并列連詞和狀語(yǔ)從句

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)專心-專注-專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)考點(diǎn)一：并列連詞句子的分類句子分：簡(jiǎn)單句，并列句，復(fù)合句。其中簡(jiǎn)單句的結(jié)構(gòu)包括：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)；主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)；主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)；主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)。并列句分為：表遞進(jìn)，表選擇，表轉(zhuǎn)折，表因果，其他復(fù)合句分為：定語(yǔ)從句，名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句），狀語(yǔ)從句。并列句的基本概念：并列句是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上并列二有獨(dú)立的簡(jiǎn)單句構(gòu)成的。在并列句中，這些簡(jiǎn)單句常有并列連詞連在一起。并列連詞所連接的簡(jiǎn)單句稱為分句。

2、常見的并列連詞表示遞進(jìn)或順承關(guān)系：常用的并列連詞有and， not only.but(also)如：Not only did he speak more correctly, but also he spoke more easily.表示選擇關(guān)系：常用的并列連詞有 or, eitheror.等，如：Either you are right, or I am.表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：常用的并列連詞有but ,yet , whereas等。如：Jane said she was ill, yet I saw her in the street just now.表示因果關(guān)系：常用的并列連詞有 so , f

3、or等。The shops were closed ,so I didnt get any milk.When還可用作并列連詞，意為那時(shí)，這時(shí)。相當(dāng)于and at this/ that time。常用于下列句式：sb was doing sth when; sb was about to do /going to do/ on the point of doing sth when; sb had just done sth when.如：We were having a meeting when someone broke in . we were about to set off when

4、 it suddenly began to rain. While 作為并列連詞，意為而， 卻。表示對(duì)比。如：He likes pop music ,while I am fond of folk music.考點(diǎn)二，狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when，while，as 1，從屬連詞when既可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，也可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作；可用于主句動(dòng)作和從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可用于從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生，如：When the film ended, the people went back. 當(dāng)when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句為系表結(jié)構(gòu)，而且其主語(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)一致，其表語(yǔ)又是一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，就可以用有as引

5、導(dǎo)的省略句來代替when引導(dǎo)的從句。如：As a young man (=When he was a young man) ,he was fond of hunting. 2，從屬連詞while引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作必須是持續(xù)性的，側(cè)重主句動(dòng)作和從句動(dòng)作相對(duì)比。如：Please dont talk so loud while others are working. 3，從屬連詞as可表示從句和主句的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作交替進(jìn)行或同時(shí)完成，可譯為一邊，一邊.，或“隨著.” 如：As time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer. 4，如果主句表示的是短暫性動(dòng)作，而從句用延續(xù)性

6、動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，此時(shí)，when，while與as可互換使用。如：When/ While/ As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.（二），as soon as ,immediately, directly ,instantly ,the moment, the minute, the instant 和once（一就）。這些從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的從句都表示從句的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句的動(dòng)作隨即發(fā)生，常譯為：一就.。 如：The boy burst into tears immedi

7、ately he saw his mother. 注意：no sooner .than; hardly/ scarcelywhen也可以表示“一.就”，這一結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)態(tài)搭配為：no sooner與hardly/ scarcely所在的主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)，而than或when引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。此外，當(dāng)把no sooner和hardly/ scarcely 提到句首時(shí)，其所在的主句應(yīng)用倒裝語(yǔ)序。如： I had hardly got home when it began to rain Hardly had I got home when it began to rain

8、. We had no sooner arrived at the station than the train left. No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.（三）till, until 和notuntil 1，肯定句：主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須時(shí)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，主句，從句都為肯定式，意為：某動(dòng)作一致持續(xù)到某時(shí)間點(diǎn)才停止。如：He remained there until/ till she arrived. You may stay here until/ till the rain stops. 2，否定句：主句的

9、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，從句為肯定式，意為：某動(dòng)作直到從句所述的時(shí)間點(diǎn)才開始，此前一直未開始。如：He wont go to bed until/ till she returns. 3，till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：Until you told me I had no idea of it. 4，not until.句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)和倒裝用法。如：直到你告訴我，我才知道這件事。It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.強(qiáng)調(diào)句 Not until you told me did I have any idea o

10、f it.(not until置于句首，主句部分要倒裝)（四），before和since 1，若表達(dá)“還未就;不到就.; .才; 還沒來得及.就.”時(shí)，需用連詞before。如：We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. 2，before從句中謂語(yǔ)不用夠定時(shí)。如：Before they reached the station ,the had gone. 3，It will be /was +一段時(shí)間+before 常翻譯為：才, .就。如： It was half a year before I came back

