Unit2Englishanditshistory閱讀-完整精講版課件

1、Unit 2 LanguageEnglish and its historyReading comprehension1) What is the article about? 2) What are the three kinds of English discussed in the article? 3) In what way is English still changing? English and its history.Old English, Middle English andModern English.English is still changing in many

2、ways, such as in vocabulary and pronunciation.The development of English 日爾曼人入侵后，統(tǒng)治了當(dāng)?shù)氐膭P爾特語民族，本地語言主要于蘇格蘭、威爾士、康瓦耳與愛爾蘭島存活了下來。這些入侵者的語言逐漸形成了“古英語”。 1066年諾曼征服后三百年內(nèi)，英格蘭的國王只講法語。因此一大批法語詞匯進(jìn)入了古英語，古英語本身也失去了大部分曲折變化，形成中古英語。 近代英語在莎士比亞所處的時期開始繁榮，一些學(xué)者將之分為早期近代英語與后期近代英語，分界線為1800年左右。隨著不列顛對全世界大部分地區(qū)的占領(lǐng)和殖民，當(dāng)?shù)卣Z言也很大程度上影響了英語的

3、發(fā)展。Please go through the Reading strategy and tell me how to read a history article.Notice _2. Make_, listing _such as times, places and events, etc. Reading a history articleReading a normal textdifferentthe dates and years a time chartimportant informationPart 1 Old EnglishIf you hear old English

4、today, can you understand it?Time chart10thend of 9ththenbefore 5theventslanguageoccupied by the two Germanic groupsthe Vikings began to move tobecame official languageSpoke CelticOld EnglishTimeEventsBefore the middle of the 5th centuryPeople in Britain all spoke a language called Celtic.At the end

5、 of the 9th centuryThe Vikings began to move to Britain and brought their languages.By the 10th centuryOld English had become the official language of England.CelticLanguages of Angles and Saxons Old EnglishLanguages of Vikings1. be made up of2. That is why.3. be different from4. consist of5. name a

6、fter6. aside from7. at the end of 8. by the 10th century9. This is beacuse.1. 由.組成2. 那就是為什么3. 和.不同4. 由.組成5. 以.命名6. 除了7. 在.結(jié)束時 8. 到10世紀(jì)為止9. 這是因?yàn)?1, The English language is made up of the grammar and vocabulary these people brought to Britain.(P22)英語是由進(jìn)入不列顛的人群所說語言的規(guī)則和詞匯構(gòu)成的。be made up of 由。組成，由。構(gòu)成。其主動形

7、式為make up組成；構(gòu)成【歸納】【拓展】make up 化妝；彌補(bǔ)；準(zhǔn)備，布置；編造；編，編寫make up for 為。而彌補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)償Our class is made up of fifty-six students. Some girls in our class like making up so much that they are often late for classes. When our teachers ask, they usually make up an excuse for it.我們班由56名學(xué)生組成，一些女生很喜歡化妝以至于經(jīng)常遲到。當(dāng)老師問時，她們經(jīng)常編造

8、借口來應(yīng)對?！局洝俊綞xercises】1) The rescue team (由.組成)16 persons.2) Twenty boys and thirty girls (組成)our class.3) 指出下列句中make up的含義。They made him up as an old man for the last act of the play. ( )Im trying to make up the time I lost while I was sick, ( )I can make up a bed for you on the couch. ( )They made

9、the whole thing up. There couldnt be such a thing. ( )He is good at making up stories. ( )is made up ofmake up化 妝彌 補(bǔ)準(zhǔn)備，布置編造編，編寫【解析】選A?？疾閙ake短語的用法。句意：賓館優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)在一定程度上彌補(bǔ)了質(zhì)量差的飯菜。make up for彌補(bǔ)；save up for為.積存；take the place of 取代，代替；turn out結(jié)果是，證明是。根據(jù)句意可知make up for符合句意，故選A。4) The good service at the hotel

10、 the poor food to some degree.A. made up for B. saved up forC. took the place of D. turned out 2, That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people（定語從句）. 那就是為何英語有這么多使人困惑的不解規(guī)則。 在That is why-中why引導(dǎo)表語從句，且在從句中作狀語。 that在此為關(guān)系代詞，指代前面提到的規(guī)則。 eg:That is why he is fond of swimming. 區(qū)別：That i

