2021中考英語復(fù)習(xí)：語法專題突破專題10動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)課件

1、2021中考英語復(fù)習(xí)：語法專題突破專題10動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)課件2021中考英語復(fù)習(xí)：語法專題突破專題10動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)課|動詞的時態(tài)|考點一動詞的各種形式1. 動詞原形、第三人稱單數(shù)形式、現(xiàn)在分詞類別構(gòu)成例詞動詞原形 沒有經(jīng)過任何變形,也就是詞 典中給出的一般形式 be, have, do, learn第三人稱單數(shù)形式 一般在動詞原形后加-s runruns, likelikes 以ch,sh,s,o,x結(jié)尾的動詞后 加-es teachteaches, washwashes, gogoes, passpasses, fixfixes 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞,先 將y變?yōu)閕,再加-es s

2、tudystudies, carrycarries|動詞的時態(tài)|考點一動詞的各種形式類別構(gòu)成例詞動詞原形 沒類別構(gòu)成例詞現(xiàn)在分詞 在動詞后加-ing readreading, cookcooking 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動 詞,去掉e再加-ing liveliving, writewriting 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動詞, 末尾只有一個輔音字母時, 雙寫該輔音字母后再加-ing sitsitting, shopshopping, beginbeginning 少數(shù)幾個以ie結(jié)尾的動詞要 變ie為y,再加-ing diedying, lielying, tietying 類別構(gòu)成例詞現(xiàn)在分詞 在

3、動詞后加-ing readread2. 動詞的過去式及過去分詞的構(gòu)成變化情況規(guī)則例詞規(guī)則變化在動詞原形后加-ed workworkedworked, staystayedstayed以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞,先將y變?yōu)閕再加-ed carrycarriedcarried, studystudiedstudied以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動詞,直接加-d livelivedlived, closeclosedclosed以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾而末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞,雙寫該輔音字母后再加-ed stopstoppedstopped, planplannedplanned2. 動詞的過去式及過去分詞的構(gòu)

4、成變化情況規(guī)則例詞規(guī)則在動詞變化情況規(guī)則例詞不規(guī)則變化AAA型(即原形、過去式與過去分詞三式同型) cutcutcut, putputput, letletletABB型(即過去式與過去分詞同型) thinkthoughtthought, teachtaughttaughtABC型(即原形、過去式與過去分詞不同型) dodiddone, gowentgoneABA型(即原形與過去分詞同型) comecamecome, runranrun變化情況規(guī)則例詞不規(guī)則AAA型(即原形、過去式與過去分詞三式時態(tài)用法構(gòu)成常見標(biāo)志詞語例句一般現(xiàn)在時 (1)表示經(jīng)常性、 習(xí)慣性的動作 (2)表示現(xiàn)在的 狀態(tài)、特

5、征或真 理 (3)在時間、條 件狀語從句中, 常用一般現(xiàn)在時 代替將來時 (1)主語+動詞原形 (2)主語(第三人稱 單數(shù))+動詞(第三 人稱單數(shù)) (3)主語+am/is/ are+其他 often, usually, sometimes, every day ( week/month /year),once a week等 He goes to school every day. 他每天都去上學(xué)。 The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。 If she is free, she will come to see me tomorrow. 如果她明天有

6、空就會來看我。考點二常見6種時態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法時態(tài)用法構(gòu)成常見標(biāo)志詞語例句一 (1)表示經(jīng)常性、 (1)主時態(tài)用法構(gòu)成常見標(biāo)志詞語例句一般過去時 (1)表示過去某 時發(fā)生的事 (2)表示過去存 在的狀態(tài)或過去 反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作 (1)主語+動詞過去 式 (2)主語+was/ were+其他 yesterday, last year (week/night /month), three years ago, in 2015, just now等 He worked in a factory in 2015. 他2015年在一家工廠工作。時態(tài)用法構(gòu)成常見標(biāo)志詞語例句一 (1)表示過去某 (1)主語時態(tài)

7、用法構(gòu)成常見標(biāo)志詞語例句一般將來時 (1)表示將來 的動作或狀態(tài) (2)表示即將 發(fā)生的或最近 打算做的事 (3)表示按計 劃即將發(fā)生的 動作 (1)主語+will/shall+動詞原形 (2)主語+be going to+動詞 原形 (3)go, come, start, move, leave等可用進(jìn)行時態(tài)表將來 注意there be句型的一般將 來時結(jié)構(gòu)為There will be/ There is/are going to be tomorrow, next week (year/month), in+時間段, in 2025等 We will have a party tomorr

