高中情態(tài)動詞 完整版課件PPT

1、Unit 2 Sports events Grammar and usage牛津版 高一 模塊四Unit 2 How many modal verbs can you list?can, could, may, might, must, have to, shall, should, will, would, dare, need, ought to情態(tài)動詞一、特征1)情態(tài)動詞本身有詞義, 表示說話人的語氣或情態(tài),但詞義不完全, 不能單獨作謂語動詞, 只能加動詞原形一起(ought等除外) 構(gòu)成謂語動詞。2)情態(tài)動詞所表示的情態(tài)有: 能力、義務(wù)、可能、允許、請求、建議、忠告、必要、敢于、需要等

2、。abilitycertaintypermissionobligation make requests make suggestionsmake offersgive advice能力義務(wù),責任允許、許可提出請求提出建議提供幫忙提出忠告可能性、確定性情態(tài)動詞所表示的情態(tài)有:形式變化情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化, 第三人稱單數(shù)的一般現(xiàn)在時也無變化。有些情態(tài)動詞有過去式, 如： can could; shall should dare dared; need - needed情態(tài)動詞的種類 1.只用作情態(tài)動詞的有： must, can / could, may / might, ought to 2

3、.既可作情態(tài)動詞又可作實義動詞的有： need, dare 3.既可作情態(tài)動詞又為助動詞的有： shall / should / will / would 4. 具有情態(tài)動詞某些特征的詞： have to, be able to基本用法1. canShe can drive, but she cant ride a bicycle. 表“能力”，“能/會做某事” Can I use your telephone? 表“請求，許可”，翻譯為“能夠/可以做某事嗎” 用于否定句或疑問句，表 “懷疑、猜測、不肯定” This cant be done by Tom. “不可能” Can this be

4、 true? “有時候會” Jogging can be harmful to the health.2. may, might 用在疑問句中，表示 “允許” 或 “請求” 。might比may語氣更委婉。 “可以嗎” May I smoke in this room?用在肯定句和否定句中，表“猜測”, 翻譯為“可能” 。might的可能性比may小。 He may know the truth.3. must must表 “必須，一定”, mustnt表“禁止，不許”4. have to 表示 “不得不” “必須” 的概念, 比must更含有 “客觀條件使得不得不如此做” 。練一練 If y

5、ou _ go, at least wait until the storm is over. (2011遼寧) A. can B. may C. must D. willmust 表示“偏要，硬要，一定要”C練一練Two year ago, my husband bought me abicycle. If you live in town, it is often fasterthan a car and you worry about parking. A. must not B. may not C. should notD. dont have toD 1). shall用于第一、三

6、人稱的疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見和向?qū)Ψ秸埵尽?). shall 用于第二、三人稱的陳述句中，表示說話人給對方的命令，警告，允諾，決心或威脅。You shall have the book when I finish it.(允諾)May I have a look?（征求意見）shall 練一練 Sir, _ he go or stay? Let him go. A. will B. shall C. might D. couldB 高考真題1. What does the sign over there read?“No person _ smoke or carry a ligh

7、ted cigarette, in this area.”(四川 2007)A. willB. mayC. shall D. mustC6. should表“建議”, 翻譯為 “應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當”。7. will 在陳述句中, 表示其 “意志” “意愿” “決心”等。在疑問句中，用第二人稱作主語, 表示說話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣埵净蛟儐枴?有時表示一種習慣動作或狀態(tài)或自然規(guī)律。表推測，可能性的用法肯定式否定式疑問式might比may語氣弱比may not 弱may或許，也許可能不could可疑的可能不可能有可能嗎should按說應(yīng)該/ought to按說應(yīng)該/will該是（將來）/must一定，必定/may

8、和might表推測不能用在疑問句中否定的情態(tài)動詞的用法:cant 不能; 不可能may not 可能不mustnt 不準, 禁止 shouldnt 不應(yīng)該 ( = ought not to )neednt 沒必要 ( = dont have to )darent 不敢1. Can I go now? Yes, you can. No, you cant.2.May I smoke in this room? Yes, you can. No, you mustnt.3.Must I wash the dishes at once? Yes, you must. No, you neednt N

