初中英語時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)

1、效佳教育楊凱勛英語中時(shí)態(tài)總合有16中，但就初中階段而言,需要掌握好此中的8中就可以了.他們可分為三類：1。一般的:一般此刻時(shí)，一般過去時(shí),一般未來時(shí)。2。此刻的：此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)，此刻完成時(shí).3.過去的：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)，過去未來時(shí)。那么我們下邊就這三類來做一下詳實(shí)的講解和分析.1?？捶ǎ罕硎境３Ｐ缘氖虑?常常性的動(dòng)作或一般性事實(shí).2?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu):主語+動(dòng)詞原形/be動(dòng)詞（is，are,am)+其余成分。（如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞要改為第三人稱單數(shù)形式)2.1（1）否定形式:is，are,am加not；若句子的謂語動(dòng)詞為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,則在其前加dont，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesnt，

2、同時(shí)還原實(shí)義動(dòng)詞.（2）一般疑問句：若句子的謂語是be動(dòng)詞，那么要把be動(dòng)詞放于句首；若句子的動(dòng)詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，就借助助動(dòng)詞do發(fā)問,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用does，同時(shí),還原實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。2。2謂語動(dòng)詞的“三單規(guī)則變化”直接在動(dòng)詞原形后加s.ask-askswork-worksget-getsstay-stays以字母s，x,ch，sh或o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,在詞尾直接加es。watch-watcheswish-wishesfix-fixesdo-doesgo-goespass-passes3)以“輔音字母加-y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，要先變y為i再加-es。try-triesstudy-studiescry-

3、criesfly-flies3.用法表示此刻常常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。Mysisterwearsglasses.我妹妹戴眼鏡。Heoftengoestothecinema.他常常去看電影?！咀ⅰ孔稍兡橙说牧?xí)慣時(shí),有時(shí)還可用ever。如:“Doyouevereatmeat？“No，Inevereatmeat。“你吃肉嗎？”“從不吃肉.表示此刻（或常常性)的狀況或狀態(tài)。Motherisill.母親病了。Heisalwayslikethat.他總是那樣.c)表示此刻的能力、特色、職業(yè)等。如:Hesingswell。他唱歌唱得好.Mr。SmithteachesFrench。史密斯先生教法語。d)表示客觀真

4、諦、科學(xué)事實(shí)、格言以及不受時(shí)間限制的客觀存在.Summerfollowsspring。春去夏來。1Knowledgeispower。知識(shí)就是力量。Theearthturnsaroundthesun。地球繞著太4.標(biāo)記詞：以往與一般此刻時(shí)連用的詞有：always，usually，often，sometimes，everyweek(day，year，month）,onSundays,everyday，inthemorning,onceaweek，threetimesaweek等練習(xí)題1。_Aliceoftenplaythepiano？。No，11.Whatdoyouusuallydoonyourh

5、oliday？she_。A。sawelephantsB。singanddanceC。A。Do;doB.Does;doesC.Does；tookpicturedoesnt12。I_astudent.Igotoschool_bus2._yourpenfriend_inBeijing?everyday。A。Do；liveB。Do；livesC.Does；A.is;byB。am;onC.am；bylive13。I_abrother。She_asister.3。TomandMike_veryexcited,theywillA。have；hasB.has;hasC.have；takeatrip。haveA

6、。isB.areC。am14。You_astudent.He_a4。Ilike_verymuch.Whataboutyou？teacher。A.danceB。dancedC。dancingA。is；isB。are；isC。are;are5。Icantfindmypen。Letme_。15.Healways_footballgames。A。goandaskherB.goandaskhersA。watchesB.watchC。doesntC。goandaskshe16。Mybestfriend_shells。6.Fangfangisagoodstudent。She_math。A。collectsB

