2020牛津譯林版選擇性必修一unit4-Grammar-and-usage課件

1、2020牛津譯林版選擇性必修一unit4-Grammar-and-usage課件2020牛津譯林版選擇性必修一unit4-Grammar-aOverview of to-infinitives, verb-ing and verb-ed formsOverview of to-infinitives, veIdentify and categorize the use of to-infinitives, verb-ing and verb-ed forms;Summarize general rules of to-infinitives, verb-ing and verb-ed form

2、s;3. Use the right forms of to-infinitives, verb-ing and verb-ed forms to finish tasks such as rewriting sentences, completing an article and writing on the importance of reading poem.Identify and categorize the usLead-in1. What are the main types of non-finite verbs?2. What can to-infinitives, verb

3、-ing and verb-ed forms be used as in a sentence?To-infinitives, verb-ing forms and verb-ed forms.They can be used as subject, predicative, object, attributive, adverbial and object complement.Lead-in1. What are the main tyExploring the rulesRead the introduction on Page 48 and fill the table.Explori

4、ng the rulesRead the inRomanticismDefinitionIt was a (1) _ from the late 18th to the mod-19th century, evolving (2) _ _ and poets.Aim To (3) _ of the 18th century To put emphasis on the importance of imagination and feeling, (4) _ and a return to the pastRepresentatives of English poets(5) _ _Common

5、 theme in Romantic poetryCelebrating the beauty of (6) _ SignificanceThe poetry of the Romantic era is one of (7) _.cultural movementpainters, musicians,novelistsbreak with the idealsthe love of natureWilliam Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, George Gordon Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelleynature and co

6、untry lifethe greatest treasures in Western literatureRomanticismDefinitionIt was a Go through the introduction and find the sentences that used to-infinitives, verb-ing or verb-ed forms and fill in the table. One has been done for you.Go through the introduction anSubjectsPredicativeThe aim of the

7、Romantics was to break with ObjectsComplementsAttributivesAdverbials, celebrating the beauty of nature and country life became a common theme in Romantic poetry.Romantic poets were often not pleased with they were not always interested in they refused to follow rigid rules; Instead, they advocated g

8、oing back to nature. people were made to work long hours. a process called industrialization.Exploring the world of emotion and showing the beauty of nature, SubjectsPredicativeThe aim of Working out the rulesThe to-infinitive often refers to an action that will happen in the future; the verb-ing fo

9、rm, a continuing action; and the verb-ed form, a past action.Generally speaking, the verb-ing form expresses a(n) (1)_ (active/passive) meaning, while the verb-ed form expresses a(n) (2)_ (active/passive) meaning.activepassiveWorking out the rulesThe to-inThe to-infinitive can be used as the (3)_ of

10、 a sentence. The verb-ing form can be used as the (4)_ of a sentence. The verb-ed form can be used as the (5)_ of a sentence.*You can choose more than one answer for each blank. a. subject b. predicative c. object d. complement e. attributive f. adverbiala, b, c, d, e, fa, b, c, d, e, fb, d, e, fThe

11、 to-infinitive can be used 非謂語動詞通常指動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式和動詞-ed形式，在句中可用作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語。非謂語動詞在句中不可單獨用作謂語，不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制。非謂語動詞非謂語動詞通常指動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式和動詞-ed形式形式功能主語賓語表語定語狀語補(bǔ)語動詞不定式動詞-ing形式動詞-ed形式形式功能主語賓語表語定語狀語補(bǔ)語動詞不定式動詞-ing形式動Both to-infinitive and verb-ing forms can be used as subjects in a sentence. When to-in

12、finitive is the subject, it is often replaced by the formal subject it, and to-infinitive is placed at the end of the sentence.動詞不定式和動詞-ing形式都可以在句中用作主語。不定式作主語時常常用形式主語it代替，不定式置于句末。eg Collecting stamps is my hobby. It is my hobby to collect stamps.非謂語作主語動詞不定式與動詞-ing形式Both to-infinitive and verb-inVerb

13、-ing form is sometimes replaced by the formal subject it, and verb-ing form is placed at the end of the sentence.動詞-ing形式有時也用形式主語it代替，動詞-ing形式置于句末。eg It is no good pretending to know what you do not know. It is no use complaining.Verb-ing form is sometimes repeg Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火是危險的

14、。(泛指玩火)To play with fire will be dangerous.玩火將很危險。(指某一具體動作)動詞-ing形式作主語表示一般的或抽象的習(xí)慣性的行為；不定式作主語往往表示具體的、一次性的或特指的動作。eg Playing with fire is danger非謂語作定語動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式在afford, agree, arrange, choose, claim, desire, expect, fail, hope, intend, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, wish等動詞后，常接動詞不定式作賓語。eg Mike of