9、o, you dont have to.疑問句的回答方式練一練 Might I watch TV after supper? Yes, you _. A. may B. must C. might D. canD 練一練 May I pick a flower in the garden? _. A. No, you neednt B. Not, please. C. No, you mustnt D. No, you wont.C 幾組情態(tài)動詞之間的區(qū)別can / be able tocan 的形式只有can/could兩種。be able to可以用于不同的時態(tài)，還可以用在其他的情態(tài)動詞后

10、面。can 表示一般能力。be able to 表示經(jīng)過努力后而達到的一定境界。 My brother can play table tennis. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but every one was able to get out.Wang Gang might be able to win the chess game.shall / will用在陳述句中，shall表示允諾; will表示決心或決定。Dont worry. You shall have the ticketsfor the games.Liu

11、Mei will go and buy the tickets forthe games.在疑問句中，shall用于第一人稱或第三人稱后，表示提供幫助或給出建議；will用于第二人稱或第三人稱后，表示詢問意愿。1. Shall we go swimming this weekend?2. A group of students are waiting to see you outside. Shall they come in?3. Will you go watch the game with me this afternoon?4. Will he pay for me ?mustnt /

12、 needntmustnt 表示“不準，不許，禁止”，語氣強烈。neednt 表示“不需要，沒必要”，語氣緩和。You mustnt miss this football match. Its very important.You neednt watch the game if you dont want to.Must we clean the classroom? Yes, you must. /No, you neednt.need / dare作為情態(tài)動詞時，沒有人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)的變化，兩個詞常用于疑問句和否定句。否定形式常以neednt和darent的形式出現(xiàn);Need I help

13、you? Yes, please.You neednt telephone him now.How dare you talk to the teacher like that?The girl dare not go out alone at night.用作實義動詞時，可用于各種句式，但多用于肯定句。 need to do dare to do need to be done need doing need / dareWe need to tell him the news.You dont need to tell him the news.Do the flowers need wa

14、tering?I didnt dare to tell you the truth.Would you dare to catch the snake with your hand?The boy dares to do anything he likes.ordinary verbs How dare you say such a thing? How dare you to say such a thing?He darent to speak English before such a crowd, did he?He darent speak English before such a

15、 crowd, dare he?Nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease.Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease.These dishes needed be cleaned carefully.These dishes need to be cleaned carefully.These dishes need cleaning carefully. I wonder how he _ that to the teacher. A. dare to say B. dare saying

16、 C. not dare say D. dared sayD練一練1. 情態(tài)動詞+be doing must be doing 一定正在做某事 may be doing 可能正在做某事The boys may be playing football on the playground.The lights are still on. He must be working in the office now.情態(tài)動詞和其他時態(tài)的連用情態(tài)動詞+ have done must have done 用于肯定句，表示“ 過去一定做了某事”，表示對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作非?？隙ǖ耐茰y。 e.g. Tom ha

17、snt come back yet. He must have missed the bus again. 不存在mustnt have done.2. may/ might have done 用于肯定句，表示“ 可能/也許已經(jīng)做了某事”， 表示對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的推測, 說話人不太肯定。e.g. It is too late. I think he may have gone to bed.may/might not have done過去可能沒有做某事3. should / ought to have done 用于肯定句，表示“ 過去本應(yīng)該做某事，而實際上未做”，含有責備或以遺憾的語

18、氣。e.g. You should have come to the meeting earlier. should not/ought not to have done 用于否定句，表示“過去本不該做的事情反而做了” 4. need have done 表示“過去有必要做某事，但實際沒做” neednt have done 表示“本來沒必要/不需要做某事，但實際上卻做了”e.g. You neednt have taken a taxi here, for it was very near to my home.5. could have done “本來能夠做某事，但實際上沒有做到” 沒有

19、can have done cant/couldnt have done 不可能做了某事e.g. Lily didnt go to the library yesterday because her car broke done.But she could have borrowed mine.e.g. He couldnt have gone to Shanghai. I saw him just now in the library. Sorry, Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep aga

20、in. A. might B. should C. can D. willA練一練I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leaveB練一練My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who _ have taken it? A. should B. must C. could D. wouldC練一練Sincetheroadisw

