車(chē)輛聲學(xué)包開(kāi)發(fā)技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)與優(yōu)化綜合

1、第1頁(yè)材料、設(shè)計(jì)及優(yōu)化車(chē)輛聲學(xué)包開(kāi)發(fā)技術(shù)第2頁(yè)P(yáng)art1 聲學(xué)包開(kāi)發(fā)的意義Part2 聲學(xué)包開(kāi)發(fā)的內(nèi)容Part3 聲學(xué)材料性能測(cè)試方法Part4 聲學(xué)包開(kāi)發(fā) CAE 方法Part5 應(yīng)用開(kāi)發(fā)實(shí)例匯報(bào)內(nèi)容第3頁(yè)聲學(xué)包開(kāi)發(fā)意義Part 1第4頁(yè)聲學(xué)包開(kāi)發(fā)意義路面/底盤(pán)噪聲源動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系噪聲源Structure-borne NoiseAirborne Noise傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)經(jīng)過(guò)車(chē)身/底盤(pán)傳輸路面/底盤(pán)經(jīng)過(guò)車(chē)身傳輸Wind noise第5頁(yè)聲學(xué)包開(kāi)發(fā)意義路面/底盤(pán)噪聲源動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系噪聲源Structure-borne NoiseAirborne Noise傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)經(jīng)過(guò)車(chē)身/底盤(pán)傳輸路面/底盤(pán)經(jīng)過(guò)車(chē)身傳輸Win

2、d noise聲學(xué)包處理方案第6頁(yè)聲學(xué)包開(kāi)發(fā)意義Noise PerformanceCostWeightSpaceA balanced Solution第7頁(yè)聲學(xué)包開(kāi)發(fā)內(nèi)容Part2第8頁(yè)整車(chē)NVH開(kāi)發(fā)流指標(biāo)設(shè)定/分解標(biāo)桿研究NVHCAE/DVP驗(yàn)證樣車(chē)調(diào)校第9頁(yè)聲學(xué)包開(kāi)發(fā)流程指標(biāo)設(shè)定/分解標(biāo)桿研究NVHCAE/DVP驗(yàn)證樣車(chē)調(diào)校聲學(xué)包指標(biāo)設(shè)定及分解地板/車(chē)門(mén)等TL地毯傳遞損失中控臺(tái)傳遞損失發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)艙/乘客艙吸聲系數(shù)艙蓋吸聲性能頂襯吸聲性能門(mén)吸聲性能聲學(xué)包設(shè)計(jì)及驗(yàn)證整車(chē)聲學(xué)包模型FEM/CADBOM/材料參數(shù)聲學(xué)包模型驗(yàn)證現(xiàn)場(chǎng)TL測(cè)試Ideal load測(cè)試Real Load測(cè)試聲學(xué)包設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)發(fā)滿(mǎn)足

3、目標(biāo)性能聲學(xué)包開(kāi)發(fā)聲學(xué)包調(diào)校及優(yōu)化密封性能檢測(cè)NPA分析聲學(xué)包優(yōu)化聲學(xué)性能成本/重量/尺寸材料類(lèi)型/厚度聲學(xué)包對(duì)標(biāo)測(cè)試材料性能對(duì)標(biāo)吸聲材料性能隔聲材料性能子系統(tǒng)性能對(duì)標(biāo)面板子系統(tǒng)座椅等子系統(tǒng)整車(chē)性能對(duì)標(biāo)語(yǔ)音清楚度面板貢獻(xiàn)量第10頁(yè)聲學(xué)包開(kāi)發(fā)流程指標(biāo)設(shè)定/分解標(biāo)桿研究NVHCAE/DVP驗(yàn)證樣車(chē)調(diào)校聲學(xué)包對(duì)標(biāo)測(cè)試材料性能對(duì)標(biāo)吸聲材料性能隔聲材料性能子系統(tǒng)性能對(duì)標(biāo)面板子系統(tǒng)座椅等子系統(tǒng)整車(chē)性能對(duì)標(biāo)語(yǔ)音清楚度面板貢獻(xiàn)量第11頁(yè)吸聲系數(shù)測(cè)試法向入射吸聲系數(shù)無(wú)規(guī)入射吸聲系數(shù)傳遞損失測(cè)試駐波管法試驗(yàn)室法阻尼材料測(cè)試Oberst 方法SAE 方法材料性能測(cè)試第12頁(yè)傳遞損失測(cè)試標(biāo)準(zhǔn)混響室/全消聲室測(cè)試 混響