15、fered to help me. Tom promised to go with me.非謂語作定語動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式在afford, a在advise, admit, avoid, consider, deny, enjoy, finish, practice, suggest等動詞以及burst out, give up, insist on, keep on, put off等短語后，常接動詞-ing形式作賓語。eg I considered going to se him in person. Everyone burst out laughing.在advise, adm

16、it, avoid, conside在like, love, begin, start等動詞后，既可以接動詞不定式作賓語，也可以接動詞-ing形式作賓語，但兩者區(qū)別不大，?？梢越粨Q使用。eg I like singing. = I like to sing. It started raining. = It started to rain.在like, love, begin, start等動詞后，在remember, forget, regret, try, mean等動詞后，既可以接動詞不定式作賓語，也可以接動詞-ing形式作賓語，但兩者意義不同。to do sth. 記得去做某事doin

17、g sth. 記得做過某事rememberforgetto do sth. 忘記去做某事doing sth. 忘記做過某事regretto do sth. 對即將做的事表示遺憾doing sth. 對做過的事表示后悔在remember, forget, regret, trytryto do sth. 設(shè)法做某事doing sth. 試著做某事meanto do sth. 打算(想要)做某事doing sth. 意味著(要)做某事stopto do sth. 停下正在做的事去做另一事doing sth. 停止做某事tryto do sth. 設(shè)法做某事meanto do seg I remem

18、ber seeing him before. 我記得曾經(jīng)見過他。 Remember to tell him about it. 記得把這件事告訴他。 I now regret telling the lie. 我現(xiàn)在后悔說謊了。 I regret to tell you the bad news. 我很遺憾告訴你這個壞消息。eg I remember seeing him bef介詞后一般只接動詞-ing形式作賓語。eg How about coming with us?介詞后一般只接動詞-ing形式作賓語。eg How ab非謂語作表語動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式與動詞-ed形式動詞不定式可

19、以在句中用作表語，說明主語所指的內(nèi)容，動詞不定式可以帶邏輯主語。動詞不定式作表語，有的情況下to可以省略。eg My purpose is to help them. My hope is for all members to come together. All I did was (to) give him a little push.非謂語作表語動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式與動詞-ed形式動詞動詞-ing形式和動詞-ed形式可以在句中用作表語，說明主語的特征或者狀態(tài)，動詞-ing形式還可以表示主語所指的內(nèi)容。eg The book was so interesting that he a

20、lmost forgot the time. He is very concerned with the matter. This is asking for trouble.動詞-ing形式和動詞-ed形式可以在句中用作表語，說明主語非謂語作定語動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式與動詞-ed形式When used as attributive, to-infinitives often express what will happen, verb-ing forms often express what is happening, and verb-ed forms often express w

21、hat has happened or express a passive meaning.動詞不定式作定語常表示將要發(fā)生的事，動詞-ing形式作定語表示正在發(fā)生的事，動詞-ed形式常表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事或表示被動意義。非謂語作定語動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式與動詞-ed形式Wheg I have a meeting to attend tomorrow. The boy standing there is my friend. Jack cleared the fallen leaves on the ground. Many students like to read novels writt

22、en in English.eg I have a meeting to atten動詞不定式和動詞-ing形式作定語時可以有被動形式。eg The building to be built in the square will be a new library. Do you see the house being built over there?動詞不定式和動詞-ing形式作定語時可以有被動形式。eg When used as adverbial, to-infinitives can express purpose or result, verb-ing and verb-ed for

23、ms can express time, cause, etc.非謂語作狀語動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式與動詞-ed形式動詞不定式作狀語可以表示目的或者結(jié)果，動詞-ing形式和動詞-ed形式作狀語可以表示時間、原因、伴隨等意義。When used as adverbial, to-infeg Susan came to see me. She lived to be one hundred. I sat there waiting for him. Compared with you, we should work harder than before. Deeply moved, I dec

24、ided to follow his example.eg Susan came to see me.動詞-ing形式具有主動意義，動詞-ed形式具有被動意義。eg She was in the kitchen preparing dinner. Compared with you, we still have a long way to go.動詞-ing形式作狀語可用完成式。eg Having finished their work, they had a good rest.動詞-ing形式具有主動意義，動詞-ed形式具有被動意義。e非謂語作補(bǔ)語動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式與動詞-ed形

25、式在expect, forbid, force, order, permit, request, warn等動詞后，常接“名詞/代詞+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，動詞不定式作補(bǔ)語。eg We can always expect him to help us. He warned us to be careful.非謂語作補(bǔ)語動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式與動詞-ed形式在eWhen used with see, hear, notice watch and feel as object complement, bare-infinitives can express the whole process o