21、etthismorning,_ lastnight. A.itmustrain B.itmusthaverained C.itmustberained D.itmusthavebeenrained B1. You must have seen the film, havent you?2. You must have seen the film last week, didnt you?3. His parents must have beaten him, havent they?4. His parents must have beaten him yesterday, didnt the

22、y?must have done 的反意疑問句Have a try! （Page 29）You are writing an article for the school magazine about how cities are chosen to host the Olympic Games. Go through the list showing what is important for a candidate city. Then use the information to complete the article.convenient transport: recommended

23、 English-speaking citizens: recommended international airport: necessary Sports stadium: necessary Training grounds: necessary hotels: recommendedWhen choosing a city to host the Olympics, there are certain things we need to consider. First, the city (1) _ (must, should) have an Olympic stadium and

24、also (2) _ (has to, ought to) provide first-class training grounds. The chosen city (3) _ (must, should) also have plenty of good hotels and (4) _ (could, must) have an international airport nearby. musthas toshouldmustPublic transport (5) _ (has to, ought to) be convenient. Finally, we should think

25、 about the people who live in the city. Many of the people (6) _ (should, might) speak at least a little English, which would be very helpful for tourists. ought toshouldZhou Jianping is interested in winter swimming and wants to practise it. He wrote a letter to his friend Li Ming, a winter swimmer

26、, for advice. Help Li Ming complete his reply using modal verbs.(Page 31)Hi Jianping I was glad to receive your letter and am happy to tell what I think about winter swimming.I know that you are a sports fan and like swimming very much. Im pretty sure you (1) _ swim very well. However, winter swimmi

27、ng (2) _ be dangerous. I suggest you join a swimming club and learn from a coach. Reading a book on winter swimming will also be helpful.Go swimming every day through summer and autumn. When winter comes, swim for just a few minutes at noon every day. cancan/couldDo some exercises as a preparation b

28、efore you swim. Otherwise, you (3) _ hurt yourself. To protect yourself from possible dangerous, you (4) _ (not) drink before swimming. If the water is very cold, you (5) _ (not) swim for too long. When you go winter swimming, find a good place. may/might/couldmustnt/shouldnt/cantmustnt/shouldnt/can

29、tIts important to find a place where you (6) _ get in and out of the water easily.Finally, you (7) _ (not) be too worried. If you join a club and follow your coachs advice, you will be a good winter swimmer very soon!Yours Li MingcanneedntLi Tongtong is a new student. Her classmate Zhao Long offers

30、to help her on her first day at school. Complete the following dialogue using shall or will.Zhao Long: Hi, Tongtong. Is there anything I can do for you?Li Tongtong: Oh, yes. Id like to send a postcard to my grandparents. Wheres the post office?Zhao Long: Im going to the post office after school. (1)

31、 _ I post it for you or (2) _ we go together?Li Tongtong: Lets go together then. Tomorrow is my birthday. (3) _ you come to my birthday party?Shall shallWill Zhao Long: Great! Id love to. I (4) _ bring you a gift.Li Tongtong: Thanks. Oh, by the way, I dont have many friends yet. Would you like to br

32、ing your friends too?Zhao Long: That will be wonderful. I (5) _ ask some friends to join us. You (6) _ have a good time. Li Tongtong: Thank you. will/ shallwill/shallwillPractice:1. _IwaterthetreesonTuesday? No,youneednt.A.CanB.MustC.MayD.Shall 2.He_notpayunlessheispunished topay. A.shall B.willC.ca

33、nD.would 3.I_suchamistakeagain. A.shallnevermakeB.maynevermakeC.canneverdoD.need BA4._Iturnontheradio?Youdbetternot.Itisnoisyenoughinthisroom. A.ShallB.MustC.NeedD.Do5.Sincetheroadiswetthismorning,_lastnight. A.itmustrain B.itmusthaverained C.itmustberained D.itmusthavebeenrained AB6.Everyone_dohisb

34、esttomaketheworldsafeandclean. A.can B.mayC.shouldD.hadto 7.They_thatfar;buttheystoppedtohaveasnackontheway. A.mightbegoneB.neededgo C.couldhavegone D.oughthavegone 8.You_getdownthebusuntilthe bushasstopped. A.cant B.needntC.mustntD.dontCCD高考真題1. What does the sign over there read?“No person _ smoke