11、.半年后我才能回來 It wont be long before we meet again. 過不了多久我們就有能見面了。 4，since從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性的或者是反復(fù)發(fā)生過的動(dòng)作。Since從句的時(shí)態(tài)若是一般過去時(shí)，主句的時(shí)態(tài)常是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：I have written home four times since I came here. She has been working in this factory since she left school. 5，在It is +一段時(shí)間+since 從句，這個(gè)句型中，since引導(dǎo)的

12、從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，常理解為某一狀態(tài)的終止，翻譯時(shí)注意否定。若是終止性動(dòng)詞，則理解為某一動(dòng)作的開始，翻譯時(shí)正常譯即可。如：It is three years since the war broke out.(終止性動(dòng)詞)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)已經(jīng)三年了。 It is three years since I smoked a cigar(= since I stopped smoking a cigar)(延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞) 我不吸煙已經(jīng)三年了。 如果譯成：我吸煙已有三年了，應(yīng)為：It is three years since I began to smoke.（began為終止性動(dòng)詞）（五）every

13、time, each time ,next time, the last time, any time等名詞短語(yǔ)用來引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“每當(dāng).；每次.；下次.”如：Every /Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.二，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞where，wherever指具體地點(diǎn)時(shí)，從句可用于主句之前或之后，表示抽象條件的含義時(shí)，從句需放在主句之前。如：We should go where the Party needs us most. 抽象概念：Where there is a will, th

14、ere is a way.注意區(qū)分where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句與狀語(yǔ)從句，如：你最好在有問題的地方做一下標(biāo)記：Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。 Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions. 定語(yǔ)從句。 三，原因狀語(yǔ)從句 1，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞主要有：because, as ,since, now ,that每個(gè)連詞的含義不盡相同。連詞/區(qū)別位置內(nèi)涵語(yǔ)氣能否回答why能否被強(qiáng)調(diào)Because因?yàn)橹骶淝盎蚝笾苯右蚬P(guān)系強(qiáng)

15、能能As由于主句前或后雙方都知道的原因弱不能不能Since/now that 既然主句前 如：Now that/ Since everybody is here, lets begin our meeting.2，此外，when，seeing that， considering that也可以表示原因，意為：既然，考慮到。如：It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could walk there in five minutes.目的狀語(yǔ)從句 引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有：so that, in order that ,for fear th

16、at, in case等。in order that， so that。 這兩個(gè)連詞都意為：以便，為了。它們引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。In order that比so that正式，引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句只能位于主句之后。I will speak slowly so that you can understand mefor fear that, in case 引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，for fear that表示：害怕，擔(dān)心某事會(huì)發(fā)生； in case表示：以防出現(xiàn)某種情況。如：Mary didnt want to get out of bed,

17、 for fear that she might wake he baby (up). Take your raincoat ,in case it rains.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有：so that , sothat.，suchthat.。在非正式語(yǔ)體中，有sothat ., suchthat引導(dǎo)的句子中的that可以省略，注意其結(jié)構(gòu)： so+形容詞/副詞+that從句；so+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式+that從句so+many/much/few/little+名詞+that從句such+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式+that從句such+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)

18、數(shù)形式/不可數(shù)名詞+that從句such+a lot of / lots of +名詞+that從句.如：Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe in him.= Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe in him. It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park. He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.注意：(1)，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)形

19、容詞和副詞，當(dāng)so或such置于句首時(shí)，主句要用那個(gè)倒裝語(yǔ)序，如：So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult questions. （2），當(dāng)so或such所在的主句主語(yǔ)與結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，還可簡(jiǎn)化為：so/ such as to.如：He was so clever a boy that he was able to work out all the difficult questions.化簡(jiǎn)為：He was so clever a boy as to work out all

20、 the difficult questions. 2，除結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句外，tooto.,enough to.等不定式結(jié)構(gòu)同樣可以表示結(jié)果。如：He didnt get up early enough to catch the bus.= He got up too late to catch the bus.條件狀語(yǔ)從句 引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有：if ,unless, so/as long as , in case(如果), on condition that(條件是), suppose/ supposing(that )(假設(shè))，providing/ provided that(如果)

21、等，如：As long as you dont lose heart, you will succeed. Suppose/Supposing （that）they refuse us ,who else can we turn to for help?方式狀語(yǔ)從句 引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有：as, as if , as though等。方式狀語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引導(dǎo)的從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，但如果從句中所陳述的情況很可能實(shí)現(xiàn)，也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣。如：Do as you are told to, or you will be fired. The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.（虛擬語(yǔ)氣） I feel as if I have a fever.(陳述語(yǔ)氣)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 1，although/ though, even though/if, 引導(dǎo)的