2021-2022學(xué)年福建省廈門市高二（下）期末英語(yǔ)試卷（附答案詳解）

1、2021-2022學(xué)年福建省廈門市高二（下）期末英語(yǔ)試卷一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共37.5分）AEarth watch expeditions pair researchers with volunteers to address some of the worlds most pressing environmental challenges.Explore our current expeditions to discover how you can make a difference.Climate Change at the Arcties EdgeNorthern ecosy

2、stems are being transformed by climate change.Join this long-term monitoring effort to explore what these changes mean for the arctic-and the rest of the world.Location： Churchi11,Manitoba,CanadaActivity Level： ModerateAccommodations： Single Rooms possible； Research Station； Internet accessFood： buf

3、fet-style meals； Special diets accommodatedAmazon Riverboat ExplorationAboard a riverboat deep in the heart of Perus flooded Amazon region,youll help to conserve river dolphins and monkeys,and protect the fragile South American wilderness. Location ： Samiria River,PeruActivity Level： Very ActiveAcco

4、mmodations： Single Rooms possibleFood： Chef-prepared mealsConserving Threatened Rhinos in South AfricaRhinos are believed to play an important role as ecosystem engineers.Help scientists to understand their impact on the environment to help conserve and manage rhinos in South Africa.Location： Northw

5、est Province,South AfricaActivity Level： ModerateAccommodations： Single Rooms possible； Double Rooms possible； Wilderness CampFood： Chef-prepared meals； Special diets accommodatedConserving Wetlands and Traditional Agriculture in MexicoAssist researchers in collecting data on water quality and land

6、use in an ancient agricultural ecosystem within the wetlands of Xochimilco.Location ： Xochimilco,MexicoActivity Level： EasyAccommodations： Double Rooms possible； House Internet accessFood： Chef-prepared mealsWhat are the volunteers required to do in Canada? Collect data on water quality.Observe Arct

7、ics climate change.Change northern ecosystem.Rebuild the flooded region.What do the expeditions in Peru and South Africa have in common? A. Wildlife protection.B. Water activities.C. Various accommodations.D. Independent research.Which expedition is suitable fbr a beginner volunteer? Amazon Riverboa

8、t Exploration.Climate Change at the Arctics Edge.Conserving Threatened Rhinos in South Africa.Conserving Wetlands and Traditional Agriculture in Mexico.BWhen my wife and I hired some painters to freshen up several rooms of our home,one of the men was surprised by what he found. This guy is old schoo

9、l.There are books everywhere. I am,I have to admit.I love old books,which puts me in the company of a long line of readers who often prefer them.I am not much taken by the new books, Michel de Montaigne declared in the 16th century. The old ones seem to have more meat and sinew （筋）.“That quote is in

10、 a cheap copy of his essays that I picked up in 1986, the start of my adventures in secondhand literature.Alone in a new city to take my first daily newspaper job,I was feeling anxious as I dipped into a used bookstore to comfort my mind.The musty （發(fā)霉的）shelves,rich recalling of the past,quickly calm

11、ed me.With their yellowed pages,the tom titles in the shop usefully pointed me toward the longer view in my occupation as a journalist. nNo need to get too worked up over todays fashion or headline, they seemed to say. HThere is not much new under the sun. n When I get a little down,the volume of Fr

12、ancis Bacons essays is always a ready cure： Prosperity is not without many fears and distastes,M Bacon wrote,and “adversity not without 第2頁(yè)，共21頁(yè)many comforts and hopes. For me,that comfort and hope often come from a secondhand book. Sometimes,what the previous owners have written in the empty space

13、is at least as instructive as what the authors have to say.In my worn copy of Virginia Woolfs,an earlier reader had frequently penciled integrity to describe Woolfs vision,which made me feel that my own enthusiasm for her had been confirmed.What could be inferred from Montaignes words ? He is not a

14、vegetarian.He enjoys carrying old books.Old books have endless aftertastes.Old books can start an eating adventure.How do Francis Bacons essays help the author? They inspire the author.They cure the authors illness.They reduce the authors adversity.They guarantee the author success.What can we lean

15、about the author from the last paragraph? He showed little respect for Woolf.He was familiar with earlier readers.He penciled some comments on the book.He got educated from the notes in old books.What message does the author seem to convey in the text? Books are the experience of the past.Books are

