動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語答題概略講義-高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)

1、動(dòng)詞描述關(guān)鍵的事件和動(dòng)作，是敘事表意的核心，在單句及語篇理解中都起著無可替代的作用，因而分析一個(gè)句子時(shí)應(yīng)首先明確其中的動(dòng)詞（謂語動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞）。在高考命題中，動(dòng)詞的各種形式一貫都是考查的重點(diǎn)，主要涉及動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)、虛擬語氣和非謂語動(dòng)詞等。下面是動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語在高考命題中的主要考點(diǎn)?！究祭?】One morning in 2009， Larry was 41 along I65 north . Larry pulled over， set the brake and 47 the fire extinguisher （滅火器）. Two good bursts

2、from the extinguisher and the fire were put out.The man who had his bright lights on 48 and told Larry he had 49 an emergency call. 51 the vehicle， they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. she thought the car was going to 54 .Once fire and emergency people arrived， Larry and

3、 the other man 56 and let them go to work.41. A. walking B. touringC. traveling D. rushing47. A. got hold of B. preparedC. took charge of D. controlled48. A. came down B. came throughC. came in D. came over49. A. returned B. receivedC. made D. confirmed51. A. Starting B. Parking C. Passing D. Approa

4、ching54. A. explode B. slip away C. fall apart D. crash56. A. stepped forward B. backed off C. moved on D. set out解析：41. C。開篇交代故事發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)。Larry正駕車沿著I65號(hào)公路往北行駛，故用travel。47. A。當(dāng)Larry注意到路邊被毀的車下面竄出火苗時(shí)，靠邊停車，拉好手剎，拿出滅火器，開始滅火。get hold of意為“找到（所需東西），拿著，握著”，與語境相吻合。prepare意為“準(zhǔn)備”，與Larry停車、拉手剎的動(dòng)作銜接不上，take charge

5、 of“負(fù)責(zé)，掌管”，control“控制”均與語境不符。48. D。49. C。這時(shí)候?qū)④嚵林鬅舻娜诉^來（come over）告訴Larry他已經(jīng)打過急救電話。come down“下降，降低”，come through“（重病后）康復(fù)”，come in“進(jìn)來，參與，參加討論”?！按螂娫挕笔莔ake a call。51. D。根據(jù)“They 50 （then） heard a womans voice coming from the wrecked vehicle”，聽到女子的聲音，于是他們靠近（approach）那輛車，看見一個(gè)女子正試圖從破碎的車窗爬出來。54. A。那個(gè)女子“以為車要爆

6、炸（explode）”。slip away“悄然離開”；fall apart“破碎，崩潰”；crash“撞車，墜毀”均不符合題意。56. B。當(dāng)消防人員和急救人員趕到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)時(shí)，Larry和另外那個(gè)人便往后退（back off），讓他們?nèi)ナ┚?。step forward“向前邁一步”；move on“繼續(xù)前進(jìn)”；set out“出發(fā)”均不符合題意?！究祭?】完形填空Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device （裝置） on your desk. And theyve never actual

7、ly 41 you. Everything they know about you 42 through this device， sometimes from hundreds of miles away . But her cold voice really 48 me. I sometimes wished to 49 another agent.One morning， I had to 50 an immediate flight home for a family emergency . The woman sitting at the desk， 52 my madness， s

8、ympathetically jumped up.41. A. accepted B. noticedC. heard D. met42. A. came B. moved C. ran D. developed48. A. annoyed B. interestedC. discouraged D. confused49. A. promote B. train C. find D. know50. A. arrange B. postponeC. confirm D. book52. A. expecting B. seeingC. testing D. avoiding解析：41. D。

9、根據(jù)“Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device（裝置） on your desk.”及“Rani， my faceless agent whom Id never met .”可知，作者是說“他們事實(shí)上從未見過你”，故選D。42. A。該句承接上文，意為“他們所了解的你的一切都是通過這個(gè)小小裝置（電話）才有的”。此處come意為“發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)”，故選A。48. A。49. C。第二段中“我”對(duì)這位旅行代理冷淡的聲音很是不悅，因而有時(shí)希望另找一位代理。50. D?！拔摇币蚣抑屑笔滦枰⒓?/p>