11、s why -中，why引導(dǎo)的表語從句表示結(jié)果。表示“那是為什么”That is because-中， because引導(dǎo)的表語從句表示原因。表示“那是因?yàn)椤盝ack was late for class today. _ he got up late this morning.Jack got up late this morning. _ he was late for class today.That is becauseThat is why consist of由.構(gòu)成，由.組成=be made up of His job consists of helping old people

12、. Class 155 consists of 35 girls and 20 boys.* consist of 不可用于進(jìn)行時，也沒有被動態(tài)2. consist in主要是，主要在于 The beauty of the picture consists in its balance of colors. 3. Old English consisted of a mixture of their languages. The club _ more than 200 members, and the number is increasing. A. consists of B. is co

13、nsisted of C. makes up of D. makes up解析：本題考查表示“由組成”的短語用法，consist of be made up of。故選A。A4. Both the English language and the English people are named after the Angles.(P22)英語語言和英國人都是以盎格魯命名的. name after 以.命名 be named after 以.命名(被)【拓展】in the name of. 以.的名義；代表（也作in ones name）call sb names 辱罵某人know sb by

14、 name 知道某人的名字【Exercises】1）This island was its discoverer.(該島以其發(fā)現(xiàn)者的名字命名的。)2）He attended the oarty his father.(他以他父親的名義參加聚會。)3）My grandpa told me not to .(我爺爺叫我不要辱罵他。)4）I only know him .(我只知道他的名字。)named afterin the name ofcall him namesby name重點(diǎn)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析-過去分詞做后置定語1.Before the middle of the 5th century(時間

15、狀語),people（主語） in Britain （介詞短語做后置定語）all spoke （謂語）a language （賓語）called Celtic（過去分詞做后置定語，修飾 language ）.2.the word sick（主語） came from（謂語） a word （賓語）once used by the Angles and the Saxons（過去分詞做后置定語，修飾 word ）（主句）,while（然而） ill（主語） came from（謂語） a word （賓語）once used by the Norwegians.（過去分詞做后置定語，修飾 wor

16、d ）(從句)Read and answer the questions. 1.Why does the English language have so many rules that confuse people? Because it is made up of the grammar and vocabulary that people from different countries and cultures brought with them to Britain. 2. Where did the English come from? It came from the word

17、Engle, as it is spelt in old English. 3. Why can words with similar meanings be found in the English language? These words with similar meanings developed because each word came from a different language.Part 2 Middle EnglishIn 1066By the latter half of the 14th century In 1399English had come into

18、widespread use among all classes in England.Henry IV became King of England and used English for all official events.TimeEventsThe Normans defeatedEngland and took control of the country.4. Who made the greatest contribution to the development from Old English to Middle English? The French-speaking

19、Normans, who took control of England in 1066. However, the Norman Conquest did not affect English as much as（和/像.一樣多） the Angles and the Saxons victory（勝利）（affect English）about 600 years earlier, which（the Angles and the Saxons vitory） led to Old English replacing Celtic. Even though the Normans spo

20、ke French for the entire 250 years they ruled England, French did not replace English as the first language.TranslationFrenchs influence on English:1. More words with similar meanings3. French ways of making plurals2. Words for meat and animalsMiddle Englishreply answer the same meaning (回答）Old Fren

21、ch Old EnglishMore words with similar meanings.Examples Words for animalsWords for their meatox/cowpigpork/baconsheepmuttonbeefEnglish French Why ?5. Why are many of the words for animals different from those for meat in English? The words for animals came from old English, While the words for the m

22、eat came from Old French.Examples GermanicwayFrench wayhouseshoemanchildMaking pluralshousenhousesshoenshoesmenchildren1. play a part in.2. a French-speaking people3. defeat/beat sb.4. take control of5. lead to6. on the other hand7. result in8. work as9. make contributions to 10. way of doing11. ins

23、tead of12.begin doing13. add.to.14. by the latter half e into use16. use. for. 1. 在.中起到作用 2. 一個說法語的民族 3. 擊敗某人 4. 控制 5. 導(dǎo)致，通向 6. 另一方面 7. 導(dǎo)致 8. 任.職，當(dāng). 9. 對.做出貢獻(xiàn) 10. 做某事的方式11. 代替，而不是12. 開始做某事13. 把.加到.里面14. 到.下半葉15. 開始被使用16. 把.用作.1. contribution n. 貢獻(xiàn)；投稿；捐款；捐贈物 contribute vt&vi 貢獻(xiàn)（時間，精力）；捐助；投稿 contribut

