英語四級培訓(xùn)資料代詞應(yīng)用市公開課獲獎?wù)n件

1、Chapter Seven PronounsWang Mengjing, SFS, CUMT.4.26第1頁第1頁I代詞語法意義代詞是代替名詞和相稱于名詞詞II代詞分類，詞法特性及使用辦法代詞可分為九類：人稱代詞personal pronoun物主代詞possessive pronoun反身代詞self pronoun批示代詞demonstrative pronoun互相代詞reciprocal pronoun: each other; one another;第2頁第2頁疑問代詞interrogative pronoun Eg. who, whom, whose, which , what關(guān)

2、系代詞relative pronounEg. who, whom , whose, which, that, as連接代詞conjunctive pronoun Eg. who, whom , whose, which, that, as不定代詞indefinite pronounEg. some; any; all; somebody; nothing; 第3頁第3頁（一）人稱代詞1人稱代詞語法意義用來代替人或事物名稱詞叫做人稱代詞2人稱代詞詞法特性人稱代詞有些人稱、數(shù)和格改變，單數(shù)第三人稱尚有性區(qū)別。第4頁第4頁（1）人稱代詞形式I /me; you/you; he/him; she/he

3、r; it/it; we/us; you/you; they/them;（2）人稱代詞在句中作用主語I am a cock.You are a teacher.She is a nurse.They are college students.第5頁第5頁賓語a直接賓語We all like him very much.My father taught me to grow cotton.b間接賓語The sun gives us light and heat.He gave me an injection of penicillin.c介詞賓 語The students are listeni

4、ng to her attentively.The League Secretary had a talk with me last night.表語-Who is it? -It is me.第6頁第6頁注：人稱代詞we, you, they有時可用來泛指普通人We eat to live, not live to eat.You should keep calm even when you are in danger.They say theres going to be another good harvest this year.They dont allow us to smoke

5、here.第7頁第7頁she能夠用來代替國家、都市、船舶、飛機、地球、月亮等，以表示親切。China is a socialist country. She is one of the biggest countries in the world.The aircraft moved slowly forwardShe became airborne and she rose clean as a swallow.第8頁第8頁在動詞be后作表語人稱代詞，在正式文體中普通用主格，但在口語和非正式文體中，多用賓格。假如跟有who或that引導(dǎo)從句則應(yīng)用主格，但在非正式英語中也可用賓格。It is

6、I.It is me.It is they.Its them.Was that she?Was that her?It is I who did it.It is me who did it.第9頁第9頁在并列主語中，I總放在最后，以示尊重別人。My mother and I drove in the campus.詩歌中有一些古體人稱代詞thou你（主格）; thee你（賓格）；ye你們（復(fù)數(shù)）；第10頁第10頁3 it主要使用辦法（1）用作人稱代詞指人以外一切生物和事物，無陰陽性之分。 I threw the ball to him and he caught it. Fish inhab

7、its under water. It swims with its tail.指嬰幼兒及未知人 The baby cried because it was hungry. The child smiled when it saw his mother.指前面已提到或?qū)l(fā)生事情 You promised to write to me as soon as you arrived there, but you didnt do it. I knew nothing about it until my cousin told me.第11頁第11頁(2)代替批示代詞this/that指做某個動作

8、人 -Who is knocking at the door? -Its me.指引起某種情況事物We must fulfill our production plan. Its our task.Its the wind shaking the window.第12頁第12頁(3)用作非人稱代詞指自然現(xiàn)象（如天氣、氣候、明暗等） -Whats the weather like today? -Its fine. /Its very cold today. Its getting dark. It often rains in summer and it often snows in wint

9、er in this city.指時間、季節(jié) What time is it now? Its half past six. What day is it today? Its Sunday. Whats the date today? Its Oct.1st. What season is it? Its winter.第13頁第13頁指環(huán)境情況 It was very quiet at the moment. It will be lovely in the park today. It was rather stuffy in the classroom at the moment. 指