4、室/混響室測(cè)試現(xiàn)場(chǎng)傳遞損失測(cè)試傳遞損失仿真（VA One）子系統(tǒng)吸聲量測(cè)試標(biāo)準(zhǔn)混響室ABS Cabin子系統(tǒng)性能測(cè)試第13頁(yè)聲學(xué)包開(kāi)發(fā)流程指標(biāo)設(shè)定/分解標(biāo)桿研究NVHCAE/DVP驗(yàn)證樣車(chē)調(diào)校聲學(xué)包指標(biāo)設(shè)定及分解地板/車(chē)門(mén)等TL地毯傳遞損失中控臺(tái)傳遞損失發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)艙/乘客艙吸聲系數(shù)艙蓋吸聲性能頂襯吸聲性能門(mén)吸聲性能第14頁(yè)/1/15聲學(xué)包指標(biāo)設(shè)定與分解第15頁(yè)聲學(xué)包開(kāi)發(fā)流程指標(biāo)設(shè)定/分解標(biāo)桿研究NVHCAE/DVP驗(yàn)證樣車(chē)調(diào)校聲學(xué)包設(shè)計(jì)及驗(yàn)證整車(chē)聲學(xué)包模型FEM/CADBOM/材料參數(shù)聲學(xué)包模型驗(yàn)證現(xiàn)場(chǎng)TL測(cè)試Ideal load測(cè)試Real Load測(cè)試聲學(xué)包設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)發(fā)滿(mǎn)足目標(biāo)性能聲學(xué)包開(kāi)發(fā)第16

5、頁(yè)整車(chē)聲學(xué)包設(shè)計(jì)第17頁(yè)SEA 模版模型CAD/FE 輸入材料數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)各向同性材料：密度，彈性模量，泊松比，阻尼損耗因子各向異性材料：密度，彈性模量，泊松比，阻尼損耗因子多孔吸聲材料：吸聲系數(shù)/表面阻抗，孔隙率，流阻、彎曲率，溫度特征長(zhǎng)度，粘滯特征長(zhǎng)度阻尼材料：密度，阻尼損耗因子，彈性模量，泊松比質(zhì)量材料：面密度 or IL or TL激勵(lì)譜庫(kù)不一樣工況下各面板聲激勵(lì)聲學(xué)包模型開(kāi)發(fā)第18頁(yè)理想載荷及工作載荷作用下整車(chē)測(cè)試載荷譜及車(chē)內(nèi)聲場(chǎng)響應(yīng)測(cè)試子系統(tǒng)（如火墻、地板等）特征測(cè)試傳遞損失測(cè)試整車(chē)聲學(xué)包模型驗(yàn)證第19頁(yè)整車(chē)狀態(tài)下NPA分析，明確關(guān)鍵傳遞路徑整車(chē)NPA診療第20頁(yè)聲學(xué)包設(shè)計(jì)與驗(yàn)證第21頁(yè)

6、地板、火墻等板件傳遞損失優(yōu)化密封、填充等傳遞損失優(yōu)化部件子系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化第22頁(yè)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)艙、頂襯、后備箱等吸聲性能設(shè)計(jì)部件子系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化Absorption, Sabine/m2 Frequency (Hz)Headliner Trim AbsorptionNHeadliner_WithFelt_v3NHeadliner_WithFelt_v2NHeadliner_WithFelt_Baseline第23頁(yè)聲學(xué)包開(kāi)發(fā)流程指標(biāo)設(shè)定/分解標(biāo)桿研究NVHCAE/DVP驗(yàn)證樣車(chē)調(diào)校聲學(xué)包調(diào)校及優(yōu)化密封性能檢測(cè)NPA分析聲學(xué)包優(yōu)化聲學(xué)性能成本/重量/尺寸材料類(lèi)型/厚度第24頁(yè)密封性檢測(cè)鹽霧法超聲波法聲學(xué)包優(yōu)化NPA

