一些中藥的英語翻譯(1)(1)課件

1、Chinese Medical HerbsThe origin of the Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Development of the Science of TCMDating back to the ancient China, our ancestor wrote the “Fifty-two disease party(五十二病方）”, which records more than 300 prescriptions and 200 kinds of drugs. Besides, in the book “Rites of Zho

2、u(周禮）”,there are some contents about “the five flavors , the five cereals (rice ,two kinds of millet, wheat and beans.)”Collect and process of TCM（中藥的采制）Processing（炮制）preparation （制劑）The Performance of the TCM(中藥的性能）It can also called drug properties(藥性）, and it mainly conclude “four natures of drug

3、s（四氣）”，“the five flavors(五味）”，“channel tropism trupizm （歸經）”，“ascending and descending, floating and sinking （升降浮沉）”，“toxicity（毒性）”，and etc.Four Natures of Drugs（四氣） It refers to the four properties of drugs, that is, cold, hot ,warm and cool. It reflects the bodys effect of inclination(作用傾向）of the

4、ups and downs of Yin and Yang （陰陽盛衰）and the Semi-interior phase change(寒熱變化）after the drugs acting on the body. The Five Flavors（五味）It contains five basic herbal medicines in a prescription（藥味）pungent，sweet, sour, bitter, and salty .It can divided into two partsYin : pungent， sweetYang： sour, bitter

5、, and salty The efficacities（功效） of five flavors Pungent：functions of volatilization（發(fā)散），promoting the circulation of Qi（行氣），invigorating the circulation of blood（活血），and etc. Its always used to treat Exterior Syndrome(表證），such as herba ephedra（麻黃）.Sweet: functions of tonifying（補益），harmonizing the m

6、iddle warmer（和中），regulating herbal property （調和藥性）and alleviating pain(緩急止痛）.The Philosophic Foundation ofTCM- wu xing theoryMetal One of the five phases with which the season autumnthe color whitethe taste acridity-pungentand the lung and large intestine in the body are associated.Wood One of the f

7、ive phases with which the season spring the color blue or greenthe taste sourness and the liver and gallbladder in the body are associatedWater (1) One of the five phaseswith which the season winterthe color blackthe taste saltinessand the kidney and bladder in the body are associated; (2)Pathologic

8、 aspect of body fluidEarth One of the five phaseswith which the season of late summer the color yellowthe taste sweetnessand the spleen and stomach in the body are associated.Channel Tropism trupizm (歸經)It refers to the drugs selective function to some part of the body. That is to say ,one kind of d

9、rug has a main or special treating function for the pathological changes（病變）of some organs and meridians （臟腑器官).Toxicity（毒性）It has two meaning in history. : the bias ( 偏性）that the drug has when used in treating diseases.:the adverse effect（不良影響）and the damage that the drug do to the body.The applica

10、tion of TCMCompatibility of medicines(配伍）：means that making use of two or more than two kinds of drugs selectively according to different needs and different features of the patients condition. It can be concluded by seven aspects, which called the “seven emotions” of the drugs.The Compatibility of

11、Herbs( seven emotions)Single application （單行）Synergism （相須）Mutual assistance（相使）Mutual inhibition（相畏）Mutual detoxification（相殺）Mutual antagonism（相惡）Incompatibility（相反）Contraindication in Using Herbs(用藥禁忌） Incompatibility ： - eighteen incompatible medicaments（十八反） -nineteen counteraction（十九畏）Contraind

12、ication during pregnancy（妊娠用藥禁忌）Dietary Taboos during taking the medicine （服藥時的飲食禁忌）:Dosage and usage The usage: - Decoction（煎煮方法） Be decocted first（先煎） Put the medicine next （后下） Drug wrapped during decocted（包煎） Wind-cold-dispersing medicineExample Ginger（生姜）Drug Properties:Pungent, warm.In the liv

13、er, stomach, spleen.Efficacy：warming middle energizer arrest vomiting(溫中止嘔）， Exterior-releasing ,and dissipating cold (解表散寒）Application:） vomiting due to coldness in stomach （胃寒嘔吐）cold cough（風寒咳嗽）common cold due to wind-cold（風寒感冒） 草類及葉類中藥 葉類指干，枯，嫩葉，如苦竹葉和側柏葉；單復葉如番瀉葉，都統(tǒng)稱Folium。Heat-clearing medicinal

14、material（清熱藥）Definition ：a category of medicine that have the effect of clearing up internal heat in cases of externally contracted febrile diseases or fever due to yin deficiency. Heat-clearing and fire-clearing drug（清熱瀉火）Heat-clearing and damp-drying drug （清熱燥濕）Clearing away heat and toxic materia

15、l（清熱解毒）Removing pathogenic heat from blood drug（清熱涼血）中草藥（Chinese herbal medicines)中藥的譯名國際上是根據動植物學名中屬名或種名加上其根，莖，花，實，葉，皮及全草等藥用部分共同組成的。根類中藥板藍根 Radix黃連 Rhizoma連翹 Forsythia甘草 Licorice莖類中藥竹茹 Caulis桑寄生 Cacumen通草 Medulla皮類中藥桔梗 Dry orange peel阿膠（驢皮）Corium丹皮Cortex radicis陳皮 Pericarpium花類中藥紅花 Flos夏枯草 Spica金銀花

16、Gemma果實及種子類中藥櫻桃核 Nux柿蒂Calyx肉豆蔻 Semen中醫(yī)藥藥劑的英語譯名1.藥劑專用詞（Medicine terms) 浸膏 extractum 氣霧劑 aerosolum 膠囊劑 capsulae 水劑 solution茶，酒（drinks, tonic)長壽長樂補酒 Happy Longevity Tonic 龜壽酒 Tortoise Longevity Tonic 藥酒 medicated wine 人參茶 Renshen Drink (花旗參茶 Ginseng root tea) 蟻寶茶 Ant Essence Drink 涼茶 herbal tea素，精（extr

17、acts) 烏雞精 Black-Bone Chicken Tonic 蜂王精 Roy extracts 蜂王漿 Spirits of honey沖劑，湯，水，液或露(syrup) 板蘭根沖劑 Banlangen Drink 藿香正氣水 Herbal Agastachis Syrup洗劑，搽劑（Lotion) 膏藥 Plaster 防曬油 Sunlotion中藥音譯 逍遙散 Xiaoyao Powder 二陳湯 Erchen Decoction中藥音譯混譯 貴州神奇 Guizhou Wonder Drugs 中國藥膳 Chinese herbal cuisine直譯 玉瓶散 Jade Scree

18、n Powders 小青龍散 Small Blue Dragon Powder中藥其他譯法 1.以所含主要藥加上功能來命名丹參注射液 Intejectio Salviae Miltiorrhizae2.以研制者姓名加上主要藥的藥名或功能來命名陰虛丸 Pills for yin Asthenia3.以藥物產地來命名 天臺烏藥散 Powder of Tiantai Linderae4.以方劑主治病癥來命名清風散 Powder for Dispersing Wind-Evil5.以方劑的形狀，顏色來命名紫雪丹 Purple-snow Pellet 6.中藥醫(yī)療器械減肥腰帶 diet medicinal belt7.以所含