16、the only things that never die.Old wood is best to bum,old book to read.A room without books is like a body without soul.cThirteen years ago Dr Angela Zilener,of the University of Zurich,was diving in the Red Sea when she spotted dolphins queueing. nThe behaviour was so unique,n she said. They would

17、 stand in a line,wait for their turn,rub a body part,then come back and repeat the behaviour on a different body part.It was quite organised,and they really tried to cover all the body. n She realised that they were rubbing against coral and doing so selectively.lt was always the same species of cor

18、al and sponges.The activity amazed her,especially because it appeared to be performed daily. *The dolphins come to the reefs during the daytime to sleep and to socialize.M She noticed a schedule to the rubbing. It looked like they did it before they went to sleep in the morning,and then again when t

19、hey woke up.”Ziltener said an answer could be that the specific corals and sponges produced substances that helped to treat skin problems.For a paper in the journal iScience she and her colleagues investigated this by sampling the secretions.They found a set of bioactive compounds （化合 物）in them： som

20、e were antibacterial and some seemed to have other roles.Professor Gertrud Morlock,the University of Giessen who conducted the analysis,was particularly interested in some that seemed to act like oestrogen （雌激素）and others that were poisonous. MIf you think of humans,oestrogen keeps human skin in a g

21、ood state and supports its oil production.Or think about the poisonous compounds-if the dolphins have annoying viruses,that can help get rid of those on the surface, * she said.“Its like when you go to the pharmacy （藥房） and buy a tincture and put it on your skin.It helps. Such is the case,Morlock ar

22、gues,with the dolphins,except that there are logistical factors with dolphin pharmacies that explain the queueing. Dolphins dont have arms.n 8. What can we learn about dolphins rubbing against coral ? A. It is a sleeping pill*.B. It seems a daily routine.C. It is just for fun.D. It helps clean the c

23、oral.What makes dolphins skincare possible? The efforts of the scientists.The oestrogen in the body.The substances produced by corals.The oily surface of sponges.How does Morlock explain the queueing in the last paragraph ? A. By presenting data.B. By drawing a comparison.C. By explaining a concept.

24、D. By analyzing cause and effect.Which can be a suitable title for the text? Newly Found Medical Coral in UseCoral Plays Essential Roles in Red SeaMost Common Skin Problem for DolphinsDolphins Queue up for Trip to Coral PharmacyDA 5-year-old usually feels that a year is an intolerable time to wait f

25、or Christmas,while for an adult,those 365 days fly by.But there is more to our puzzling recognition of time than that.Some of it is in the brain. Adrian Bejan at Duke University says the brain*s processing speed slows as we age.Our ageing brain captures less information per second,so packs less into

26、 one block of time,or episode, can create the illusion （幻覺(jué)）that time has sped up.When we are younger,experiencing things for the first time may pack more into each episode,like a slow-motion camera capturing thousands of images per second.Moment to moment,our emotional state can affect how we percei

27、ve time passing,too.It seems to fly when you are having fun and drag when you are bored.This may be to do with how our body processes time.The theory of embodied cognition（具身認(rèn)知）says it is the processing of physical sensations （知覺(jué)）that creates our perception of the world around us,including our sense

28、 of time.The body has numerous rhythms-from the beating of the heart to the hunger in our stomach-that might all give the brain a sense of how much time has passed.We know that the brain integrates our bodily signals in a region deep in the brain.In one experiment,Marc Wittmann from Germany,asked pe

29、ople to reproduce the length of high-pitched tones while he measured their brains activity in an fMRI scanner.During this task,participants showed more heightened activity in the brain than when they did a control task in which they pressed a button as soon as the tone had stopped.According to the e

30、xperiment,anything that directs more attention to our bodies should make time seem to slow.This might explain why time crawls when we are hungry or cold. If you don*t have distraction,you start attending to your bodily self, * says Wittmann, and time drags. If you focus your attention on something e

31、lse,you are no longer listening so intently to those bodily signals,and time seems to speed up.What does the underlined word This in paragraph 2 refer to? The puzzling recognition of time.The unbearable wait for Christmas.The slower processing in the ageing brain.The image captured by slow-motion ca

32、mera.What can we learn from paragraph 3? Time is lengthened by emotional state.Time is defined by the rhythms in the body.The sense of time can activate the beating of the heart.The perception of time can be influenced by physical sensations.Why do the participants have more heightened activity in t

33、he brain ? The high-pitched tones are exciting.They are fixing attention on the bodily self.The task is challenging to deal with.They are distracted by pressing a button.Who might feel one hour the longest according to the text? A hungry student waiting for dinner.A dynamic student playing basketbal