7、 分析優(yōu)化目標(biāo)：聲學(xué)性能優(yōu)化約束：成本/重量/尺寸優(yōu)化變量：材料類(lèi)型/厚度整車(chē)聲學(xué)包調(diào)校第25頁(yè)總結(jié)整車(chē)NVH開(kāi)發(fā)流程中聲學(xué)包開(kāi)發(fā)工作包含：對(duì)標(biāo)測(cè)試：吸聲、隔聲、阻尼，質(zhì)量、密度，空間分布、貢獻(xiàn)量，聲源級(jí)等等，關(guān)鍵制訂合理測(cè)試方案指標(biāo)分解：CAE分析：SEA模型、材料物性參數(shù)測(cè)試、聲源特征參數(shù)、NPA、制訂優(yōu)化方案實(shí)車(chē)調(diào)教：實(shí)車(chē)NVH測(cè)試、檢漏測(cè)試、部件子系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化等第26頁(yè)聲學(xué)包材料特征及測(cè)試方法Part 3第27頁(yè)聲學(xué)材料分類(lèi)第28頁(yè)吸聲材料物理特性隔聲材料物理特性阻尼材料物理特性T&S 解決方案本節(jié)內(nèi)容第29頁(yè)吸聲材料物理特征第30頁(yè)多孔吸聲材料吸聲材料：含有大量?jī)?nèi)外聯(lián)通微小孔隙和孔洞吸聲

8、機(jī)理黏滯性和內(nèi)摩擦效應(yīng)熱傳導(dǎo)效應(yīng)吸聲性能評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)法向入射吸聲系數(shù)混響室內(nèi)測(cè)試吸聲系數(shù)第31頁(yè)混響室法： ISO 354/GB T20247/ASTM C423聲學(xué) 混響室吸聲測(cè)量，測(cè)量結(jié)果為無(wú)規(guī)入射吸聲系數(shù)駐波管法：ISO 10532/ASTM E-1050/ASTM C384，測(cè)量結(jié)果為法相入射吸聲系數(shù)吸聲系數(shù)測(cè)試方法和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)第32頁(yè)ISO 354 / ASTM C423 要求樣本太大，由SAE 聲學(xué)材料委員會(huì)主持研究標(biāo)準(zhǔn)小樣本混響室測(cè)試相當(dāng)于ISO 354 / ASTM C423混響室體積1/10 （甚至更小），每個(gè)混響箱須利用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)混響室進(jìn)行標(biāo)定利用脈沖響應(yīng)法及施羅德原理 混響箱第33頁(yè)聲學(xué)

9、材料性能本構(gòu)方程Johnson-Champoux-Allard 開(kāi)發(fā)5參數(shù)方程airflow resistivity , open porosity , tortuosity viscous characteristic length , thermal characteristic length 預(yù)測(cè)方法第34頁(yè)Flow resistivity：流阻，氣流流過(guò)結(jié)構(gòu)阻力，定義為其中 p 為氣流流過(guò)材料壓力損失Vairflow 為氣體流量，d為材料厚度測(cè)試標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：EN 29053 std (ISO European std)幾何物理參數(shù)第35頁(yè)Open Porosity：開(kāi)孔孔隙率，材料內(nèi)部流體體

10、積與材料總體積比值定義：閉孔孔隙率為零幾何物理參數(shù)第36頁(yè)開(kāi)孔孔隙率測(cè)試（No Std）利用理想氣體恒溫壓縮（玻意耳定律）幾何物理參數(shù)測(cè)試第37頁(yè)Tortuosity：彎曲率，無(wú)量綱量，描述流體流過(guò)材料路徑彎曲程度定義： 其中，v 為流體流速，V 為均一體積測(cè)試方法（No Std）：電學(xué)方法幾何物理參數(shù)第38頁(yè)Viscous characteristic lengths：粘滯特征長(zhǎng)度描述材料及內(nèi)部流體相互作用粘性力，定義：Thermal characteristic lengths：溫度特征長(zhǎng)度描述材料及內(nèi)部流體之間溫度交換，定義：其中，v 為流體流速，V 為內(nèi)部流體體積， S 為內(nèi)部孔隙與材