7、。collectC.oftenA.doesgoodatB。welldoitC。isgoodat7。Thekite_abird。A.looklikeB。islookingC.lookslike8。BillandI_goodfriends。A.isB.areC.am9.Sandyoften_hishomeworkonSundays。17。Shedoesnt_listeningtothemusic.A。oftenB。likeC。likes18。MymotherandI_alwayswatchromanticfilms.A。doesntB.dontC。do19。-When_hegethomeonFri

8、day?HegetshomeatfouronFriday。A.doB。doesC。didA.doB。doesC.did10。Whatdoyouusuallydoontheweekend？I20。Summer_spring。_.A.comesafterB。comesinC。A。wentswimmingB。goswimmingC。comesbeforevisitedgrandparents1。看法：過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、常常性的動(dòng)作、行為。22?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu):主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式/be（was/were)+其余成分2。1(1)否定形式:若是be動(dòng)詞其形式為:was/were+not

9、,若是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的過去式，就在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前加didnt，同時(shí)還原實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。（2）一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do的過去式did提問，同時(shí)還原實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。2。2動(dòng)詞原形變過去式的規(guī)則變化直接加edworkworkedlooklookedplay-played,以e結(jié)尾的單詞，直接加d:live-livedhopehopeduseused,以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，變y為i加edstudy-studiedcarrycarriedworry-worried，以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的,直接加edenjoy-enjoyedplayplayed以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的，雙寫最后的輔音字母+edstopsto

10、ppedplan-planned用法1）表示過去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Igotupatsixthismorning。今日早晨我六點(diǎn)起的床。Wevisitedthefactorylastweek.上周我們觀光了那個(gè)工廠。2）表示過去的習(xí)慣或常常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。WhenIwasinthecountryside，Ioftenswamintheriver。當(dāng)我在鄉(xiāng)間時(shí),我常常在河里游泳.4。標(biāo)記詞ago,yesterday，thedaybeforeyesterday，lastweek,last（year,night,month），in1989，justnow，attheageof5,oneday，

11、longlongago，onceuponatime,etc。一般過去時(shí)練習(xí):寫出以下動(dòng)詞的過去式isam_fly_study_are_drink_play_go_make_does_dance_worry_ask_taste_eat_draw_put_have_stop_read_do_二、句型變換。1。TomlistenedtoCDsyesterday.（變否定句）TomtoCDsyesterday.2。FathersleptalldaylastMonday.（改一般疑問句)FatheralldaylastMonday？3。Iwasverybusylastweek。(改否定句和一般疑問句）I

12、verybusylastweek。youverybusylastweek？4。Shetookthewalletawayfromthetable。（對(duì)劃線部分發(fā)問）Shethewalletawayfrom?5。Lastweekend，shegotupveryearly.（對(duì)劃線部分發(fā)問)sheupveryearly？6。Jimmyreadabookabouthistory。（對(duì)劃線部分發(fā)問)Jimmy？7。Sallywenttothepoolyesterday。（改為一般疑問句）_Sally_tothepoolyesterday?8.Theyhadaparty2daysage。（改為否定句）Th

13、ey_aparty2daysago。9。WedidourhomeworklastFriday.(改為否定句）We_ourhomework。10.Herweekendwasveryinteresting。(劃線發(fā)問）_yourweekend？11。Iplayedsocceronmycomputerlastweekend.（劃線發(fā)問）3What_you_onyourcomputerlastweekend?DidhestudyEnglishwell?(改為一定句)He_Englishwell.13。Itwastimeforlunch。(同義句)Itwastime_lunch。14。Hecantsee

14、anythingontheblackboard.（同義句）Hecan_ontheblackboard.15、Hedidsomecleaningthismorning.(對(duì)劃線部分發(fā)問)hethemorning?16、Myweekendwasverygood。（對(duì)劃線部分發(fā)問）Weekend？17、Wewenttothemountainslastweekend。（對(duì)劃線部分發(fā)問）themountains？18、Hedidhishomeworklastnight。(改為否定句）Hehishomeworklastnight.19、JohnwenttothezoolastSaturday.（對(duì)劃線部分