10、距離 It is fifteen miles to London. It is ten minutes drive to that college. Is it far to the station? No, its quite near.第14頁第14頁指量度 How much is it? Its 40 yuan. It was then at minus ten degrees centigrade. It is twenty square meters in area. It is ten kilograms in weight. It is fifteen Australian do

11、llars in price.第15頁第15頁(4)用作強調(diào)代詞It is /was + 被強調(diào)部分+ that/who +句子其余部分可強調(diào)主語、賓語或狀語強調(diào)人時用who/whom,也可用that,其它情況均用that(間或用which)Tom first met them five years ago.It was Tom who first met them five years ago.It was them whom Tom first met five years ago.It was five years ago that Tom first met them.第16頁第16頁

12、（5）用作先行詞 用作形式主語：當主語為不定式、動名詞短語或從句 時，把主語放在謂語動詞之后，it置于句首做形式主語。 Its very important for us to study English. Its no use crying over the spilt milk. Its dangerous playing with fire. Its a pity that you didnt go to see the film. Its said that he has become a Party member.第17頁第17頁用作形式賓語當復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補）中賓語是動詞不定式

13、、動名詞或賓語從句時， 把賓語放在它補足語后面，把it放在謂語和賓語之間做形式賓語。We consider it necessary to combine theory with practice.She found it very difficult to answer the question.Do you think it any good sending more people over?I think it no use telling them.They found it strange that no one would take the money.He thinks it a

14、 pity that she didnt pass the exam.第18頁第18頁(二)物主代詞1 語法意義：表示所屬關(guān)系2 詞法特性：有些人稱和數(shù)改變，單數(shù)第三人稱尚有性區(qū)別。3 形式: my/mine; your/yours; his/his; her/hers; its/its; our/ours; your/yours; their/theirs;第19頁第19頁4 在句中作用（1）形容詞性物主代詞定語I love my work.He usually washes his hands before dinner.（2）名詞性物主代詞主語、賓語和表語My pen is n the

15、desk; yours is in your pocket.Our books are here; theirs are in the bookcase.You may have my pen; Ill have hers.（動詞賓語）Today we went in our car; tomorrow we are going in theirs.（介賓）The book is mine. He knew that the house was hers.第20頁第20頁注：1 “of+名詞性物主代詞”（即雙重所屬格）可作定語This child of hers is so lovely.He

16、 is a friend of mine.2 yours用在書信末尾yours sincerely (Bri. E.); sincerely yours (Am. E.); love yours3 詩歌中古體物主代詞 thy=your; thine=yours第21頁第21頁（三）反身代詞1 語法意義：表示主語動作對象或表現(xiàn)特性是自己本身。2 詞法特性：有些人稱和數(shù)改變，單數(shù)第三人稱尚有性區(qū)別。3 形式:myself; yourself; himself; herself; itself;ourselves; yourselves; themselves;第22頁第22頁4 在句中作用（1）賓

17、語He shaves himself every morning.(直接賓語)She saw herself in the looking-glass. (直接賓語)They are teaching themselves English.（間接賓語）He cooked himself a good meal. （間接賓語）She thinks only about herself, never of other people.（介詞賓語）She loves me for myself, not for my money.（介詞賓語）第23頁第23頁（2）表語Ah, thats better.