11、料間接觸面積幾何物理參數(shù)第39頁(yè)Inverse method：遺傳算法，最小價(jià)值函數(shù)解幾何物理參數(shù)測(cè)試第40頁(yè)analytical inversion method幾何參數(shù)測(cè)試第41頁(yè)幾何物理參數(shù)測(cè)試第42頁(yè)材料拓?fù)浞诸?lèi)Rigid Frame：結(jié)構(gòu)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)強(qiáng)于內(nèi)部氣體，如聚合物纖維、穿孔板等Limp：材料密度與內(nèi)部氣體密度相當(dāng)，結(jié)構(gòu)非自支撐，多是纖維類(lèi)Elastic frame：結(jié)構(gòu)與內(nèi)部流體相互作用，如巖棉多孔吸聲材料分類(lèi)聚合物纖維：Rigid Frame軟玻璃纖維：Limp巖棉： Elastic frame第43頁(yè)P(yáng)oros-Elastic：需要知道力學(xué)參數(shù)楊氏模量（體積模量）泊松比內(nèi)損耗因子

12、力學(xué)性能參數(shù)第44頁(yè)準(zhǔn)靜態(tài)測(cè)試方法(No Std)機(jī)械阻抗和側(cè)向變形力學(xué)性能測(cè)試第45頁(yè)準(zhǔn)靜態(tài)方法有限元靜力學(xué)仿真：任意確定一個(gè)彈性模量和損耗因子，選擇不一樣泊松比計(jì)算，能夠取得 T 隨泊松比改變函數(shù)利用試驗(yàn)測(cè)試取得 T 和仿真結(jié)果能夠得到材料泊松比力學(xué)性能測(cè)試第46頁(yè)準(zhǔn)靜態(tài)方法有限元靜力學(xué)仿真：確定泊松比，改變不一樣彈性模量能夠取得壓縮剛度 K 隨楊氏模量改變函數(shù)利用試驗(yàn)測(cè)試 K 和仿真結(jié)果能夠得到材料楊氏模量力學(xué)性能測(cè)試第47頁(yè)隔聲材料物理特征第48頁(yè)聲障：隔斷噪聲從一個(gè)空間向其臨近空間傳輸反射能力強(qiáng)，吸聲性能差材料密實(shí)，透射聲能小STL：傳遞損失隔聲材料（聲障）第49頁(yè)隔聲原理：質(zhì)量定律

13、 其中f為頻率，w為面密度雙墻結(jié)構(gòu)：同質(zhì)量雙層墻比單層墻隔聲量大5-10dB柔性材料：預(yù)防材料與結(jié)構(gòu)共振非開(kāi)孔材料大質(zhì)量隔聲材料（聲障）第50頁(yè)經(jīng)典聲障材料Thermoplastic barriers with fillers(high mass per surface area)Barriers with fiber or foam decouplers Fiber/mastic/fiber constructions Lightweight impervious membranes 障板產(chǎn)品：地板系統(tǒng)、火墻絕緣板、密封材料隔聲材料（聲障）第51頁(yè)各種 STL 測(cè)試方法SAE J1400 空

14、氣聲隔聲性能試驗(yàn)室測(cè)試方法ASTM E90 / ISO 140空氣聲隔聲性能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)試驗(yàn)室測(cè)試方法ISO 15186-1聲強(qiáng)測(cè)試法第52頁(yè)SAE J1400STL測(cè)試要求：混響室-半消聲室參考樣本（均勻柔性面板）隨機(jī)噪聲測(cè)量聲源及半消聲室內(nèi)SPL測(cè)試樣本隨機(jī)噪聲測(cè)量聲源及半消聲室內(nèi)SPL第53頁(yè)ISO140/ASTM E90STL測(cè)試要求：混響-混響測(cè)試Audio AmpllifierInternal light absorptionWalls with TL of 30 dB at 100 HzMicrophones systemSteel plate and sample position第5

15、4頁(yè)STL測(cè)試要求：混響-全消ISO 15186 聲強(qiáng)法第55頁(yè)阻尼材料物理特征第56頁(yè)通常為聚合物材料，用于面板表面降低 / 耗散振動(dòng)耗散過(guò)程將機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)化為熱能常見(jiàn)阻尼產(chǎn)品：Asphalt Melt SheetsFoil Constrained Layer DampersSpray On ( Epoxy, Water based)Expandable Patch Constrained Layer (PCL)Laminated Steel Sheet阻尼材料第57頁(yè)阻尼材料應(yīng)用效果阻尼材料第58頁(yè)應(yīng)用FloorDash panelRoofDoorsBrakes阻尼材料第59頁(yè)SAE J671