15、發(fā)問）JohnlastSaturday?20、Tomplayedfootballthisafternoon。（改為否定句）Tomfootballthisafternoon。21、BarryvisitedhisunclelastSunday.（改為一般疑問句）BarryhisunclelastSunday？1.看法：一般未來時(shí)表示未來某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)劃、打算、準(zhǔn)備做的事。常常和表示未來的時(shí)間狀語連用22、Theywenttothebeachaweekago。（對(duì)劃線部分發(fā)問）Didtheyaweekago？三、用所給動(dòng)詞的合適形式填空。1、I（do)myhomeworkyesterdaymo

16、rning2、Mybrother（go)tostudyinAmericalastyear.3、Didyougo（visit）youruncleyesterday?4、We(take）thetraintoShanghaiyesterday。5、I(study）fortodaysmathtestlastnight。6、We（have)funatyourbirthdaypartylastnight.7、He（noteat)breakfastthismorning.8、LastSundayafternoonwe(play)tennisandclean）theroom.9、LastnightI(stud

17、y)geographyforanhour。四、同義句變換1.Itwastimeforbreakfast.Itwastimebreakfast。2。Didtheytakeawalkwiththeirpetdoglastyear？Didtheyawalkwiththeirpetdoglastyear？Doyouthinkeveryoneenjoyshisweekend？Doyouthinkeveryone.4。Herweekendwasverybusy。Sheweekend。5。Icanseenothingbecauseitisverydark.Iseebecauseitisverydark。.,

18、或未來某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)常常的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。也許表示計(jì).2?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu):a。will(第二，三人稱)/shall(第一人稱）+do.b。主語+is/are/amgoingtodoing+其余成分。2。1(1)否定句：在will/shall+not+do,shallnot和willnot的縮寫式分別為shant和wont.在be動(dòng)詞后直接加not.（2）一般疑問句:把be動(dòng)詞也許是will/shall提至句首即可。3用法:(1)一般未來時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀況.好比：Iwill(shall)arrivetomorrow。我明日到。Willyoubefreetonight?你今夜有空嗎？Wewont（sh

19、ant)bebusythisevening。我們今夜不忙.(2）在一般未來時(shí)的句子中,有時(shí)有表示未來時(shí)間的，有時(shí)沒有時(shí)間狀語,這時(shí)要從意思上判斷能否指未來的動(dòng)作或狀況。好比:Willshecome？她（會(huì)）來嗎？(3）在以第一人稱I或we作主語的問句中，一般使用助動(dòng)詞shall，這時(shí)或是征采對(duì)方的建議（a），或4是咨詢一個(gè)狀況（b）：a。Whereshallwemeet？我們?cè)谀膬号鲱^？b。Shallwehaveanyclassestomorrow？明日我們有課嗎?在這種問句中，最近幾年來也有許多人用will,特別是在美國。好比：HowwillIgetthere?我怎么去？（4)begoing

20、to+動(dòng)詞原形a。表示計(jì)劃、打算、準(zhǔn)備做的事。好比:Wearegoingtoputupabuildinghere。我們打算在這里蓋一座樓。Howareyougoingtospendyourholidays?假期你準(zhǔn)備如何過？b.表示馬上發(fā)生或一定要發(fā)生的事。好比：Ithinkitisgoingtosnow。我看要下雪了。（5）用一般此刻時(shí)表示未來的狀況。在主從復(fù)合句中，當(dāng)主句為一般未來不時(shí)，在if，assoonas,until,when等指引的狀語從句頂用一般此刻時(shí)取代一般未來時(shí)。如:Ifitdoesntrainthisafternoon，wellhaveafootballmatch。假如今日