18、 You are yourself again.Thats myself.She is not herself today.（3）同位語（表示強調(diào)）Shed better ask the teacher himself.I fixed the window myself.You yourself said so. /You said so yourself.注：oneself也是一個反身代詞，使用辦法同上。第24頁第24頁（四）批示代詞1 語法意義：批示前面名詞并代替它2 詞法特性：除such, same, so外，有數(shù)改變。3 形式:單數(shù): this; that; such; same; s

19、o;復(fù)數(shù): these; those;第25頁第25頁4 在句中作用（1）主語This is where I live.Those who wish to go sightseeing may go now.Such is life.The same is the case with her.第26頁第26頁（2）賓語Have you read this? （動詞賓語）How do you like these? （動詞賓語）We will not tolerate another such. （動詞賓語）We must say all the same. （動詞賓語）I will write

20、 today. Do so. （動詞賓語）Do it like this.(介詞賓語)John is the captain of the team, and as such, must decide who is to bat first.（介詞賓語）第27頁第27頁（3）表語What I want is this.Oh, its not that.Our views are the same.Be it so.（4）定語I want this car, not that car.I like those flowers.I have never seen such a moving fil

21、m.He said the same thing all over again.第28頁第28頁注：前面剛提過，英語用that/thoseMy car broke down on the way. Thats why I was late.下面要談到用thisI will tell you this: why is he absent?第29頁第29頁（五）互相代詞1 語法意義：表示互相關(guān)系2 詞法特性：有格和數(shù)改變3 形式:單數(shù): each other; each others（所有格）復(fù)數(shù): one another; one anothers（所有格）each other指兩個人或物；on

22、e another指兩個以上人或物；當代英語中兩者區(qū)別已不明顯了。第30頁第30頁4 在句中作用（1）賓語For years the two brothers looked after each other. （動詞賓語）We care for and help one another.（動詞賓語）They speak English to each other.（介詞賓語）We often compare notes with one another on our work and study.（介賓）（2）定語They have great concern for each others

23、work.Students correct one anothers mistakes in their homework.第31頁第31頁（六）疑問代詞1 語法意義：表示疑問2 詞法特性：用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句，總是放在動詞前，可起名詞或形容詞作用。3 形式：who；what；which；whom；whose；第32頁第32頁4 在句中作用（1）who, whose, what, which作主語Who broke that window?Whose is the best?What makes you think that?Which of you will go with me?（2）who

24、, whose, what作表語Who is that man?Whose are these gloves and whose is this umbrella?第33頁第33頁(3)whom, which, what作動詞賓語和介詞賓語Whom do you like best?Which will you have, tea or coffee?What would you like to study in next years literature course? （以上作動詞賓語）Whom are you looking for?Whom did you give the lette

25、r to?Which of the chairs did you sit on?What was he speaking to you about?第34頁第34頁（4）whose, which, what作定語Whose house did you like?Which boys have answered correctly all the questions?What class are you in?第35頁第35頁注：whom多用于書面語，口語中可用who代替，但介詞后必須用whomWho /Whom did you borrow the book from?To whom did

26、you send the parcel?疑問代詞作主語，謂語動詞取決于它所代表人或物數(shù)，若單、復(fù)數(shù)不清楚，多用單數(shù)。-Who lives in this room?-Tom and I live in this room.第36頁第36頁what指物，有時也指人，用來問詢別人身份、職業(yè)。What is hea writer or a poet?what, who, which 后面加上ever，可加強語調(diào)，表示驚奇、憤怒、憤慨等感情。Whoever heard of such a silly idea?Whatever were you thinking of to suggest such

27、a plan?第37頁第37頁（七）關(guān)系代詞1 語法意義：引導(dǎo)定語從句2 詞法特性：所有格區(qū)別起三個作用連接作用替換作用充當句子成份3 形式：who；which；that；as；whom; whose；whose；第38頁第38頁4 在句中作用：主語、賓語（動賓和介賓）、定語This is the man who wanted to see you.The film which I saw last night is about a young teacher.Who is the man to whom you were talking when I saw you yesterday?I

28、hope to get such a tool as he repaired this instrument with.You are the only one whose advice he might listen to.第39頁第39頁（八）連接代詞1 語法意義：引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和讓步狀語從句2 詞法特性：連接主句和從句并在從句中充當句子成份；有格分別 3 形式who；whoever；what；whatever；which；whichever；whom；whomever；whose；whosever；第40頁第40頁4 在句中作用：主語、賓語(動賓和介賓)、表語、定語(1