16、利用基礎(chǔ)板自由振動(dòng)衰減率測(cè)試復(fù)合材料振動(dòng)阻尼SAE J1637 利用支撐鋼梁測(cè)試復(fù)合材料振動(dòng)阻尼試驗(yàn)室方法ASTM E756測(cè)試材料振動(dòng)阻尼方法阻尼損耗因子測(cè)試標(biāo)準(zhǔn)第60頁(yè)經(jīng)過(guò)振動(dòng)衰減率測(cè)試阻尼方法能夠測(cè)試材料各種應(yīng)用對(duì)阻尼影響能夠取得特定頻率和隨溫度改變阻尼不能測(cè)試復(fù)模量信息測(cè)試要求基礎(chǔ)板件尺寸：500 x 500 x 6 mm共振頻率 145 to 165 Hz，常溫下自由振動(dòng)衰減率不超出3dBSAE J671 測(cè)試方法第61頁(yè)/1/15SAE J671第62頁(yè)能夠在特定頻率和溫度下激勵(lì)阻尼桿確定共振頻率，并經(jīng)過(guò)半功率帶寬方法計(jì)算阻尼損耗因子對(duì)其它振動(dòng)激勵(lì)和溫度下進(jìn)行重復(fù)測(cè)量SAE J16

17、37 用于測(cè)試復(fù)合損耗因子，ASTM E756用于測(cè)試獨(dú)立材料Oberst Bar-SAE J1637/ASTM E-756第63頁(yè)T&S 處理方案第64頁(yè)CharacteristicsMaterial typePARAMETERSTANDARDMETHODOLOGYMass LayerFoamFiberAlpha SabineISO 354 and ASTM stdISO std Reverberant room ca 200 m3NoYesYesAlternative ABS-CAB methodNoYessee ABS-CAB cabineYessee ABS-CAB cabineTra

18、nsmission LossISO 140/x or ASTM equivalentISO 140/x std: 2 reverberant rooms face to faceYesYesYesEquivalent to ISO standard aboveAlternative: Reverberant room in the ground and Anechoic chamber on topYesYessee TL or ILYessee TL or ILNo standardAlternative: 2 box on top each other - Fiat-Peugeot met

19、hodYesYessee TL small Yessee TL small Insertion lossNo standardSame as TL above with unknown material layer laynig on top of fixed metal plateYesYessee TL or ILYessee TL or ILBulk ModulusNo standardMechanical stifness measurement and 3-d modelingNoYessee Bulk ModulusYessee Bulk ModulusDamping loss F

20、actorOberst method DIN/ISO stdYesYessee OberstYessee OberstSAE method stdYesYoungs modulusOberst method DIN/ISO stdYesYessee OberstYessee OberstPoisson RatioNo standardLaser beam static experimentYesYesAiflow ResistivityEN 29053 std (ISO European std)Forced air through sampleNoYessee Flow Resistance

21、Yessee Flow ResistancePorosityNo standardNoYesYesTurtuosityNo standardElectrical methodNoYessee TortuosityYessee TortuosityAbsorption + ImpedanceISO and ASTM standardsKundt Tube method Transfer FunctionNoYessee KundtYessee KundtNo standardKunt Impulse ResponseNoYessee KundtYessee KundtPlane wave Tra

22、nsmission LossNo standardsDouble Kundt tubeYesYessee KundtYessee KundtNo standardsDouble Kundt tube Impulse Response methodYesYessee KundtYessee KundtImpedance and physical modelNo standardNew Kundt tube versionYesYesSolutions 匯總第65頁(yè)Kundt tube：阻抗管系統(tǒng)SCS 9020B 系列駐波管吸聲系數(shù)復(fù)反射系數(shù)復(fù)表面阻抗傳遞損失復(fù)質(zhì)量密度復(fù)體積模量第66頁(yè)ISO

23、standard 10534-2 it is not very good actually and we do not recommend to follow it in total.Our recommendation it is to use the positions M1 and M2 or M2 and MII which are the original positions in the earlier ISO and are also the best one in our experience.Mic. Positions R and MI have been introduc

24、ed due to the latest revision of ISO 10534-2 which requires a higher Microphones distance for low frequencies. However, if you want to use position R, you shall move the sample about 15cm away to assure a minimum distance between the Mic. R and the sample. You just have to move backward the piston,

