高一(春)-03-unitthree(不定式2)

1、Unit ThreeUnit ThreeForeign Language LearningWarm-up： Can you tell the differences between Sweden and SwitzerlandFill the tableLocationCapitalPeopleLanguagesSwedenNorthernEuropeStockholm 斯德哥爾摩SwedesSwedishSwitzerlandCentralEuropeBern 伯爾尼SwissGerman,FrenchItalianPresentation 1 Word Showoffend (vt.) 觸

2、犯，得罪，使生氣He apologized for having offended her.他對(duì)得罪了 她感到抱歉。詞性變化：offence (n.)1)違法行為，犯罪capital offence 死罪2)得罪，冒犯行為No offence, but this cheese tastes like rubber.沒有冒犯你的意思，這奶酪吃起來像橡膠。offender (n.) 冒犯者，罪犯out 大聲說出關(guān)于call的詞組還有：call at some place拜訪某地call for需mcall in順便拜訪call off取消call on/ upon sb.拜訪某人call on/

3、upon sb. to do sth.請(qǐng)某人做某事(vt.) 尊重，尊敬All children should respect their parents.所有的孩子應(yīng)該尊重他們的雙親。詞性變化：respectable (adj.) 可受人尊敬的所有的孩子應(yīng)該尊重他們的雙親。Dr. Williams is a respectable scientist.威廉斯博士是位可敬的科學(xué)家。respected (adj.) 受到尊敬的a highly respected scholar 深受尊敬的學(xué)者respectful (adj.)有禮貌的，表示尊敬的He is always respectful t

4、o his teacher.他總是很尊重他的老師。respective (adj.)各自的The three men were given work according to their respective abilities.這三個(gè)人按其各自的能力被分配了工作。1)(vt.) 嘗試，企圖She attempted to go on with her work in the house.她試圖在房間里繼續(xù)她的工作。2)(n.) 努力，嘗試Could you at least make an attempt to smile 你能否起碼嘗試著笑一笑(n.) 重要性，重點(diǎn)Our English

5、course places/ lays/ puts great emphasis on conversational skills.我們的英語課程非常重視會(huì)話技能。詞性變化：emphasize (vt.) 強(qiáng)調(diào)，著重John made a speech emphasizing the need for more volunteers.約翰發(fā)表了談話，強(qiáng)調(diào)需要更多的志愿者。(v.)1)服務(wù)；為效力；接待顧客Mrs. White can t come to the telephone she s serving a customer.懷特夫人不能來接電話她正在接待顧客。(與 in 連用)任職；服役

6、He serves in the navy. 他在海軍服役?？勺觯贿m于Now the examination score serves as the only criterion for a student s academicperformance. 現(xiàn)在考試分?jǐn)?shù)是衡量學(xué)生學(xué)業(yè)成績的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。開飯；上菜；serve sb. (with) sth.If you want to be served in this restaurant, you have to line.要想在這家飯店吃飯，得排隊(duì)。度過一段時(shí)間，經(jīng)歷She served two years in prison for theft

7、.她因?yàn)楸I竊服了兩年刑。(vt.) 取代，更換George has replaced John as captain of the team.喬治取代約翰當(dāng)了隊(duì)長。We ve replaced the old adding machine with/ by a computer. 我們用計(jì)算機(jī)代替了舊 式加法機(jī)。詞性變化：replacement (n.) 代替；替換的人(物)(v.)對(duì)待，看待She treated us as children. 她把我們當(dāng)孩子看待。處理The delicate glass must be treated with care.這精巧的玻璃杯使用時(shí)要小心。3)把

8、看做=regard, considerOu employer treated our suggestionsas a joke.我們的雇主把我們的建議視為兒戲。治療The doctor treated the boy for smallpox.醫(yī)生治療這個(gè)男孩的天花病。詞性變化：treatment (n.) 治療，對(duì)待(v.)那個(gè)會(huì)議一直開到深夜。1)( 空間、時(shí)間的) 延伸，延續(xù)那個(gè)會(huì)議一直開到深夜。The meeting extended late into the night.我們最終會(huì)將公路延長到大量的，大規(guī)模的精讀2) 延長，擴(kuò)大我們最終會(huì)將公路延長到大量的，大規(guī)模的精讀We wil

9、l eventually extend the road as far as the station.火車站。詞性變化：extension (n.) 延伸，擴(kuò)展extensive (adj.)extensive reading 泛讀intensive reading(v.) 堅(jiān)持說，堅(jiān)持要求She insisted on writing at once. 她堅(jiān)持要立即寫信。注意：I insisted that he (should) come with us.他堅(jiān)持要和我們一起去。(將要去做的事，用虛擬)She insisted that she heard sb. inthe house.