10、預(yù)訂機(jī)票回家。52. B。“我”這一次沒有電話聯(lián)系，而是第一次跑進(jìn)Rani的辦公室去面洽訂票事宜，所以才有Rani看到“我”著急上火的樣子?！究祭?】完形填空That meant 41 Miller King， .That season， I 46 all of Millers records while he 47 the home games from the bench.One afternoon， I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller 50 going over a fence I 53 him move slowly o

11、ver the fence. I was right to have 59 him .41. A. cheering for B. beating outC. relying on D. staying with46. A. held B. brokeC. set D. tried47. A. reported B. judgedC. organized D. watched50. A. stuck B. hurtC. tired D. lost53. A. let B. helpedC. had D. noticed59. A. challenged B. curedC. invited D

12、. admired解析：41. B。 要想成為校足球隊(duì)的明星就意味著要打?。╞eat out）Miller King這位最出色的足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員。cheer for“為喝彩”；rely on“依賴，信賴”；stay with“和待在一起”均不符合題意。46. B。47. D。那個(gè)賽季“我”打破了（break）Miller的所有記錄，而他只能坐在運(yùn)動(dòng)員休息區(qū)看（watch）主場(chǎng)比賽。50. A。Miller失去右臂，因而很難翻過圍欄。此處stuck為動(dòng)詞stick的-ed形式作saw的賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示“我”看見Miller翻越圍欄時(shí)被卡住了。句中“going over a fence .”作狀語。53

13、. B?！拔摇睅椭鶰iller慢慢地翻過了圍欄，故用help。59. D。該句位于結(jié)尾部分，呼應(yīng)前文，表示“我欽佩（admire）Miller是對(duì)的”。二、動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語主要考點(diǎn)1.動(dòng)詞的考點(diǎn)主要涉及連系動(dòng)詞、及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞等基礎(chǔ)語法知識(shí)。首先，應(yīng)從其詞義入手學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞的相關(guān)知識(shí)，將掌握動(dòng)詞的基本詞義作為第一要?jiǎng)?wù)，然而，要在文章中準(zhǔn)確地敲定合適的措辭，最為關(guān)鍵的還是緊密結(jié)合文本語境，切忌斷章取義。在完形填空中，尤其要明確認(rèn)識(shí)作者的措辭都是為中心服務(wù)的，命題者通常依據(jù)這一點(diǎn)設(shè)置干擾項(xiàng)。有時(shí)將某一句話從文中抽取出來極有可能不止一個(gè)選項(xiàng)正確。學(xué)生只有將該空缺置于文章當(dāng)中，充分理解作者的行文邏輯，

14、才能確定唯一答案。單句的考查也是如此。【考例1】 When the time came to make the final decision for a course， I decided to apply for the one that _ my interest. A. limited B. reservedC. reflected D. spoiled解析：C?！皌hat reflected my interest”為定語從句修飾“the one”，意即“反映我的興趣的課程”，根據(jù)文本語境可知選C?！究祭?】He did not _ easily， but was willing to

15、 accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause. A. approach B. wrestleC. compromise D. communicate解析：C。根據(jù)文本語境“他不輕易妥協(xié)，但為了值得付出的事業(yè)他樂于接受任何建設(shè)性的建議”，可知選compromise與accept相對(duì)應(yīng)，連詞but是理解的關(guān)鍵。其次，要理解動(dòng)詞的分類及用法。動(dòng)詞按其句法功能分為主動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞（助動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞中講解）。大多數(shù)的主動(dòng)詞都是“兩棲類”。下面從動(dòng)詞的分類講解相關(guān)的考查重點(diǎn)。理解連系動(dòng)詞。連系動(dòng)詞表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、身份等，有be，loo

16、k，seem，appear，smell，sound，feel，keep，remain等，或主語性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)的變化，有become，get，grow，turn，prove，go等。其中大多數(shù)是“兩棲類”，既可作連系動(dòng)詞也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。These oranges taste nice.Ive got a cold so I cant taste what Im eating.理解及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞。不及物動(dòng)詞后面接介詞或副詞，變成動(dòng)詞短語后則有可能是及物動(dòng)詞。大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞也可作不及物動(dòng)詞。Hes learning how to play the flute.The child is l