34、l.A single-minded student having a difficult exam.A gifted student going skating in a freezing winter.二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共12.5分）Why barbecue tastes so good? The mere thought of barbecue*s smokey smell and fascinating flavors is enough to get most mouths watering.Summer is here,and that means it is barb

35、ecue season.Cooking on a grill may seem simple. Cooking with fireWhen you cook meat at higher temperatures-like over direct heat on a barbecue-the first thing to happen is that water near the meats surface boils off. （2） This reaction produces a complex mixture of molecules （分子）that make food taste

36、more delicious or meaty and adds depth to smell and flavors.（3） Barbecuing allows the water to evaporate （蒸發(fā)）or drip down.This keeps the vegetables from becoming soft and wet and promotes caramelization（焦糖）reactions.These reactions turn carbohydrates and sugars into smaller compounds with nutty,meat

37、y and caramel-like flavors. Burnt smell and crispAnother feature of barbecued food is the unique burnt smell it develops.When foods are exposed to heat for lengthened periods of time,non-carbon atoms in the food break down,leaving behind the crispy,black carbon.This is the process of burning. （4） Bu

38、t a little bit of crispy burnt flavor can add such depth to fbods.Cooking over the direct heat of a barbecue allows you to add just the amount of burnt flavor to match your taste.Smokey flavorsThe final typical barbecue flavor is smokiness.Food is particularly good at taking on smokey flavors becaus

39、e of fats and water. (5) In chemistry terms,fats are non-polar-meaning they can easily grab other non-polar molecules.Water is polar and is good at combining other polar molecules.One way to use chemistry to make food more smokey is to periodically water it properly during the barbecuing process.A.A

40、 similar process occurs with vegetables.B.Each combines different types of molecules.C.As for vegetables,things become totally different.D.Almost no one likes a completely burnt piece of meat.E.But there is lots of chemistry that results in such a delicious experience.F.Smoke is made up of gases,wat

41、er vapor and small solid particles from the fuel.G.Once the surface is dry,the proteins and sugars experience the Maillard Reaction.16. A. AEB. BC. CD. DE.F. FG. G17. A. AB. BC. CD. DE.EF. FG. G18. A. AB. BC.CD. DE.EF. FG. G19. A. AB. BC. CD. DE.EF. FG. G20. A. AB. BC.CD. DE.EF. FG. G三、完形填空(本大題共15小題

42、，共15.0分)For a long time I have seen a stray cat (流浪貓) everywhere in my neighborhood,on my porch,in my backyard,and under my car.Sometimes she even (21 )in the underpinning (建筑底 柱)of the house.Each time 1 tried to 22)her,however,she would run away.Finally J(23)and decided to respect her independence.

43、! kept a crack so she could stay under my house on the cold nights.She more than paid her(24)by keeping the mice away.We seemed to have a nice,little business25)going.Recently,though,something strange happened.This independent,loner,stray cat decided to(26)my daughter,Beth.Each time Beth walked over

44、,she was(27)by the stray.The cat walked between her legs and meowed until she got(28).It had happened day after day until this morning Beth (29)her a bowl of cat food.I guess that(3O)the deal because Beth even started calling the stray, Alice.It makes me smile seeing all these happening.Isn*t it (3

45、Dhow love works its way into our(32)and lives? We are minding our own business and(33)we have a new pet,or a new friend.Love is so glorious and we are all (34)through it.Let(35)work its way into your lives every chance you can.And let it flow into the lives of others as well.21.A. frozeB. swamC. hid

46、D. fought22.A. approachB. identifyC. remindD. cure23.A. watched outB. moved outC. turned upD. gave up24.A. taxB. debtC. rentD. wage25.A. appointmentB. relationshipC. opportunityD. competition26.A. adoptB. assistC. tolerateD. abandon27.A. declinedB. disturbedC. praisedD. greeted28.A. pushedB. pettedC

47、. examinedD. involved29.A. leftB. mailedC. showedD. returned30.A. canceledB. rejectedC. sealedD. found31.A. amazingB. funnyC. uniqueD. mysterious32.A. studiesB. businessesC. careersD. hearts33.A. frequentlyB. eventuallyC. suddenlyD. obviously34.A. trainedB. regulatedC. supervisedD. connected35.A. re