10、She insisted that she heard sb. inthe house. 她堅(jiān)持說屋里有人。(已做過的事，陳述)(v.)暴露Keep indoors and don t expose your skin to the sun. 留在屋里，不要讓皮膚在太陽下 暴露。使受(危險(xiǎn)，風(fēng)險(xiǎn))As a nurse in the war she was exposed to many dangers.作為一名戰(zhàn)地護(hù)士，她置身于各種各樣的危險(xiǎn)當(dāng)中。使接觸Education should expose students to art and music.教育應(yīng)該讓學(xué)生接觸到藝術(shù)和音樂。考頻詞組：

11、be exposed to暴露于.；接觸到，認(rèn)知(v.)耕作Half the land is cultivated.一半的土地被耕作過。培植，培育It is the centre for cultivating new varieties and kinds of vegetables.這是一個(gè)培育新品種蔬菜的中心。培養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)成You should cultivate the habit of listening to what you are told.你要養(yǎng)成聆聽的習(xí)慣。詞性變化：cultivated (adj.) 有修養(yǎng)的It was a pleasure to talk to such

12、a cultivated audience.與這么有修養(yǎng)的觀眾談話非常高興。cultivation (n.) 耕作，栽培，養(yǎng)成up創(chuàng)造，編造=creatJohn made up an interesting story for the children.約翰為孩子們編了一個(gè)很有趣的故事。約翰必須彌補(bǔ)他沒有做的工作。彌補(bǔ)約翰必須彌補(bǔ)他沒有做的工作。John must make up the work he missed.化裝Using English properlyUsing English properlyThe actors were making up when we arrived.4

13、）構(gòu)成，占當(dāng)我們趕到時(shí)，演員們正在化裝。12 players make up a team. = A team is made up of 12 players. 12當(dāng)我們趕到時(shí)，演員們正在化裝。人組成一個(gè)球隊(duì)Presentation 2 Phrase Show人組成一個(gè)球隊(duì)犯罪，犯法offend the law（完形）與其寧愿prefer to do rather than do（翻譯）企圖做attempt to do something/（完形， 翻譯）make an attempt to do something尊敬某人/某事（respectful）be respectful to/

14、towards sb.be respectful of sth.把重點(diǎn)放在lay/put/ place emphasis on（完形，翻譯）進(jìn)入這個(gè)行業(yè)enter the profession技術(shù)術(shù)語technical term（完形）忙著做某事（occupied ）be occupied in doing sth./ with sth.翻譯）（完形，隨時(shí)代變化用變化change with the times（翻譯）飛機(jī)上的空中服務(wù)員flight attendant,stewardess堅(jiān)持，堅(jiān)決要求insist on sth./doing sth./ that形，翻譯） （should） （

15、完（法律、協(xié)議）要求或強(qiáng)迫某人做某事對(duì) 很感激oblige sb. to do sth.be obliged to sb. for sth.（完形，翻譯）不和時(shí)宜out-of-date （翻譯）不再流行out of style（翻譯）很多quite a few（翻譯）對(duì)起作用have an effect on （翻譯）向某人抱怨某事complain to sb. about/of sth.（完形，翻譯）小心輕放。Please handle with care.（翻譯）詞匯量大have a large vocabulary（翻譯）萬能藥a cure-all for（翻譯）醫(yī)治好某人的病cure

16、sb. of （ ?。?（翻譯）Presentation 3 Text ShowIf you don t want to offend someone, you d better know which English wordsto useand which to avoid.“server “ to a“server “ to awaitress.server isEnglishawaitress. Today, many people prefer the wordserver isEnglishWhy As society changes, so does our language. T

17、oday the wordmore appropriate. It gives the person a sense of being respected. Usingproperly is an attempt to make language more respectful to all people.Words that put too much emphasis on gender are carefully avoided. Theseinclude words that end in - ess or - man.” For example, people who serve pa

18、ssengers on airlines are now called “ flight attendants, notastewardesses. In the past, only womencould be flight attendants; today, many men have entered the profession. Flight attendant is a better expression because it includes both men and women. Many women are entering jobs that were once only

19、occupied by men, so words like “policeman and chairman are being replaced. Now “police officer and achairperson are the preferred terms.Unfortunately, English has no singular pronoun that can be used to replaceeitherhe or she. This creates some probl ems. Howdo we treat both gendersould study everyf