17、earning quickly.既可以接單賓語也可以接雙賓語。I need to buy some new clothes.Ends parents bought that new computer for him. They bought him that new computer.既可以接賓語也可以接復(fù)合賓語。I cant find my cell phone.I find it difficult to learn English well.【考例】 My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich .（短文改錯(cuò)）解析：句中dream作及物

18、動(dòng)詞時(shí)只接that從句，不然則是不及物動(dòng)詞，如果接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞-ing形式應(yīng)在其后加上介詞of/about，構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語。2. 動(dòng)詞短語即動(dòng)詞與其他詞類（多為介詞和副詞）搭配所構(gòu)成的固定詞組。在選擇題中考查時(shí)多半出現(xiàn)相同的動(dòng)詞與不同的介詞/副詞搭配，或者相同的介詞/副詞與不同的動(dòng)詞搭配，或動(dòng)詞和后面所接的介詞/副詞無一相同。復(fù)習(xí)過程中應(yīng)特別鞏固記憶高中階段所學(xué)的常用動(dòng)詞短語的含義。動(dòng)詞短語的常見搭配有以下三大類：動(dòng)詞+介詞。如ask for“請(qǐng)求，征求”，look into“調(diào)查”，fall off“掉下來”等。此類動(dòng)詞短語相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，其后需接賓語。相似的結(jié)構(gòu)如“動(dòng)詞（+賓語）+介詞”

19、“動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞（+賓語）”“動(dòng)詞+反身代詞+介詞”也可以歸入此類，如inform sb of sth“告知某人某事”，take care of“照顧”，devote oneself to“專心于，致力于”等。動(dòng)詞+副詞。此類動(dòng)詞短語可以相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，如call up“打電話給某人”，也可以相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞，如come out“出版”。相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，如果賓語是名詞，則賓語的位置可以在動(dòng)詞短語中間，也可以在動(dòng)詞短語之后；但賓語為代詞時(shí)，該代詞只能位于動(dòng)詞短語中間。He called up his travel agent. = He called his travel agent up.

20、He called her up.動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞。此類動(dòng)詞短語相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，其后需接賓語。如put up with“忍受”，look forward to“期盼”，be fed up with“厭倦”，keep/catch up with“跟上，趕上”等。【考例1】 Many businesses started up by college students have _ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation. A. fallen off B. taken offC. turned off D. left off解析

21、：B。根據(jù)“thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation”可知，許多大學(xué)生創(chuàng)辦的企業(yè)已經(jīng)獲得了成功，故用take off?！究祭?】Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she _ her opinion on the subject. A. gave voice to B. Kept an eye onC. turned a deaf ear to D. set foot on解析：A。根據(jù)“silent during the e

22、arly part of the discussion”，以及連接前后分句的連詞but可知，Mary最終說出了自己的觀點(diǎn)，give voice to意為“表達(dá)（想法等）”?！究祭?】Im going to _ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle. A. put B. makeC. take D. give解析：C。本題考查take advantage of“利用”，故本題選C?！究祭?】I hate it when she calls me at work Im always too busy to _ a c

23、onversation with her. A. carry on B. break intoC. turn down D. cut off解析：A?！癱arry on a conversation”相當(dāng)于“have a conversation”，故選carry on“進(jìn)行，繼續(xù)做”。三、提優(yōu)訓(xùn)練（一）選詞填空1. The two things that _ your life are the people you meet and books you read.2. If you are a fruit groweror would like to become one_ advantag

24、e of Apple Day to see whats around.3. Lead poisoning has _ more difficult to deal with.4. If students _ administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern， they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.5. They have a different kind

25、of superpower that all of us _： the power to make a difference in the lives of others.6. The team are working hard to _ the problem so that they can find the best solution.7. Dont worry. Im sure your missing glasses will turn _ sooner or later.8. If steel is heavier than water， why are ships able to

26、_ on the sea？9. Tom had to turn _ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.10. See， your computer has broken down again！ It doesnt _ sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.（二）語法填空Have you ever had trouble 1 （sleep） in a new place？ Lots of people do. Researchers found that one-half of the brain remains 2 （wake） than the ot