35、 or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area.”(四川 2007)A. willB. mayC. shall D. mustC2. Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted. (寧夏 2007)A. willB. would C. shouldD. must3. We hope that as many people as possible _ join us for the pi

36、cnic tomorrow. (2006 全國卷II)A. needB. must C. shouldD. can CD4. Must he come to sign this paper himself?Yes, he _. (廣東 2006)A. need B. must C. may D. will5. John, look at the time. _ you play the piano at such a late hour?(2005 全國卷III)A. MustB. CanC. May D. NeedBA 6. Tom, you _ leave all your clothes

37、 on the floor like this! (2005 全國卷I)A. wouldntB. mustntC. needntD. may not7. If I _ plan to do anything I wanted to, Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. (湖北 2005)A. wouldB. couldC. had toD. ought toBB8. Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary.She _. Ive already b

38、orrowed one. (湖南 2005)A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldntC A left-luggage office is a place where bags _be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. A. should B. can C. must D. willB2. How _ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the art

39、icle? A. can B. must C. need D. mayA3. The room is so dirty. _ we clean it? Of course . A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do B4. My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who _ have taken it? A. should B. must C. could D. wouldC5. I hear youve got a set of valuable Australian coins._ I have a look?

40、Yes, certainly.A. Do B. May C. Shall D. ShouldB6. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leaveB7. Are you coming to Jeffs party? Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. mightD8.

41、 Sorry, Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. should C. can D. willA9. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They _ be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. needB10. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but e

42、veryone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. was able to D. couldC11. When he was there, he _ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work everyday. A. would B. should C. had better D. mightA12. I wonder how he _ that to the teacher. A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared sayD1. You _

43、buy a gift, but you can if you want to. （2010 湖南） A. must B. mustnt C. have to D. dont have to 解析：dont have to 意為“沒有必要”，符合語境，句意為：“你沒有必要買禮物，但如果你想買的話，你也可以買。”D 真題解析2. I have told you the truth. _ I keep repeating it? （2010 江西） A. Must B. Can C. May D. Will 解析： must 必須, 一定 can 可以, 能夠 may 也許 will 意愿, 傾向性

44、動作, 前半句說我告訴你事實了, 這里用的是現(xiàn)在完成時, 表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成了影響, 既然我已經(jīng)說了, 我還必須重復(fù)一遍嗎？A 3. _ I take the book out? Im afraid not. （2010 四川） A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need解析：表請求可用情態(tài)動詞can, may, could, might ,表允許用can, may.句意為：“我可以將這本書帶出去嗎？”“恐怕不行”。故應(yīng)選表情請求的情態(tài)動詞may。正確答案為B。B 4. I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have

45、a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You _ have it by Friday. （2010 江蘇） A. could B. shall C. must D. may 解析：shall在第二人稱中表示允諾，還可以表示強制，命令，威脅，警告。還有在法律條文中的要求或規(guī)定。B 5. May I take this book out of the reading room? No, you _. You read it in here. (2010 陜西). A. mightnt B. wont C. neednt D. mustnt 解析

46、：考查情態(tài)動詞。英語中用could，might表示詢問或征求意見的問句中，肯定性應(yīng)答要用can或may來代替could或might，而may或might征求意見的問句否定應(yīng)答時要用mustnt，故本題選D。D 6. “You _ have a wrong number,” she said. “Theres no one of that name here.” （2010 浙江） A. need B. can C. must D. would 解析：肯定的猜測，用must。C 1. I thought you _like something to read, so I have brought

47、 you some books. A. may B. might C. would D. must B 2. A computer _ think for itself; it must be told what to do. A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might notA Practice3. They will _ run this machine on their own in three months. A. can B. could C. may D. be able to4. That big cinema _ seat 2,000 peop

48、le. A. can B. should C. ought to D. is able to5. Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you _.A. might B. will C. can D. shouldD A C 6. Might I watch TV after supper? Yes, you _. A. may B. must C. might D. can7. You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not8. Johnny, you _ play with the knife. You _ hurt yourself. A. wont; cant B. mustnt; may C. shouldnt; must D. cant; shouldntC B D 9. Will you stay for lunch? Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustnt B. I