20、airly without such a pronoun One way is to use the plural structure. So instead of saying “If a person wants to learn English, he should study every day,“ manyould study everypeople would prefer “If people want to learn English, they shday.”Using English properly extends further than gender.Italso i

21、ncludes issuesUsing English properly extends further than gender.Italso includes issues“people withcan be considered“people withcan be consideredof race and disability. For example, some people prefer the terma disability to handicapped. The word“handicapped” disrespectful because it implies that a

22、person is helpless.However, there are people who don t like being told what words they haveto use. And they insist on not changing their way of talking- they don t thinkthey are obliged to make others feel better. But most people agree that makinglanguage respectful to all is fair. So people do chan

23、ge with the times.Additional Text:Tips for English learningLanguage letter-boxes in quite a few English newspapers are often filled withletters complaining about such problems as I don t know to improve my pronunciation and intonation. The English vocabulary is too large to handle.”O(jiān)r “I find my spo

24、ken English most worrying. Please tell me how to improve my communication skills! ”At the same time, in some newspapers, there are ads for Shortcuts in Mastering English, ”A 24 - hour Programme of Success in Spoken English or“Recipe for English Fluency, and so on.A lot of teachers of English try to

25、help fight learners worries by sayingthat the road to successful communication is clearly signposted-practise, practice and practice.If there are few such opportunities in your day-to-day life, make them up: _form clubs or learning groups, and practise talking to each other.Expose yourselves to an E

26、nglish radio broadcast, a tape recording, a filmor a video: let it be a topic or a context for discussion. Even when you are alone, try to have some practice. You can never lay too much emphasis on the importance of “input for language learning, so reading newspapers and listening to theradio are go

27、od habits to cultivate. One thing, however, is very important: the“input must be appropriate for your level. Something too difficult is useless, while spending time on something too easy will be pointless.And remember this: there is n t a cure -all for all of you. One shortcut maywork for some of yo

28、u, and another probably has a positive effect on others. Only one method works for everybody-and that is, to use English!Presentation 4 Grammar- 不定式 2一、不定式的否定形式.: 告訴他別開窗。Tell him not to open the window.: 我走過去的時(shí)候，她假裝沒看見。She pretended not to see mewhen I was passingby.注意：與主句謂語動(dòng)詞否定含義的區(qū)別.他的小狗喜歡被人輕拍。(pat

29、)His dog loves to be patted.不允許這些書被帶出去。(allow )These books are not allowed to be taken out.我去看望他，結(jié)果被告知他不在。(only to )I went to visit him, only to be told that he was out.* 4.這事故是哪個(gè)司機(jī)的責(zé)任(to blame )Which driver was to blame for the accident【注意】be to blame for常以主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)，表示為負(fù)責(zé)。5.在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語的不定式可用被動(dòng)，也

30、可用主動(dòng)。比如： There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有時(shí)兩種形式表達(dá)的意思不同。試比較下列兩句句子：There is nothing to do now. = We have nothing to do now.There is nothing to be done now. =We can do nothing now.【比較】-I have so much work to do.【比較】-I have so much work to do.I have so much work to be

31、done.Have you anything to sendHave you anything to be sent（我要親自去做）（要找人做）（你有什么要寄的東西嗎）（你有什么要我/別人寄的東西嗎）三、時(shí)態(tài)ll see you again.（1）現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示的動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)發(fā)生 在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后。ll see you again.: 我希望再見到你。I hope to see you again. = I hope that I（2）完成時(shí)：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。.: 他似乎又得 了 感冒。He seems to have cau

32、ght a cold.不定式的完成時(shí)也表示沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。下列謂語動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)加不定式完成時(shí)，或者謂語動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)（be, be due to除外）加上不定式的一般式，表示過去的期待，沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或計(jì)劃等，常譯作“本打算，原希望”。beplanexpecthopesupposewantbe due topromiseintendmeanthinkwish我原本希望早點(diǎn)完成工作。I hoped to have finished the work earlier.：我本來打算昨天來看你的，但是當(dāng)我要出門的時(shí)候有人來看我了。I had intended to call on you yeste

33、rday, but someone came to see me just whenI was about to leave.：我本來要在車站見他，但是他沒有來。I was to have met him at the station, but he didn t come.(3)進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。常用在appear、happen、pretend、seem等詞后。.: 他好像正在吃東西。He seems to be eating something.: 當(dāng)我進(jìn)去的時(shí)候，他假裝正在睡覺。He pretended to be sleeping when I c