26、f an action, verb-ing forms can express what is happening.在see, hear, notice, watch, feel等動詞后，可以接不帶to的動詞不定式作補(bǔ)語，表示動作的整個過程；這些動詞也可以接動詞-ing形式作補(bǔ)語，表示動作正在進(jìn)行。When used with see, hear, notie.g. I saw him cross the street and enter the shop. 我看見他穿過馬路然后進(jìn)了一家商店。 I saw him crossing the street. 我看見他正在過馬路。e.g. I sa

27、w him cross the streeeg How would you like your hair cut? We must get the work finished by 10 oclock. When used as object complement, verb-ed forms often express a passive meaning.動詞-ed形式作補(bǔ)語常表示被動意義。eg How would you like your haApplying the rulesRewrite the following sentences using to-infinitive, ve

28、rb-ing or verb-ed forms.1. Romantic poets experimented with new poetic forms. They were particularly interested in it. Romantic poets were particularly _. interested in experimenting with new poetic formsApplying the rulesRewrite the 2. Romantic poets often mentioned the effect of beauty on the poet

29、s imagination when they described natural scenes. Romantic poets often mentioned the effect of beauty on the poets imagination when _. 3. Poems that focus on nature often stress the moment of inspiration. Poems _ often stress the moment of inspiration.describing natural scenesfocusing on nature2. Ro

30、mantic poets often mentio4. Many Romantic poems are filled with descriptions of magic and ancient themes, and contain rich sensory details. _, many Romantic poems contain rich sensory details. 5. Since Romantic poets were highly colourful and independent individuals, finding concerns common to all o

31、f them is sometimes difficult. Since Romantic poets were all highly colourful and independent individuals, it is sometimes difficult _ _.Filled with descriptions of magic and ancient themesto all of themto find concerns common 4. Many Romantic poems are filBorn in 1770, William Wordsworth was one of

32、 the (1)_ (lead) poets of the Romantic movement in England. (2)_ (grow) up in the beautiful Lake District, Wordsworth had a childhood that was perfect for a developing poet. (3)_ (educate) at Cambridge, Wordsworth received his degree in 1791. He spent a lot of time (4)_ (tour) in Europe. leadingGrow

33、ing Educated touringBelow is an article about the English poet William Wordsworth. Complete the article with the correct to-infinitive, verb-ing or verb-ed forms of the verbs in the brackets. Born in 1770, William WordsworTravelling obviously provided Wordsworth with plenty of ideas for his poems. I

34、n 1795, he met Samuel Taylor Coleridge and the two talented young men became close friends. (5)_ (meet) Coleridge had a huge impact on Wordsworth. Lyrical Ballads, a collection of poems (6)_ (write) together with Coleridge, was Wordsworths first great work. It was published in 1798 and marked the st

35、art of the Romantic era in poetry. Wordsworth explained that they wanted to write poetry that ordinary people could use (7)_ (express) their feelings. Meeting writtento expressTravelling obviously provided Many of the poems in the collection were about returning to nature. Like other Romantics, Word

36、sworth preferred (8)_ (live) in the country rather than in the city.living/to liveMany of the poems in the colleWilliam Wordsworth: a (1) _ of the Romantic movement in England1770He was born in England.1791(2) _1795 (3) _ _1798(4) _ _ _leading poetHe received his degree from Cambridge.He met Samuel

37、Taylor Coleridge and the two became close friends.Lyrical Ballads, a collection of poems was published, which was Wordsworths first great work and marked the start of the Romantic era in poetry.William Wordsworth: a (1) _Write about the importance of reading poems. Think of at least one reason and g

38、ive supporting details, using to-infinitives verb-ing or verb-ed forms. Use the example below to help you.Reading poems helps me understand the beauty of language. There are a lot of poetic devices employed in poems, such as rhyme and metaphor. When reading these beautifully written lines, I can enj

39、oy the beauty of the language.Write about the importance of Reading poems helps develop deep insight into what the poet wants to express. Every poem is unique to its poet and its message might first need to be discovered before it can be understood. A poem also represents what the poet was experienc

40、ing at that time, such as passion or sorrow. When I read a poem, I want to discover and understand the poets message. So I often think about what the poet was going through at that time. Understanding the poets thoughts and feelings opens up a whole new world for me and keeps me from getting bored.

41、Reading poems helps devel1. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change-4 _ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. (2020年新課標(biāo)全國卷I)2. The next morning he hired a boat and set out _ (find) the well-known painter. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the

42、 soft clouds _ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. (2020年新課標(biāo)全國卷III)to findto findsurrounding1. Chinese researchers hope to4. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模擬) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or _ (walk) through a rainforest. (2020年全國新高考I卷)5. Agricul