小學(xué)英語語法歸納

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)專心-專注-專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)小學(xué)英語語法歸納一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3以“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾，變y為i,再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v,再加-es，如：

2、knife-knives Leafleaves5不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, child-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù)I _him _this _her _watch _child _photo _diary _day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_ sheep _box_ straw

3、berry _peach_ sandwich _dish_bus_man_ woman_ 二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本用法介紹【No. 1】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如：I get up at six every day.我天天六點(diǎn)起床。3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成1. be動(dòng)詞：主語be(am,is,are)其它。如：I am a boy.我是一個(gè)男孩。2.行為動(dòng)詞：主語行為動(dòng)詞(其它)。如：We stud

4、y English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she,it)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。【No. 2】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化1. be動(dòng)詞的變化。否定句：主語be not其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑問句：Be主語其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.非凡疑問句：疑問詞一般疑問句。如：Where is my bike?2.行為動(dòng)詞的變化。否定句：主語dont( doesnt )動(dòng)詞原形(其它)。如：I dont like bre

5、ad.當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用doesnt構(gòu)成否定句。如：He doesnt often play.一般疑問句：Do( Does )主語動(dòng)詞原形其它。如：- Do you often play football?- Yes, I do. / No, I dont.當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問句。如：- Does she go to work by bike?- Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.動(dòng)詞s的變化規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks2以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：gu

6、ess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3以“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾，變y為i,再加-es，如：study-studies一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法專練:一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_ carry _come_ watch_ plant_ fly _study_ brush_ do_ teach_wash_二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Cla

7、ss One.3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ they _(like) the World Cup?6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays?7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day?8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening.10. There

8、_(be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike _(like) cooking.12. They _(have) the same hobby.13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully.14. You always _(do) your homework well.15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed.16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday.17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE.18. The child of

9、ten _(watch) TV in the evening.19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term.20.What day _(be) it today?Its Saturday三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be動(dòng)詞ing.3現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be后加not。4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的非凡疑問的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問詞不達(dá)意be主語動(dòng)詞ing?但疑問詞當(dāng)主語時(shí)其結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問詞不達(dá)意be動(dòng)詞

10、ing?動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting3假如末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)：一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：play_ run_ swim _make_go_ like_ write_ _ski_ read_ have_ sing _ dance_put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _ get_stop_ sit

11、 _ begin_ shop_二、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the clas

12、sroom .8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music.9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .四、將來時(shí)理論及練習(xí)一、概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或預(yù)備做某事。句中一般有以下時(shí)間狀語：tomorrow, next day(week,month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。二、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be going to do；will d

13、o. 三、否定句：在be動(dòng)詞（am, is, are）l后加not或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will后加not成wont。例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon.Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、同義句：be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 練習(xí)：填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.I _ ha

14、ve a picnic with my friends.2.我們將要學(xué)習(xí)英語We _ _ _ learn English.We _ learn English.五、一般過去時(shí)1一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。一般過去時(shí)也表示過去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。2Be動(dòng)詞在一般過去時(shí)中的變化：am和is在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。（was not=wasnt）are在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。（were not=werent）3句中沒有be動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)的句子否定句：didnt動(dòng)詞原形，如：Jim didnt go home yesterday動(dòng)詞過去式變化規(guī)

15、則：1一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed，如：work_-worked , cook-cooked2結(jié)尾是e加d，如：live_lived 3末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4以“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i，再加-ed，如：study-studied5不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式：am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing

16、-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, swim-swam, sit-sat過去時(shí)練習(xí)寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過去式isam_ plant_ are _drink_ play_ go_ make _does_ dance_ worry_ ask _taste_ eat_ put _kick_ pass_ do _Be動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)練習(xí)（1）Name _ No. _ Date _一、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I _ at school just now.2. He _ at the camp l

17、ast week.3. We _ students two years ago.4. They _ on the farm a moment ago.5. Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year.6. There _ an apple on the plate yesterday.7. There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.8. The mobile phone _ on the sofa yesterday evening.一、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I _ an English teacher now

18、.2. She _ happy yesterday.3. They _ glad to see each other last month.行為動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)練習(xí)（2）Name _ No. _ Date _一、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go)4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festiva

19、l?5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _.8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly.六、人稱代詞和物主代詞主格 賓格 形容詞性 名詞性I me my mineyou you you ryourshe

20、him his hisshe her her hersIt it its itswe us our oursthey them their theirs習(xí)題一.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( I )2. The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she ) 3. Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I )4. _ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those s

21、tamps are _. ( he )二、用am, is, are填空1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. 2. The girl_ Jacks sister. 3. The dog _ tall and fat. 4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher. 5. _ your brother in the classroom? 6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home. 7. How _ your father? 8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 9.