34、ame in.四、疑問詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu) 疑問詞who, what, which , when, where, how后接不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中做主不定式作圭遺 不定式作宴迨。不定式作表語。語、賓語、表語。不定式作圭遺 不定式作宴迨。不定式作表語。.:When to leave for London has not been decided yet.:I asked Professor Lee how to learn English well.:The question was where to get the medicine needed.上述例句中的疑問詞 +不定式都可轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的從

35、句形式，如例句 1中，When I shall leave ；例句 2 中,how I could learn經(jīng)常在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中使用的動(dòng)詞有：(必背)consider考慮know知道explain解釋understand明白decide決定learn了解forget忘記wonder想知道discover發(fā)現(xiàn)observe觀察hear聽到find out找出五、省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式(1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(除 ought外，ought to )(2)使役動(dòng)詞：let、make have (let無論主被動(dòng)都不帶 to)(3)感官動(dòng)詞： see、watch、notice、observe hear、listen

36、 to 、look at 、smell、feel等后作賓補(bǔ)，勝省略to。如果是被動(dòng)語態(tài)則不能省略to。我看到他跳舞。I saw him dance. = He was seen to dance.:老板讓他們徹夜加班。The boss made them work the whole night. = They were madeto work the whole night.would rather, had better 后Why/Why not but : but前是動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，后面出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。他什么都不想做，就想出去。He wants to do nothing

37、but go out.(7)由and、or、than連接的兩個(gè)不定式，第二個(gè) to可以省略。(8)通常在 suppose、think、understand 后可以省略 to be 。他應(yīng)該是個(gè)好人。(他被認(rèn)為是個(gè)好人。)He is supposed (to be ) nice.Focus PracticeYou had better get a doctor your bad tooth.A. pull outB. to pull outC. pulled outD.pulling outDid you notice Mary to her bedroomA. came in and ranB

38、. come in and runC. coming in and runningD. having come in and runI wanted to have him the job, but he had it instead.A. do; doneB. does; be doneC. to do; doingD.to do; doneIt s dangerous to let the children who are so young in the river.A. to go swimming B. going to swim C. go swimmingD. go to swim

39、Im afraid your suggestion can t help the service oftheir shop.A. improving B. in improvingC. improve D. for improvingThe enemy had no way out but.A. surrenderB. surrenderingC. to surrender D. having tosurrenderThe matter had better as it is.A. leaveB. being leftC. leftD.be leftB. needs to repairD. n

40、eeds being repairedThe telephone is out of order and.B. needs to repairD. needs being repairedA. needs to be repairedC. needs to be repairingI urged him because the road was dangerous.A. carefulB. to be carefulC. being carefulD.carefully 10. I recommend you this dictionary.A. buyingB. to buyC. ofbuy

41、ingD. tobuyingA. be takenB. takingC. to takeD. to have takenA. be takenB. takingC. to takeD. to have takenAn old man entered the inn and asked for accommodation for him.A. to be made B. should be madeC. being made D. should havebeen madeYou don t have to spend a lot, you just need plenty of styles.A

42、. to be fashionableB. only to be fashionableC. being fashionableD. as to be fashionableWe entered the supermarket a shelter from a sudden rain.A. to be finding B. to be found C. just to findD. only to findHe made a long speech his ignorance of the subject.A. only to showB. only showing C. showing on

43、lyD. to show onlyHelen is always the first to the office.A. comes B. comingC. to come D. who cameThese candles may be attractive, but they were not made to our current safety standard.A. to be looked atB. being looked at C. to look at D. to look atthemIf anyone happens to drop in while I am out, him

44、 or her leave a message.A. get B. haveC. askD. tellIn fact, I would rather leave for Beijing than in Shanghai.A. stayB. stayingC. to stayD. having stayedWilliam Shakespeare is generally believed all those plays himself.A. to write B. writing C. to have writtenD. having writtenWith the meeting in jus

45、t a couple of hours, I hadn t the time to worry about those unimportant things.A. begunB. beginningC. would beginD. to beginKeys: 1-5 BBACC 6-10 CDABB 11-15 AACAC 16-20 CBACDHome AssignmentChoice Key: 1-5 BDDCC 6-10 BDCDD 11-15 BADBBI prefer rather than . A. read watchB. to read watch C. reading to

46、watch D. to read towatchEverybody believed the man away the diamond ring.A. sitB. sit onC. be sitD. be sat downA. sitB. sit onC. be sitD. be sat downThis problem is said three times.A. to have been talkedB. to have discussedA. to have been talkedB. to have discussedC. having been discussedD. to have

47、 been talked outC. having been discussedD. to have been talked out4. She couldn t decide which restaurant4. She couldn t decide which restaurantA. to have lunchB. to eatC. to eatD. eating atA. to have lunchB. to eatC. to eatD. eating at5. I m sorry I forgot your dictionary. Lets borrow one from Lee.

