八年級(jí)下冊(cè)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解與練習(xí)

1、八年級(jí)下冊(cè)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解與練習(xí)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解與練習(xí)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解與練習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): have/ has +過(guò)去分詞 1) 表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成的動(dòng)作。Now we have planted all the trees. He has just come back.2021/4/1322) 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 但強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的影響。Have you had your supper?I have read the book twice already.在以上兩種用法中常跟already, notyet, never, just, before, ever, r

2、ecently等時(shí)間繼續(xù)下去的狀語(yǔ)。2021/4/1333) 表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始, 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 也許還會(huì)繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常及包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。He has studied English for 6 years. Mary has been busy since she came back from Hangzhou.2021/4/134過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成 1.直接加-ed。如：play-played 2.以字母e結(jié)尾的直接加d 。如：name-named 3.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，變y為i加ed。如：carry-carried 4.重讀閉音節(jié)且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)

3、輔音字母再加-ed。如：stop-stopped2021/4/135現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) Present perfect 句型1.肯定句現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句式是“have（has）過(guò)去分詞”。 注意：該句式中的have或has是助動(dòng)詞，has用于第三人稱單數(shù)，其它人稱一律用have。2.疑問(wèn)句現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句式是把助動(dòng)詞have或has提到主語(yǔ)之前。 （回答用“Yes，have（has）“No，havent（hasnt）” ）3.否定句：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句式是“havent（hasnt）過(guò)去分詞”。 2021/4/136I have eaten my lunch.She has eaten her

4、lunch.He has eaten his lunch.肯定句They have eaten their lunch.2021/4/137I have not (havent) seen the film. She has not (hasnt) seen the film.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定形式：have not (havent) +過(guò)去分詞 has not (hasnt) +過(guò)去分詞 I havent eaten supper. eat-eatenHe hasnt changed his idea. change-changedMy mother hasnt come back home.

5、 come-come否定句2021/4/138Ive already had dinner. I _ _ dinner _.2. He has just finished his homework. He _ _ his homework _.3. Mums cooked the dinner. Mum _ _ the dinner.4. Susans learned English at school. Susan _ _ English at school.haventhadyethasnt finishedyethasnt cookedhasntlearned把下列句子改為否定句2021

6、/4/139Have you eaten your breakfast?現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句形式Have/has 提前+過(guò)去分詞 Have you known Sandy for a long time?Yes, I have/ No, I havent. know-knownHas she eaten anything since 9:00 a.m.Yes, she has/ No, she hasnt. eat-eaten疑問(wèn)句2021/4/1310Ive already had dinner. 2. He has just finished his homework. 3. Mums

7、cooked the dinner.4. Susans learned English at school.Have you already had dinner?Has he just finished his homework?Has mum cooked the dinner? Has Susan learned English at school?把下列句子改為一般疑問(wèn)句2021/4/1311分清及一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的范圍，不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday,last night,three weeks ago,in1990等.而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去

8、的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系。eg- I have seen the film.eg- I saw the film last week.eg- He has lived here since 1993.eg- He lived here in 1993.2021/4/1312Notes:1) have gone to 及have been tohave gone to表示某人已離開(kāi)了原地，去了另外某地，說(shuō)話時(shí)，人已不在原地。后者表示某人曾have been to去過(guò)某地，說(shuō)話時(shí)人已不在某地了。He has been to Xian twice. 他曾經(jīng)去過(guò)西安兩次。（已經(jīng)回來(lái)了）You c

9、ant find him. He has gone to Xian. 你找不到他。他去西安了。（沒(méi)回來(lái)）2021/4/1313動(dòng)詞填空：1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we_(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago.2.- _ he _(see) this film yet ? -Yes. - When _ he _(see) it ? - He _ it last week. 3. -How many times _you_(come) here? -Once.Havecle

10、anedhave donediddodidHasseendidseesawhavecome2021/4/13144. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air.6. So far, many countries _(develop) their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8.- _ you eve

11、r _(ride) a horse?- Never.9.He _( keep) the book since two days ago.have readhas gonedidgowenthave developedgaveHaveriddenhas kept2021/4/1315練習(xí)題:1.Its a long time since we _ (meet) last, isnt it? 2.-I know you _ (choose) a picture book among these. -Yes,Have a look at it, please. 3.So far, spaceship

12、s without people _ (reach) the moon and some other parts of the universe. 4.My father_ home for nearly three weeks.A.has gone away fromB.has leftC.has been away fromD.went away 5.Mr. and Mrs. Green have_in China for a week. A.been B.got C.arrived D.reached methave chosenhave reachedCA2021/4/1316Ive

13、already had dinner. 2. He has just finished his homework. 3. Mums cooked the dinner.4. Susans learned English at school. What have you already done?What has he just done?Who has cooked the dinner?Where has Susan learned English?對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)2021/4/1317（for+表示一段時(shí)間的詞組，since+表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻的詞或詞組）謂語(yǔ)只可用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.eg.- Ive

14、 lived here for 15 years.eg.- Ive lived here since 15 years ago(2003)選用for和since填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the factory _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ sever

15、al years.6. Its five years _ we met last timeforsinceforsinceforsince2021/4/1318當(dāng)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)及表示短時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞則轉(zhuǎn)化為對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 若不是和短時(shí)間連用，則不用轉(zhuǎn)化。英語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)詞有持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間性動(dòng)詞之分，使用中應(yīng)注意兩者的區(qū)別。1. 持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞: 表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作可以持續(xù)一段時(shí)間或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。常見(jiàn)的study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wai