29、)主語從句Which of these two plans is better remains to be seen?What the Party says is always true.What they are after is profit.What market economy is is what Im to explain.Whose fault it is remains a mystery.Whichever book you choose is yours.Whoever has eyes can see what great achievements we have mad

30、e since the reform and opening up.第41頁第41頁（2）讓步狀語從句Whoever comes, he will be welcome.Whatever happens, we shall not lose hope.（3）賓語從句Were ready to do whatever the Party wants us to do.Take whichever dictionary you need.Whoever has eyes can see what great achievements we have made since the reform an

31、d opening up.第42頁第42頁（4）表語從句The question is what we should do.The question is which we should choose.The question is whom you can turn to for help.第43頁第43頁（九）不定代詞1 語法意義：用來泛指或代替名詞、形容詞2 詞法特性含有名詞和形容詞性質(zhì) (others/other)有可數(shù)和不可數(shù)區(qū)別 (every/some)有單、復(fù)數(shù)區(qū)別 (other/others)some與any復(fù)合形式有指人和指物區(qū)別(somebody/something)第44

32、頁第44頁3 形式some, any, no, all, both, neither, none, either, each, every, other, others, another, much, many, a few, few, little, a little, one;somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody;someone, anyone, no one, everyone;something, anything, nothing, everything第45頁第45頁4 不定代詞在句中作用(1)some主語、賓語、定語、狀語Some are te

33、achers; others are students.You may have some.Some people are early risers.It happened some 20 years ago.(2)any主語、賓語、定語、狀語Is there any left?I cant find any.Havent you any work to do?Is he any better today?第46頁第46頁(3) no定語There is no smoke without fire.(4) all主語、賓語、表語、定語、同位語All goes well.I saw all ex

34、cept one.This is all there is.All hope is gone.I know them all.(5) both主語、賓語、定語、同位語Both are teachers.You can take both of them.There are houses on both sides of the street.They both ran away. /I saw them both.第47頁第47頁(6) none主語、賓語、同位語None of his pupils failed their examination.I like none of these f

35、ilms.They none of them had supper.(7) either主語、賓語、定語、狀語Either of you may go.We dont want either of the books.There are hills on either side of the river.I dont want the red one, either.第48頁第48頁(8) neither主語、賓語、定語Neither is correct.I like neither.Neither book is satisfactory.(9) each主語、賓語、同位語Each mus

36、t do his best.The department gave each of the students two dictionaries.Each one of us has his duty.They each put forward a proposal. 第49頁第49頁(10) every定語Every man has his weakness.(11) other主語、賓語、定語One is a teacher; the other is a doctor.I will carry one bag; you may take the other.Have you any oth

37、er questions?(12) another賓語、定語Please show me another.Have another cup of tea, please.第50頁第50頁(13) much-主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語Much has been done.It is too much.He doesnt read much.Much snow has fallen.She doesnt swim much.(14) many主語、表語、賓語、定語Many of them have left for the countryside.They are too many to enu

38、merate.How many do you want?Many people think so. 第51頁第51頁(15) a few-主語、賓語、定語A few of them are from the northeast.He has taken a few with him.I have a few friends except you.(16) few主語、賓語、定語Few know and few care.There are many new students. I just know few of them.Few people think smoking is good fo

39、r health.第52頁第52頁(17) a little主語、賓語、定語、狀語A little is known about him.I know a little about English grammar.Dont worry. You still have a little time.He is a little better.(18) little主語、賓語、定語、狀語Little remains to be done about it.He says little but does much.There is little hope.Its little better than nothing.第53頁第53頁(19) one主語、賓語、定語、表語One should be careful when crossing the street.I want large ones, not small ones.To read a foreign language is one thing; to speak it is another.One must love ones country.This is the last one.注：one