48、5. I m sorry I forgot your dictionary. Lets borrow one from Lee.A. to takeB. takingC. to bringD. bringingA. to takeB. takingC. to bringD. bringing6. - Did that book give the information you needed6. - Did that book give the information you needed一Yes, but , we had toread it almost entirely.for findi

49、ng itto find itfinding itD.by findingfor finding itto find itfinding itD.by findingit7. He reached the stationonly that the trainhad just left.it7. He reached the stationonly that the trainhad just left.A. tired -learnedB. tiring -learningC. to tireto learnA. tired -learnedB. tiring -learningC. to t

50、ireto learnD. tired to learnD. tired to learn8. The problem at tom8. The problem at tomorrows meeting is a very difficult one.A. being discussedB. discussedC. to be discussedD. toA. being discussedB. discussedC. to be discussedD. todiscuss9. John, you must get your room after breakfast.discuss9. Joh

51、n, you must get your room after breakfast.A. to be cleanedto cleancleaning D. cleanedA. to be cleanedto cleancleaning D. cleaned10. They won t let their teacher in that way.10. They won t let their teacher in that way.A. to be treatedB. being treatedC. treatedD.be treated11. I asked him tome a few m

52、inutes so thatwe could go overalltheproblems.A. to be treatedB. being treatedC. treatedD.be treated11. I asked him tome a few minutes so thatwe could go overalltheproblems.A. spendB. spareC. saveD. shareA. spendB. spareC. saveD. share12. She did nothingat the photo.except lookbut to lookexcept to lo

53、ok12. She did nothingat the photo.except lookbut to lookexcept to lookD.butlookinglooking13. - I usually go there by train.-13. - I usually go there by train.-Why not by boat for a changeto try goingtrying to goto try and goD.tryto try goingtrying to goto try and goD.trygoing14. I m hungry. Get me s

54、omethinggoing14. I m hungry. Get me somethingA. eatB. to eatC. eatingD. for eating.A. eatB. to eatC. eatingD. for eating.15. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable tothe following sentences into English(1)當(dāng)他同桌叫他綽號(hào)(nickname)的時(shí)候，他被冒犯了。 (offend )He was offended when his desk ma

55、te called him by his nickname.(2)為了逃避懲罰，他沒有回家。(avoid)To avoid being punished, he stayed outside.必須將更多重點(diǎn)放在孩子的教育上。(emphasis)More emphasis should be put on children s education.(4)我首次試做巧克力蛋糕失敗了。(attempt)My first attempt at making a chocolate cake proved to be a failure.(5)她寧愿獨(dú)處，不愿和朋友在一起。(prefer )She pr

56、efers to be alone rather than join her friends.(6)要想別人尊重你，你首先要學(xué)會(huì)尊重別人的意見。(respectful)If you want to be respected, you must first learn to be respectful of other people s opinion.(7)我的花園一直延伸到河邊。(extend)My garden extends as far as the river.(8)他們被迫賣房還債。(oblige)They were obliged to sell their house in o

57、rder to pay their debts.我感謝你提了好的建議。(oblige)I am obliged to you for your good suggestion.(9)她向經(jīng)理抱怨收銀員的粗魯。(complain )She complained to the manager about the casher s rudeness(10)局勢(shì)很難應(yīng)付。(handle)It was a difficult situation to handle.(11)沒有東西能補(bǔ)償失子之痛。Nothing can make up for the loss of a child.(12)該公司在打造

58、專業(yè)形象方面非常成功。(cultivate)The company has been very successful in cultivating a very professional image.(13)如孩子經(jīng)常在電視中看到暴力現(xiàn)象，他們會(huì)形成對(duì)生活的不良態(tài)度。(expose)Children will develop harmful attitudes towards life if they are exposed to too much violence on TV.Choose the best answer from the following box:Key: I-E-B-A

59、-C-F-G-H-DA. effectivelyB. contrastC. presentationsD. influencesE combinedCulture determines what kind of thinking is important and what kind is notso important. Learners use the language, tools, and practice of their cultureto learn concepts. Although students have their 1 learning styles, theirlea

60、rning styles are often 2 with cultural values. For example, Navajo children often learn first by observing and listening. Then, when ready, they continue learning on their own in groups and under the supervision of an adult.In this way, the children learn all the skills they need. Navajo children sp