBBLets practice. 1.Meeting my uncle after all these years wa

42、s an unforgettable moment，_ I will always treasure.(MNE2002) A.that B. one C. it D. what 2.You have three children，but I have only two _. A. one B. ones C./ D. child3. Can I have a cup of black coffee with sugar, please? Give me _ , please. A. it B. the same C. that D. soa momentchildrenthe same bla

43、ck coffeeBCBLets practice4 I say it is your turn to be on duty today. _? A. MineB.I C. Myself D. Me5. Can you climb that tree，my boy? _? A.I B. Mine C. MyselfD. Me6. Why didnt you do your homework yesterday? But _，sir. A.I did soB.I didnt do it C.I didnt forget D.I did do itI often think of my child

44、hood, during _ I lived on my uncles farm. A. which B. whenC. whereD. whoIs it my turn to be on duty todayCan I climb that treeI did do my homework(my childhood)ADDALets practice.8. May I help you with some shoes，sir? Yes，Id like to try on those white _. A. one B. onesC. twoD. pair9. Whats the differ

45、ence between the first house and the second? The first one has a garage while the second has _. A. nothing B. none C. no oneD. neither10. Canada has a large area than _ China. A. that ofB. the one of C. it of D./shoes/pairsno garagethe area ofBB(nobody)A一、狀語從句中句子成分的省略e.g. 1. Generally speaking, _acc

46、ording to directions, the drug has no side effect. A. when taking B. when takenC. when to take D. when to be takenB2. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university. lacked lacking ofC. lacking D. lacked in C二、動(dòng)詞不定式的省略 在同一句或聯(lián)系緊密的對(duì)話里，常把不定式to后內(nèi)容相同的部分省略，只保留to。 1. - You should have thanke

47、d her before you left. - I meant _, but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere. A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing itB2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A . not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to A三、虛擬條件句中連詞if的省略 在虛擬條件句中，如含有had, were, should等

48、時(shí)，if可省略，句子倒裝。 e.g. Had I known that air conditioners cause so much pollution, I would have never bought one.What would have happened _, as far as the river bank? A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked fartherC- Do you think its going to rai

49、n over the weekend?- _. A. I dont believe B. I dont believe itC. I believe not so D. I believe not D四、賓語從句的省略在同一句或聯(lián)系緊密的對(duì)話里，后一句常常省略內(nèi)容相同的賓語從句或從句的一部分。 五、主、謂、賓等成分的省略在英語情景會(huì)話中，答語常常省略不會(huì)引起歧義的主語、謂語或賓語部分，而只保留對(duì)方希望了解的內(nèi)容。在復(fù)合句或并列句中，也有省略主、謂、賓的情況。 1. -What do you think made Mary so upset? -_her new bicycle. A. As s

50、he lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losingC2. One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and_. A. the other is white B. another whiteC. the other white D. another is white3. - Would you like some wine? - Yes, just _. A. little B. very little C. a little D. a fewCC高考真題1. Would you li

51、ke some more tea? _, please.（NMET2005，全國(guó)卷II，12）A. No moreB. Just a littleC. Ive had enoughD. Yes, I would2. Itll take at least 2 hours to do this! Oh, _! I could do it in 30 minutes. (NMET2005，上海 39)A. come onB. pardon meC. your are rightD. dont mention it高考真題3. How about putting some pictures into

52、the report? _ A picture is worth a thousand words. （NMET2005，江蘇，24）A. No way.B. Why not?C. All right?D. No matter.4. When _ help, one often says “Thank you.” or “Its kind of you.” (NMET2005，福建，33)A. offeringB. to offerC. to be offeredD. offered高考真題5. Why didnt you buy the camera you had longed for?

53、I planed to, but I was 50 _. （NMET2005，福建，34）A. fewerB. lessC. cheapD. short6. Would you mind my coming over and having a look at your new garden? My little sons curious about those roses you grow.” _. Youre welcome. (NMET2005，湖北，25)A. Yes, I do B. Never mindC. Yes, pleaseD. Not at all高考真題7. Tom: Mike, our team will play against the Rockets this weekend. Im sure we will win. Mike: _! （NMET2005，