8、ow. 明天我們將有個聚會。 Im leaving for Beijing. 我將要動身去北京。 There will be a meeting tomorrow. 明天將有一個會議。時態(tài)用法構(gòu)成常見標(biāo)志詞語例句一 (1)表示將來 (1)主語+時態(tài)用法構(gòu)成常見標(biāo)志詞語例句現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 表示說話時刻或 現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行 的動作 主語+am/is/are +現(xiàn)在分詞now, look, listen, these days, at the moment等 Look! They are playing football. 看!他們正在踢足球。 Im doing my homework now. 現(xiàn)在我正

9、在做我的家庭作業(yè)。時態(tài)用法構(gòu)成常見標(biāo)志詞語例句現(xiàn) 表示說話時刻或 主語+a時態(tài)用法構(gòu)成常見標(biāo)志詞語例句過去進(jìn)行時 表示過去某一時 刻、某一階段正 在進(jìn)行的動作 主語+was/were+ 現(xiàn)在分詞 at that moment, at this time yesterday, atoclock yesterday evening等 I was watching TV at 8:00 yesterday evening. 昨天晚上八點我正在看電視。 He was reading a novel when I came in. 當(dāng)我進(jìn)來的時候,他正在看小說。時態(tài)用法構(gòu)成常見標(biāo)志詞語例句過 表示過去某

10、一時 主語+was時態(tài)用法構(gòu)成常見標(biāo)志詞語例句現(xiàn)在完成時 (1) 表示動作 在說話之前已 完成,對現(xiàn)在有 影響 (2)表示動作開 始于過去,持續(xù) 到現(xiàn)在并可能 繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去 主語+have/ has+過去分詞 just, ever, yet, already, so far, in the past 5 years, for和since引 導(dǎo)的時間狀語 He has been to Beijing. 他去過北京。 He has studied English for 5 years. 他學(xué)習(xí)英語已經(jīng)五年了。 I have already finished my homework. 我已經(jīng)完成了

11、我的作業(yè)。 They have been married for 30 years.他們已經(jīng)結(jié)婚三十年了。時態(tài)用法構(gòu)成常見標(biāo)志詞語例句現(xiàn) (1) 表示動作 主語+ha時態(tài)用法構(gòu)成常見標(biāo)志例句過去將來時 表示從過去的某 一時刻來看將要 發(fā)生的動作。常 用于主句是一般 過去時的賓語從 句中 (1)would+動 詞原形 (2)was/were +going to+ 動詞原形 判斷過去將來時一 定要有一個用于表 示“過去”的參照 物。這個參照物往 往不是時間,而是一 個發(fā)生在過去的動 作。 His uncle said that there would be a good harvest the n

12、ext year. 他叔叔說第二年會有個 好收成。拓展 過去將來時,過去完成時了解時態(tài)用法構(gòu)成常見標(biāo)志例句過 表示從過去的某 (1)would時態(tài)用法構(gòu)成常見標(biāo)志詞語例句過去完成時 表示過去的某一 時刻以前已經(jīng)發(fā) 生的動作或存在 的狀態(tài),也就是“過去的過去” had+過去分詞 by, before短語 或when, before, after, until等引 導(dǎo)的從句作為時 間狀語 My teacher said she had never been to London. 我的老師說她從來沒去過倫敦。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run

13、away. 當(dāng)警察 到達(dá)時,小偷已經(jīng)逃跑了。時態(tài)用法構(gòu)成常見標(biāo)志詞語例句過 表示過去的某一 had+過去注意 短暫性動詞與時間段連用或用于how long提問的問句中時,要轉(zhuǎn)換成對應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞,常見的短暫性動詞及其轉(zhuǎn)換如下：arrivebe here begin/startbe ondiebe dead leavebe awaygo outbe out finish/endbe overget upbe up put onwear/be onopenbe openjoinbe in/be a member ofclosebe closed borrowkeep buy/gethave cat

14、ch (a cold)have (a cold)marrybe married fall ill/sick/asleepbe ill/sick/asleep注意 短暫性動詞與時間段連用或用于how long提問的|動詞的語態(tài)|考點一被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“be+及物動詞的過去分詞”。與主動語態(tài)一樣,被動語態(tài)也有各種時態(tài)變化,列表如下(以動詞do為例)：時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時do/does am/is/are+done一般過去時didwas/were+done一般將來時will/be(am/is/are)going to+dowill/be(am/is/are)going t

15、o+be+done現(xiàn)在完成時have/has donehave/has been+done含情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+do情態(tài)動詞+be+done|動詞的語態(tài)|考點一被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般注意 (1)帶雙賓語的主動語態(tài)改為用其直接賓語(物)作主語的被動語態(tài)時,間接賓語(人)前必須加介詞to或for。My father bought me a computer.A computer was bought for me by my father. 我父親給我買了一臺電腦。(2)有些感官動詞和使役動詞(hear, see, watch, notice, make, have等)在主動語態(tài)中作