25、it is very simple.RM2M1MIIMIKundt tube：吸聲系數(shù)測(cè)試配置第67頁(yè)Microphones positions1 2Microphones positions3 4SampleSound Source1 or 2 Loads(anechoic terminations)unu*nTL 測(cè)試沒(méi)有相關(guān)ISO或者ASTM標(biāo)準(zhǔn)3 microphones method or “single” load TL Modulus only4 microphones method or “two-loads” TL Modulus, f, ZcKundt tube：吸聲系數(shù)測(cè)試

26、配置第68頁(yè)From ISO 10534 it can be seen that Sound absorption coefficient of the material can be determined using Standardized Kundt apparatus with 2 methods:SWT “standing wave ratio” and TF “transfer function method”While the SWT intrinsically get to single Frequency values, steady state sinusoidal exc

27、itation, the TF is based on FFT and FRF so it get to expressed in a full spectrumA problem: how to derive 1/3 or 1/1 octave values from TF method?Common sense says: take the values at the Frequencies corresponding to 1/3 octave bands nominal value!New methodology based on the measurement of the reve

28、rberation time in the tube.It can be considered a kind of hybrid among ISO 10534 but it is more precise and energetically correct.The sound signal is an exponential sine sweep of which it is measured the Impulse Response Function IRF.By convoluting the IFR with 1/3 octaves IIR we obtain the from a “

29、whole” 1/3 octave bands and not just from a single Frequency line!Sine SweepIRFKundt device with add.on elements for T60Kundt Tube extended metodologies (T60)第69頁(yè)Everything is compatible with standard Kundt deviceCircled items are add-on for T60Squared items are standardSample IISample ILoudspeakerO

30、nly 1 micorphone is necessaryImpulse Response (from T60 measurment)A new method for the measurement of single and coupled absorption coefficients It is based on the reverberation time in the Kundt tubeThe method produces 1/3 octave band sound absorption values and complies with ISO-ASTM results but

31、resolves ambiguities in the conversion of FFT values into 1/3 octave values. The sound energy is injected at side and moves in both directions and build up the standing wavesAfter each impact of the plane waves with the samples at the ends the intensity of the waves is reduced yelding to the concept

32、 of Reverberation TimeReverberation time (T60) is obtained from the measurement of the impulse response using a methodology known as “exponential sine sweep”: Squared Impulse Response and Schroeder back-integration to evaluate the reverberation time in the tube with an exceptional S/N ratio. Compari

33、son of results for 0 using ISO-ASTM method (TF) and the Impulse Response (TF) for T60 evaluationTransmission Loss measurements in a tube can also be performed.The excitation signal is a sine sweep and the impulse response of each microphone position is determined. The maxima peaks shift of the measu

34、rements gives the distance x1 to x4 and the amplitude coefficient of the Complex Pressure function are determined and used to estimated the coefficient of Transfer Function Matrix Kundt Tube extended metodologies (T60)第70頁(yè)ABS Cabine: 混響箱系統(tǒng)SCS 9031 ABS Cabine樣本尺寸 1m*1.2m頻率范圍： 500 8000Hz 1/1 Octave 31

35、5 8000 Hz 1/3 Octave空間5個(gè)測(cè)試點(diǎn)，內(nèi)部配置自動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)定位裝置；墻壁由多層復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)制成，隔聲量?jī)?yōu)于20dB(100Hz)；專(zhuān)業(yè)后處理軟件：基于施羅德原理，Windows XP第71頁(yè)SCS9023流阻測(cè)試（EN 29053）電子速度控制器標(biāo)定杯可調(diào)樣品夾具可替換凸輪直徑100mm管體，包含活塞和齒輪傳動(dòng)電機(jī)1/2“ 麥克風(fēng)及附件專(zhuān)業(yè)后處理軟件Flow Resistivity：流阻測(cè)試系統(tǒng)第72頁(yè)SCS 9028 開(kāi)孔孔隙率測(cè)試適合用于開(kāi)孔性材料測(cè)試，如 纖維、毛氈、泡沫等高精度驅(qū)動(dòng)控制，微米級(jí)空腔壓力差為0.3-1 mm Hg之間測(cè)試精度優(yōu)于 1 %Porosity：開(kāi)孔率測(cè)

36、試系統(tǒng)第73頁(yè)SCS 9025 彎曲率測(cè)試系統(tǒng)（No Std）圓柱形水箱、測(cè)量箱試樣夾具、電極、管路及連接件桌面型寬頻帶功率推進(jìn)器，帶有高、低通濾波器專(zhuān)業(yè)測(cè)量分析軟件包Turtuosity：彎曲率測(cè)試系統(tǒng)第74頁(yè)P(yáng)AM-RC RoKCellsoftware determine parameters related to visco-inertial and thermal dissipation inside a porous material following JCAL (Johnson Champoux Allard Lafarge) model. It allows for the d

