中考英語復習定語從句關系代詞、關系副詞講解

1、定語從句一、語法框架10+9+810種詞性 冠 名 樹 動 形 代 副 連 介 嘆9種詞性 主 謂 賓 定 狀 補 表 雙賓 同位語8種句型 5種簡單句 主 謂 賓 主 謂 雙賓 主 謂 賓 賓補 主 謂 主 系 表 3種高級復合句 定語從句 狀語從句 名詞性從句定語從句1、定義：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟它所修飾的先行詞之后。The man who is shaking hands with my father is a professor.該句中who is shaking hands with my father是定語從句先行詞是the man Who是引導定語

2、從句的關系詞，代替先行詞the man，在定語從句中做主語。先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。關系詞：引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞，關系詞在定語從句中指代先行詞。關系代詞：在從句中充當主干成分，從句不是完整的句子。指代人-who whose whom that指代物-which that whose關系副詞：在從句中不充當主干成分，從句是完整的句子。指代其他-修飾時間 when 修飾地點 where 修飾原因 why關系代詞引導的定語從句（1）關系代詞的基本用法who指人，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時可省略。 One who has nothing to fear dares to tel

3、l the truth. Anyone who laughs last laughs best. The girl who I appreciate is called Mary.whom指人，在定語從句中做賓語，?？墒÷?。 The professor whom you are waiting for has come. The girl whom the teacher often praises is our monitor. Which指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時可省略。 The shopwhichsells all kinds of sports shoes has clo

4、sed down.The book which he wrote in 1935 still sells well. That指人時，相當于who或whom；指物時，相當于which。在定語從句中做主語或賓 語，做賓語時?？墒÷?。 Is she the girl that sells newspapers? They planted some trees that didnt need much water. The gift that she treasured most is so distinctive.Whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語。 I live next door

5、 to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. You are the only one whose advice he might listen to . I will talk to the students whose homework hasnt been done.關系代詞人物 充當?shù)某煞諸hat主、賓Which主、賓who主、賓whom賓whose定（2）Whose指代物時，可由n+of which做同義替換The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

6、-The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?-Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?（3）介詞+關系代詞 引導的定語從句介詞關系代詞引導的定語從句, 關鍵是判斷介詞的選擇.方法一:根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞習慣搭配方法二:根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞與介詞的習慣搭配關系代詞在定語從句中賓語時，從句有時由“介詞+關系代詞”引出。此時關系代詞只能用which 或 whom; 不

7、可用that 或who 代替The school _he once studied in is very famous.The school_he once studied is very famous.There was nobody _ she could turn to in the dark.There was nobody _ she could turn in the dark.只能用that引導的定語從句 代詞順序問題最多先行詞是everything、anything、nothing等不定代詞，或當現(xiàn)行詞有every、any、some、no、little、few、much、all

8、等不定代詞或the very、the only、the last修飾時 Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossible for him in the world. All that can be done has been done. This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時 The first place that they visited was the Big Ben.

9、主句出現(xiàn)了who which 等疑問詞時 Who is the man that is standing by the gate? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?現(xiàn)行詞是最高級或被最高級修飾時 This is the best film that I have ever seen.先行詞又有人又有物時 They talked about the persons and things that they remembered. Look at the man and his donkey that are walking along the str

10、eet.只用which的情況: 逗號后面 Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the office.The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake, which made us awake all night.He burst into my room without knocking at the door, which made me very angry.介詞后面 The day on which he was born was Aug 20 ,1952. 關

11、系副詞引導的定語從句關系副詞的基本用法when指時間，在定語從句中做時間狀語。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?Where指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語。 This is the place where Lu Xun was born.This is the place where he works.Why指原因，在定語從句中原因狀語，固定搭配the reason why。 T

12、his is the reason why he is late today. Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 當先行詞是物時，既可以用關系副詞引導定語從句，也可以用that或which引導定語從句，關鍵要看關系詞在從句中作何種成分。若關系詞在定語從句中充當狀語，用關系副詞引導；若關系詞在從句中充當主語或賓語，則用that或which引導。Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?Do you remember the d

13、ays that/which we spent together on the farm?關系副詞引導的定語從句經(jīng)?？梢杂?介詞+which 引導的定語從句來替換。Great changes has taken place in the city where they live.-Great changes has taken place in the city in which they live.I dont know the reason why he refuse the invitation.-I dont know the reason for which he refuse th

14、e invitation.限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句 沒, 為限制性定語從句，對先行詞起限定作用。 有, 為非限制性定語從句，對先行詞沒有限定作用，但起解釋說明的作用。Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college. Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college. 關系代詞在限制性定語從句中做賓語可省略，在非限制性定語從句中做賓語時不可省略。 The book (that /which) I

15、bought yesterday is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix. The book ,which I bought yesterday, is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix.特殊情況：time做先行詞It is the second time _ the president _ the country.There was a time _ there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets.time做先行詞常見句型It is the first ti

16、me that.從句用現(xiàn)在完成時 這是第一次. It was the first time that.從句用過去完成時There was a time when . 曾有段時間.The way 做先行詞I dont like the way_ he talked to you. In which/that/省略 （關系副詞）Please do the experiment in the way_ I have told you. Which/that/省略The way做先行詞，關系詞在定語從句中做狀語時，關系詞：In which/that/省略The way做先行詞，關系詞在定語從句中做主語

17、或賓語時，關系詞：Which/that/省略The reason 做先行詞The reason_he didnt attend the meeting was that he was ill. Why/for whichI dont believe the reason_he gave me. Which/that/不填Have you asked the reason_may explain his success. Which/thatWhere除了指代具體地點，還能指代地模糊空間概念Can you think of some cases_students obviously know t

18、he problem but cant work them out.I have reached a point_ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.It is a job_ you can do something serious but interesting.If a shop has chairs_women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.This is the point _I disagree.This is the point _I disagree with.非限定性定語從句中as和which的用法As is known to all, he is the best student.Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to ones health.Smoking is harmful to ones health, as we all know.Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the of