24、or n. 捐款者；投稿人 make a contribution/contributions to.對.做出貢獻(xiàn) contribute to.有助于；促使；向.投稿 contribute.to.向.捐獻(xiàn)/貢獻(xiàn).【助記】Many people contributed money to the Hope Project,which contributed to many childrens coming back to school. A teacher was so deeply moved by the kind people that she wrote an article and co

25、ntributed to a newspaper.很多人都給希望工程捐款，這使得許多兒童能夠重返校園。一位老師感動于好心人捐助，寫了一篇文章向報社投稿。 【Exercises】1）People all over the country money the homeless people in Yushu,Qinghai.(全國各地的人們向青海玉樹無家可歸的人們捐款。)2）They have outstanding the world peace.(他們?yōu)槭澜绾推阶龀隽私艹鲐暙I(xiàn)。)3）Sitting for a long time and lacking exercise may ( ) man

26、y health problems.A. attend to B. devote to C. dedicate to D. contribute to【解析】選D。本題考查了固定短語的用法。句意：長期久坐并缺乏鍛煉，可能會導(dǎo)致很多健康問題。attend to 處理；照看；devote to獻(xiàn)身于；dedicate to把.獻(xiàn)給；contribute to 促使；造成，符合句意，故選D。contributedtomadecontributions to2. take control of 控制；取得對.的控制【拓展】lose control of 失去對。的控制(be) in control o

27、f sth 掌管；控制(be) out of control 無法管理；失去控制under control 被控制住3，After the Norman Conquest, many English people worked as servants who raised animals.(P23)在諾曼征服后， 很多英國人稱為諾曼人的仆人，他們?yōu)橹Z曼人飼養(yǎng)牲畜。raise 具有多層含義：飼養(yǎng)；提出（問題）；抬起；舉起；籌集（捐款）；引起；激起【辨析】raise是及物動詞，后面要帶賓語，還可以表示抽象意義，如提高覺悟、生活水平、地位等。rise為不及物動詞，說明主語自身移上較高位置，通常指日、

28、月、星辰的升起?！綞xercises】指出下列各句中raise的含義。1）His funny remarks raised a laugh.( )2）According to the latest statistics, the money raised for the disaster area has come up to 2 billion yuan.( )3）He could hardly raise the injured arm at all.( )B. 用rise或raise填空4）It rained heavily for several days, and the water

29、 in the river a lot.5）When you have any questions, you can _your hand and ask for help.激起，引起捐款抬起，舉起roseraiseTrue or false: Prices have been risen up. The sun raises in the east and sets in the west. Jack was raised by his aunt after his parents passed away.raisedrisesFFT4，However, by the latter half

30、 of the 14th century, English had come into widespread use among all classes in England.(P23)然而，到了14 世紀(jì)后半葉時，英語已經(jīng)開始在英國各階層中廣泛使用。come into widespread usecome into use 開始使用【拓展】常用的use短語有：be in use 在使用make use of 使用；利用out of use 停止使用be of great/no use 很有用處/無用1）When did this word (開始普遍使用)？2）This rules are

31、(停止使用了)now.3）We should our limited resources.我們應(yīng)該更好地利用我們有限的資源。come into common useout of usemake better use ofPart 3 Modern EnglishDuring the Renaissance in the 16th centuryModern English appeared.TimeEvents1. because of 2. go through3. during this period4. keep (on) doing5. in the future6. It is ce

32、rtain that.1. 因?yàn)?，由?. 經(jīng)歷，通過3. 在這個時期期間4. 繼續(xù)做某事5. 將來6. .是確定的1. The question of whether English will continue changing in the future is easy to answer.“主語+系動詞+表語+to do”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，動詞不定式通常以主動形式表示被動含義。The problem is difficult to answer.The room is comfortable to live in.2. Its certain that 肯定,一定（此處不可用sure）是常見句型，此句型中，it是形式主語 that引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的主語eg:Its certain that he will come tomorrow.1）.be certain to do sth. 一定會做-eg:He is certain to live to 100. 2）.be c