37、etermination of 5 parameters: the static air flow resistivity, the high frequency limit of the dynamic tortuosity, the viscous and thermal characteristic lengths the static thermal permeability. It is “unique” for 2 reasons:the implemented method consists in an analytical inversion of all non-direct

38、ly measurable parameters: it does not rely on any curve fitting; method described by Panneton & Olny in their and publications. It allows the determination of the static thermal permeability:a parameter introduced by Lafarge et al. to improve the description of the thermal dissipation inside porous

39、media. PAM-RC Software第75頁(yè)P(yáng)AM-RC RoKCellsoftwareRoKCell main panel:IN the example it shows Normal incidence absorption coefficient measured vs. estimated resultscharacterization windows for visco-inertial (tortuosity, viscous characteristic length) main parameter is complex mass density.Characteriza

40、tion windows for thermal parameters (thermal characteristic length, static thermal permeability) main parameter is Bulk modulusPAM-RC Software第76頁(yè)P(yáng)AM-RC RoKCellsoftware - How it works? As simple as 1, 2 and 3Preliminary:Get Kundt tube data: Complex impedance, TL, complex mass density and Bulk modulu

41、sGet Open porosity or try a first guess (0.8 to 0.9)Step 1Adjust cursors in the characterization windows for visco-inertial (tortuosity, viscous characteristic length) main parameter is complex mass density in the low frequency range until obtaining a good correspondance between experimental data an

42、d theoretical ones Step 2Adjust cursors in the Characterization windows for thermal parameters (thermal characteristic length, static thermal permeability) main parameter is Bulk modulus - in the mid frequency range until obtaining a good correspondance between experimental data and theoretical ones

43、 Step 3Go to PAM-RC RoKCell main panel (Normal incidence absorption coefficient, TL, or Impedance) and adjust porosity to obtain the best correspondance between measured vs. estimated resultsValidationResults check: Run “Auto” mode to estimate the whole set of parameters and check if the previous an

44、alytical results are confirmed.Standard physical model is JCAL with 6 parametersAlternatively it also works based on Delany and Bazley model with Flow resistivity as single parameter All experimental data, estimated data and other information are stored in “txt” readable files.PAM-RC Software第77頁(yè)SCS

45、 9026 彈性測(cè)試測(cè)試系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)楊氏模量，動(dòng)剛度，阻尼損耗因子等鋼&鋁制機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)步進(jìn)式正弦信號(hào)發(fā)生器及閉環(huán)控制器靜態(tài)楊氏模量及泊松比測(cè)試選項(xiàng)包含加載機(jī)構(gòu)壓縮材料，經(jīng)過(guò)兩組多束激光測(cè)量側(cè)向變形，分辨率到達(dá)10 micron真空測(cè)試環(huán)境選項(xiàng)真空環(huán)境艙及真空泵，環(huán)境可到達(dá)100 mBASeismic table 桌面Mechanical stifness：彈性參數(shù)測(cè)試系統(tǒng)第78頁(yè)隔聲測(cè)試處理方案非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)產(chǎn)品可依據(jù)客戶(hù)要求提供符合各種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求大、中、小型隔聲測(cè)試方案第79頁(yè)SCS 9022 SAE 阻尼測(cè)試方案測(cè)試基礎(chǔ)鋼板 600 x 600m 5mm 厚承載板及彈性支撐裝置等ICP型力錘， 0 to

46、445N, 11.2 mV/N加速度傳感器，ICP型，靈敏度7mV/g專(zhuān)業(yè)后處理軟件SAE J671 阻尼測(cè)試系統(tǒng)第80頁(yè)Oberst Bar 阻尼測(cè)試系統(tǒng)SCS 9021 Oberst 測(cè)試系統(tǒng)測(cè)試專(zhuān)用臺(tái)架、可調(diào)整夾具及機(jī)械臂電磁激振器及電源適配器等高溫、非接觸感應(yīng)式位移傳感器位移傳感器信號(hào)輸入調(diào)理，BNC輸出參考鋼桿300 x10 mm 1mm 厚專(zhuān)業(yè)后處理軟件第81頁(yè)聲學(xué)包開(kāi)發(fā)CAE仿真Part 5第82頁(yè)/1/15材料預(yù)測(cè)模型第83頁(yè)任意截面形狀圓柱孔內(nèi)空氣有效密度和有效模量其中材料預(yù)測(cè)模型-介觀力學(xué)第84頁(yè)剛性框架材料內(nèi)聲傳輸從幾何框架出發(fā)模擬多孔材料等效密度和模量難度很大，所以多數(shù)