22、Whose dress _ this? 10. Whose socks _ they?具體用法1.Hello的用法：Hello的意思為“您好”，一般可作為熟人，親朋好友之間的打招呼用語,語氣比較隨便，例如：Hello,Li Hua!你好，李華。Hello,Tom!你好，湯姆！Hello也可以用以引起某人注意，常用在打電話時(shí)或者在路上碰見熟人時(shí),相當(dāng)于中文中的“喂”，有時(shí)也可用Hi來代替hello，但前者顯得更隨便。2.Whats your name?的用法：當(dāng)兩人初次見面互相詢問姓名時(shí)，可用Whats your name?來提問，回答時(shí)，可用My name is.來回答,接著反問對(duì)方時(shí)，可用A

23、nd whats your name?來提問。例如：Hi!Whats your name? Hi!My name is Lucy.And whats your name? My name is Wang Ying. 你好，你叫什么名字？你好，我叫露西。你叫什么名字？我叫王英。句中的Whats是What is的縮寫形式。3.Good morning,class (teacher).的用法: Good morning,class.同學(xué)們好。Good morning，teacher.老師好。這是上午上課時(shí)，老師和全班同學(xué)互相問候時(shí)用語。Good morning是上午問候時(shí)的用語，多用于熟人，朋友或家

24、人之間，是比較正式的問候用語。句中問候語放在前面，稱呼語則要放在后面，并用逗號(hào)隔開。例如：Good morning.Mr.White.懷特先生，你好。4.英語字母：英語中有26個(gè)字母，每一字母有大寫形式和小寫形式兩種。大小寫形式如下：A a B b C c D d E e F f G g H h I I J j K k L l M m N n O o P p Q q R r S s T t U u V v W w X x Y y Z z 1.Are you？的用法。這是一疑問句型，意思是“你是嗎？”用來詢問姓名，職業(yè)，身份等，例如：Are you a worker?你是一名工人嗎？Are yo

25、u a student?你是學(xué)生嗎？回答時(shí)用Yes,I am.（是的，我是。）或者No,Im not.（不，我不是）來回答，注意Yes和No后面都有逗號(hào)，不能省略。2.Nice to meet you.的用法：這是兩位初次見面相識(shí)后的用語，意思是“見到你很高興。”見面相識(shí)可由自我介紹，第三者介紹或者詢問相識(shí)。例如：Hello!Im Xiao Hua. Hello!Im Xiao Li. Nice to meet you,Xiao Li. Nice to meet you,too,Xiao Hua. 你好，我是小華你好，我是小李。小李，見到你我很高興。小華，見到你我也很高興。3.Where is

26、?的用法：這一句型表示“某物或某人在什么地方”。它同中文的句型結(jié)構(gòu)不一樣，where在前，而某物或某人在后，例如：Where is my book? 我的書在哪兒？Its there. 在這兒。Where is Tom? Tom在哪兒？He is here. 他在這兒。句中的where is可以縮寫成“wheres”。4.am,is和are的用法：這三個(gè)詞都是“是”的含義，但用法比中文中的“是”要復(fù)雜，英語中的am,is和are都是be的變化形式，根據(jù)不同的主語選用不同的動(dòng)詞，主語I用am,表示復(fù)數(shù)的主語和單數(shù)“you”則要用are,其它則用is。I am a teacher.我是教師。You

27、 are a worker.你是一個(gè)工人。You are students.你們是學(xué)生。She is Miss Gao.她是高小姐。This book is mine.這本書是我的?！九c熟人打招呼】：英美人一天中見面都要打招呼，根據(jù)一天中不同的時(shí)間選用不同的說法，早上和上午時(shí)說Good morning，下午時(shí)說，Good afternoon，晚上見面時(shí)則要說Good evening。對(duì)方也用相同的問候語來回答。例如：Good morning,Mr.Green. Good morning,Miss Li. 【Sorry的用法】：Sorry表示“對(duì)不起”或“抱歉”，用于對(duì)自己的過錯(cuò)，失誤，不能做某

28、事或者不能提供對(duì)方的請(qǐng)求時(shí)常用sorry或者Im sorry來表示。例如：Can you spell your name?你能拼一下你的名字嗎？Im sorry.I cant.對(duì)不起，我不能。Whats the time,please?請(qǐng)問幾點(diǎn)鐘了？Sorry,I dont know.對(duì)不起，我不知道。【Excuse me的用法】：這是用于向某人詢問一件事或提出請(qǐng)求而打擾某人時(shí)的用語。意思是“對(duì)不起”，“請(qǐng)問”。例如：Excuse me!Where is my bag?對(duì)不起，我的包在哪兒呢？Excuse me!Are you Teacher Wang?對(duì)不起，請(qǐng)問你是王老師嗎？【W(wǎng)hats的用法】：這個(gè)句型用于詢問某人叫什么或者某個(gè)東西是什么，例如：Whats this?Its a book. 這是什么？這是一本書。Whats your name?你叫什么名字？My name is Lucy.我叫Lucy. 英語語法