16、t, fly, stay, sit, stand, lie, keep等。2. 瞬間性動(dòng)詞: 表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在一瞬間，非常短暫。亦稱終止性動(dòng)詞。常見(jiàn)的-begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等3. 瞬間性動(dòng)詞在

17、完成時(shí)中如要及表示持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，通常用意思相當(dāng)?shù)某掷m(xù)性動(dòng)詞來(lái)替換He has been in the army/a soldier for three years. （他參軍已有3年了。）不用has joined She has been up for quite some time. （她起床已有好久了。）不用has got up Has your brother been away from home for a long time? （離家已有好久了嗎？）不用has left 2021/4/1319常用瞬間動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞關(guān)系：1.go- be away e-be here

18、e back-be back 4.leave -be away（be not here） 5.buy-have 6.borrow-keep 7.die-be dead 8.begin-be on 9.finish-be over 10.open-be open 11.close-be closed 12.lose-be lost 13.get to know-know 14.turn on-be on 15.get up-be up 16.sit down-sit/be seated 17.join-be in（）或be amember 18.become-be4. 瞬間動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以及表

19、示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用例如：I havent seen you for a long time.（好久沒(méi)見(jiàn)到你了。）2021/4/1320現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)例析一、考查其構(gòu)成“助動(dòng)詞have (has) +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：1. Kates never seen Chinese films，_ ? A.hasnt she B. has she C. isnt she D. is she析：陳述句部分含否定詞never,簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句部分要用肯定式，又因Kates是Kate has的縮寫(xiě)，故選B。2. His uncle has already posted the photos to hi

20、m. (改為否定句)His uncle _ posted the photos to him _. 析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑問(wèn)句中，故填hasnt, yet。3. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So _her parents. A. has B. had C. did D. have析：so+助/系/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞形式應(yīng)及前句結(jié)構(gòu)中動(dòng)詞形式保持一致，又后句的主語(yǔ)為her parents是復(fù)數(shù),故選D析：因我丟了票的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，而且對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了我不能參加音樂(lè)會(huì)的結(jié)果，符合現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的含意，故選C。2021/4/132

21、1二、考查其用法及標(biāo)志詞(一)當(dāng)句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before等時(shí)，常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -_you_ your homework yet? A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished2. -_ you _anywhere before? -Yes, but I cant remember where I_A. Did; surf; surfed B. Have; surf

22、ed; surfed C. Did; surf; have surfed D. Have; surfed; have surfed析：據(jù)yet和before可知,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故1題選D，2題選D。(二)當(dāng)句中有for +段時(shí)間或since +點(diǎn)時(shí)間等時(shí)，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，若是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞要改為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表狀態(tài)的詞(短語(yǔ))1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice_he came to Yunnan. A. after B. before C. since D. for析：主句用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而從句用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)

23、，故選C。2. Tom_the CD player for two weeks.A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had析：ABC均為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，在肯定句中不及表段時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)連用，故選D。3. I_a letter from him since he left. A. didnt receive B. havent got C. didnt have D. havent heard析：據(jù)since可知，應(yīng)排除A、C，hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb.意為收到某人的來(lái)信

24、，故選B。2021/4/1322三、考查have/has been (to, in)/have/has gone (to)的區(qū)別。如：1. -Have you ever_Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors?-Yes, I have. A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to析：據(jù)句中的have，排除A，B項(xiàng)意為去某地了，C項(xiàng)意為一直呆在某地，D項(xiàng)意為去過(guò)某地，符合題意，故選D。2. My parents _ Shangdong for ten years. A. have been in B. have

25、been to C. have gone to D. have been析：本題句中有for+段時(shí)間結(jié)構(gòu)，據(jù)此可排除C，B項(xiàng)意為去過(guò)某地，不合題意，D項(xiàng)缺介詞，故選A。2021/4/1323四、考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)及其他時(shí)態(tài)的聯(lián)系和區(qū)別。如：1. Suns aunt has gone there for ten years.(改成正確的句子)析：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及段時(shí)間連用時(shí)，除了把非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞改成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞外，還可把動(dòng)詞改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)或借助句型Its +段時(shí)間+since+從句進(jìn)行句子轉(zhuǎn)換。故答案為：Suns aunt has been there for ten years. /Suns aunt

26、went there ten years ago. /Its ten years since Suns aunt went there. 2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.(改為同義句)_more than ten years _Susan _to this city. 析：據(jù)上題分析，且since引導(dǎo)的從句要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填I(lǐng)t is, since, came。3. I wont go to the concert because I _my ticket. A. lost B. dont lose C. have

27、 lost D. is coming2021/4/1324Choose the best answer. 1. How long have you _ here?A. come B. got C. arrived D. been 2. My grandpa died _.A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.3. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.A. been B. gone C. went D. never been4.

28、It is ten years _ I last saw her.A. after B. since C. for D. that5.-Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? -I will. I _ her several times.A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meetDCBBB2021/4/13256. -What a nice dress! How long _ you _ it? -Just 2 weeks.A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D.

29、have, had7.-Do you know Lydia very well? -Yes, She and I _ friends since we were very young. A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned8. The Smiths _ in China for 8 years. A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live9. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? - Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park. A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to10. -_ you ever _ to the US? - Yes, twice. A. Have, gone