48、spectB. loveC. courageD. support四、語(yǔ)法填空(本大題共3小題，共15.0分)Perhaps one of the most famous sayings in China is, To be the first to feel concern for the troubles of the world,and the last to enjoy (it) pleasures.Fan Zhongyan always had the peoples best interest at heart.While in exile,Fan (write) an essay

49、entitled Momorial to Yueyang Tower where he expressed his idea that one should not worry about his own (person) welfare but look after the needs of common people.Fan was such (4) man as put wise words into practice all his life.(4)World Blood Donor Day ( WBDD) , celebrated (1) (annual) with various

50、activities around the world,falls on June 14.The event,established in 2004, serves (raise) awareness of the need for safe blood and blood products,and to thank blood donors for their voluntary life-saving acts.China has witnessed a steady increase of blood donations (3) 1998, the year the Blood Dona

51、tion Law took effect.Blood can never be produced or replaced.So,all the blood used for medicine relies on voluntary donation.The Fujian,Chinas third aircraft carrier, (1) (launch) in Shanghai on June 17, 2O22.As Chinas first domestically-made carrier (2) uses catapults (彈射器)，it shows the enhancement

52、 of Chinas naval power and comprehensive combat effectiveness (綜合戰(zhàn) 斗力).After a number of sea trials,the aircraft carrier, (3) (carry) the great trust of the Chinese people,will hopefully be delivered to the PLA Navy in two to three years.五、書面表達(dá)（本大題共2小題，共30.0分）39.學(xué)校英文報(bào)正在開展以Help with Chores為題的討從不論。請(qǐng)使用

53、餅狀圖中的調(diào)查結(jié)果寫一篇短文投稿，內(nèi)容包括：.做家務(wù)情況;2.評(píng)論和建議。2.評(píng)論和建議。學(xué)生做容務(wù)胃泰結(jié)果（人數(shù)百分比注意：.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；.請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡的相應(yīng)位置作答，短文的題目已為你寫好。Help withChores40. Tony and his neighbor Mia had been working for weeks on a song for Saturdays band competition.lt had great rhythms and even better lyrics （歌詞），but Tony and Mia had been stuck on the

54、 ending.BrrrringJThe bell announcing the end of the class rang as Tony tapped out a quick beat on his desk. I have made it,finally!n He exclaimed,He couldnt wait to play it for Mia.Down the hall outside the classroom,he waved when he saw a familiar face jogging toward him. Hey,buddy! Liam grinned. M

55、Playing basketball after school ? Remember?Ive been working on my jumper.n He spun （旋轉(zhuǎn)） and shot an imaginary ball into the air.Tonys mind spun too.Uh-oh.Hed forgotten all about basketball.He didnt want to let Liam down.The band competition was around the corner.He and Mia would need to get in one l

56、ast rehearsal （引練）.Tony hesitated.Maybe if he had a reason to skip.Hey,Liam, Tony said, I dont feel so great. H He gave a small cough for effect.Another time? Sure,no problem, Liam said,leaning his head to the side. Feel better soon,OK? ”Watching his friend play an invisible ball down the hallway,To

57、ny thought lying was easier than he imagined,and he could finish the song without hurting Liam.As soon as he got home,Tony immediately called Mia to rehearse the new ending together in the basement.The drum let out a sound,as Tony hit it a final time. What do you think? He looked at Mia hopefully. M

58、Perfect!* She played her guitar with a victorious stroke.lt went smoothly as he had expected.They leaped for a thrill of excitement.Just then Liam showed up on Tonys basement steps with his eyebrows raised. MThat sounds great,guys.TonyJ brought you our favorite movie,but it seems you donft need it a

59、nymore! 注意：.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右：.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Tonys face turned red with embarrassment and he tried to keep up with his lie.After Liam and Mia left with disappointment,Tony was lost in thought.答案和解析13.【答案】B、A、D【解析】（1）B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Location： Churchill,Manitoba,Canada定位到加拿大 Climate Change at the Arctic*s Edg

60、e 這個(gè)項(xiàng) 目，從 Northern ecosystems are being transformed by climate change.Join this long-term monitoring effort to explore what these changes mean for the arctic-and the rest of the world （氣候變化正在改變北方的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。加入這項(xiàng)長(zhǎng) 期監(jiān)測(cè)工作，探索這些變化對(duì)北極和世界其他地區(qū)意味著什么）可推斷出在加拿大，參 與者被要求監(jiān)測(cè)北極圈氣候，故選B。A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) Peru 段落內(nèi)容中 protecl the fra