16、謂語時,其賓語補足語后的動詞不定式省略to,但變成被動語態(tài)時,必須將to還原。The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day. The workers were made to work 12 hours a day by the boss.老板讓工人們一天工作12個小時。注意 (1)帶雙賓語的主動語態(tài)改為用其直接賓語(物)作(3)主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法【巧學(xué)妙記】 感官動詞和使役動詞：一感(feel);二聽(hear, listen to);三讓(let, make, have);四看(see, watch, look at, notice)(3

17、)主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法【巧學(xué)妙記】 考點二被動語態(tài)的用法1. 不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。Rice is grown in the south of China. 中國南方種水稻。2. 需要強調(diào)或突出動作的承受者,而不是強調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者。Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 世界上越來越多的人講漢語。3. 動作的發(fā)出者是某個事物。Many houses were washed away in the flood. 在洪水中許多房子被沖走了。4. 固定句型中常用的被動語態(tài)。如：Its said that(據(jù)說

18、), Its reported that(據(jù)報道), Its well-known that(眾所周知)等?？键c二被動語態(tài)的用法1. 不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者考點三主動形式表被動意義1. look, smell, feel, taste等系動詞用主動形式表被動意義。The cloth feels soft. 這布摸起來很軟。The cake tastes delicious. 這蛋糕嘗起來很美味。2. need/require/want+doing sth. 意為“需要”。The door needs repairing. 這門需要修理。The window wants cleanin

19、g. 這窗戶需要清潔?？键c三主動形式表被動意義1. look, smell, f3. 某物+write/open/sell/wash/clean/cut/open+其他。該結(jié)構(gòu)為主動形式,可表被動意義。These books sell well. 這些書賣得很好。The shop opens every day. 這家店每天都營業(yè)。4. 不及物動詞和動詞短語,如：happen, take place, come out, come true, run out 等。A traffic accident happened last night.昨晚發(fā)生了一起交通事故。If you work har

20、d, your dream will come true.如果你努力工作,你的夢想就會實現(xiàn)。3. 某物+write/open/sell/wash/cle考點過關(guān)訓(xùn)練. 單項選擇1.2019江西Ive never seen Mr Taylor before.Dont worry. I him to you before the meeting.A.will introduceB.introducedC.have introducedD.had introduced2.2019成都改編Be quiet! The students an English exam. A.takeB.are takin

21、gC.will takeD.took AB考點過關(guān)訓(xùn)練. 單項選擇AB3.Last March, many trees along the streets to make our city more beautiful.A. were plantedB. were plantingC. had plantedD. planted4.The book Alice in Wonderland is very interesting. Iit twice already.A. readB. have readC. am readingD. will readAB考點過關(guān)訓(xùn)練3.Last March,

22、 many trees a5.Nowadays, because of Readers(朗讀者) by CCTV, many book fans reading in public places.A. will seeB. were seenC. are seenD. have seen6. The debate on whether to keep pets forty minutes yesterday afternoon.A. lastB. lastedC. will lastD. has lastedCB考點過關(guān)訓(xùn)練5.Nowadays, because of Readers7. It

23、s said that drinking coffee cancer. Do I have to give it up?Relax! Not everything on WeChat is true. In fact, a coffee a day keeps the doctor away.A. causesB. has causedC. causedD. had causedA考點過關(guān)訓(xùn)練7. Its said that drinking co8. Linda, I called you this morning, but nobody answered the phone.Im sorr

24、y. I football with my friends then.A. playB. playedC. am playingD. was playing9.2019連云港Its reported the medals for the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo from 100% recycled material.A.are makingB.have madeC.is madeD.will be madeDD考點過關(guān)訓(xùn)練8. Linda, I called you this m10. Clark, your room is really in a mess.

25、It needs.Sorry, Mum. Ill do it at once.A. cleanB. cleanedC. to cleanD. to be cleaned11.Mr Smiths talk on good manners is quite wonderful. The only pity is that I the first few minutes.A.missB.will missC.was missingD.missedD考點過關(guān)訓(xùn)練D10. Clark, your room is reall12.Mom, my classmates are playing outside

26、. Can I join them?Not until your homework .A.finishesB.is finishedC.will be finishedD.will finish13.My deskmate was once a top student but she behind since she began to play online games. A.has fallenB.fellC.has feltD.has beenB考點過關(guān)訓(xùn)練D12.Mom, my classmates are pla14.How do you get on with the English novel?Ive no idea. I only half of it, and Ill try to finish it at the weekend. A.readB.am readingC.have readD.will read15.To make the city beautiful, a lot of flowers and trees every spring.A.plantB.are plantedC.plantedD.were plantedC考點過關(guān)訓(xùn)練B14.How do you get on with the.根據(jù)句意用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.After m