47、建模采取了 phenomenological 理論（homogenization theory），其中 Johnson and Champoux and Allard 工作得到了廣泛認(rèn)可很顯著，有效密度和有效模量取決于材料 5 個(gè)幾何參數(shù)airflow resistivity , open porosity , tortuosity viscous characteristic length , thermal characteristic length 材料預(yù)測(cè)模型-均質(zhì)理論第85頁(yè)表面阻抗及傳輸常數(shù)Delany and Bazley 模型適合玻璃棉和較軟巖棉材料預(yù)測(cè)模型-半經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式第86頁(yè)

48、針對(duì)多孔彈性材料，并假設(shè)材料為均質(zhì)和各向同性材料預(yù)測(cè)模型-Biot 原理第87頁(yè)Statistical Energy AnalysisTypical applicationsAssemblies doors, cockpits, etc.Systems and sub sub-systemsComplete vehicles interior & exteriorTypical frequency range 500 to 10k HzAdvantagesGeometric detail not criticalAccurate to higher frequenciesSolution ti

49、mes relatively short (min.)Moderate computing power needsDisadvantagesRequires structural structural-acoustic expertiseValidation testing can be complicated complicated第88頁(yè)Hybrid FEM/SEA Method Typical applicationsComplete vehicle modelsComponentsTypical frequency range 10 to 10k HzAdvantagesNearly

50、full frequency rangeDisadvantagesEmerging technology Not much experience yet with this technology第89頁(yè)90Vehicle Airborne exitation How can we predict diffraction of source around vehicle in order to define exterior SPL for SEA model? Airborne SEA modelsourceOption # 1 : Use test data time consuming,

51、non predictiveOption # 2 : Use semi-empirical methods not accurateOption # 3 : Use simulation objective of this study第90頁(yè)91 / SubsystemPressure distribution at specific frequencySpace/frequency averaged pressure response in 1/3rd octave bandCPU timeAccuracyFMM solution outputSEA model inputEvaluatio

52、n of resultsVehicle Airborne excitation第91頁(yè)第92頁(yè)第93頁(yè)第94頁(yè)95FEM+PEM怎樣在整車(chē)有限元模型中模擬裝飾效果（0-400Hz）？?方法 # 1 :- 在白車(chē)身結(jié)構(gòu)有限元基礎(chǔ)上采取等效質(zhì)量/彈簧模擬裝飾，并對(duì)有限元聲腔進(jìn)行等效方法 # 2 :- 采取完全 BIOT方程 描述多孔彈性材料，模擬結(jié)構(gòu)、裝飾和流體完全耦合響應(yīng)模型能夠正確描述物理現(xiàn)象及響應(yīng)第95頁(yè)P(yáng)EM 描述內(nèi)裝飾、耦合效果而且計(jì)算耦合響應(yīng)FEM+PEM第96頁(yè)P(yáng)AM-P AlphaCellis a software based on the Tranfer Matrix Metho

53、d (TMM/FTMM) It predicts the sound absorption or sound transmission performances of material layers. These layers can describe porous media, solid materials or fluids (air).User can apply simple and advanced models:Delany Bazley(1 parameter),JAC Johnson Champoux Allard(5 parameters),JACL Johnson Cha

54、mpoux Allard Pride Lafarge (8 parameters),Olny Boutin double prosoity model, micro-perforated facings with circular, rectangular or slit-like perforations,Biot model (isotropic skeleton, 4 parameters) which can be applied to all previous acoustic models to include the elastic effects of the porous f

55、rame. AlphaCell features:an intuitive interface, a database of materials (from experiments or from PAM-RC estimation), a project management for simulations, a customizable PDF report generation of the simulations, a data export/import for comparisons.PAM-P software：多層聲學(xué)包設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)化第97頁(yè)Layer nameModelParameters1Foam 4 AA09 Fig11.11Acoustic: JCAElastic: Elastic (