21、下午不下雨，我們將進(jìn)行一場足球競賽。4.標(biāo)記詞tomorrow，thedayaftertomorrow,tomorrowmorning/afternoon/evening，nextyear/week/month/hour,in+段時(shí)間inthefuture，thisafternoon/Sunday/eveningfromnowon，oneday，someday（未來的）某天soon實(shí)戰(zhàn)操練（）1.There_ameetingtomorrowafternoon。A.willbegoingtoB。willgoingtobeC.isgoingtobeD.willgotobe（）2.Charlie_h

22、erenextmonth。A。isntworkingB。doesntworkingC。isntgoingtoworkingD.wontwork（）3.He_verybusythisweek，he_freenextweek.A.willbe;isB.is；isC.willbe；willbeD。is；willbe()4。There_adolphinshowinthezootomorrowevening。A。wasB。isgoingtohaveC。willhaveD。isgoingtobe（）5.you_freetomorrow?No。I_freethedayaftertomorrow。A.Are；

23、goingto;willB.Are；goingtobe；willC。Are；goingto；willbeD。Are;goingtobe；willbe(）6。Mother_meanicepresentonmynextbirthday.A.willsgivesB.willgiveC。givesD。give1?？捶ǎ罕硎粳F(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為.2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be（am/is/are）+doing+其余成分(注:此中be動(dòng)詞表現(xiàn)此刻的時(shí)間.且其沒有任何實(shí)質(zhì)的意義,不過與后邊的此刻分詞一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語。）2.1（1)否定形式：主語+am/is/are+not+doing+其余成分。（

24、2）若變成一般疑問句，就把be動(dòng)詞放于句首即可。2.2動(dòng)詞此刻分詞的變化規(guī)則:51。直接+ing（例：sleep+ingsleeping)2。去掉不發(fā)音的e+ing(例:bite-biting）3。重讀閉音節(jié)且末端只有1個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫輔音字母+ingSit-sitting，planplanningstopstopping4。以ie結(jié)尾變ie為y+ing(例：diedyinglie-lying）3.用法1）表示此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。-whatareyoudoing？你在做什么？-IamreadingEnglish.我正在讀英語。2）表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或連續(xù)的狀態(tài)。Theyarestud

25、yinghardthisterm。他們這學(xué)期學(xué)習(xí)向來很努力.StevenisrunningafterKate.3）go,leave,arrive,start等動(dòng)詞用此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)表未來.ImgoingtoBeijingthisSunday。本周日我打算去北京。4）若此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)與頻度副詞always，often,constantly等連用,以往表示說話人的感情色彩，或贊成或責(zé)備.Heisalwaysthinkingofothers，notofhimself。(表贊成）Tomisalwayslaughingatothers.（表責(zé)備）4。標(biāo)記詞若在句中出現(xiàn)了now,thesedays等或當(dāng)句子中含有l(wèi)

26、isten，look等示意詞時(shí)，就用此刻進(jìn)行時(shí).此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)練習(xí)題實(shí)戰(zhàn)操練1。Whatareyou_doing_（do）now？I_am2。Wehavefourlessons。eating_（eat）bread。3.IwatchTVeveryday。2.Itsnineoclock。Myfather_is4.Sheworksinahospital。working_(work)intheoffice.5.Doyoulikethisbook？3。Look，theboy_isputing_（put)therubbish6。KittyandBothebin。7。Hisfathercanhelpthem。4

27、。_Does_he_cleaning_8。Danny，openthedoor.clean)theclassroom?No,heisnt.He_isplaying_（play）。5。WhereisMak?He_isrunning_（run）onthegrass。Listen,who_issinging_sing）inthemusicroom?Oh，Mary_issinging_(sing)there.將以下句子改成此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)TomcanspeakChinese。填空：Sheis_（walk，walking)now。2。Motheris_(feed,feeding）birds.3。Theyare_

28、(sitting,siting）onthechair。4.Cindyis_(watch，watching）TV。5。Joeis_(jogging，joging）inthegarden。Look,Nickis_(coming，come）.7。Thecatis_（lieing,lying）ontherug。68。Listen，sheis_（singing，sing）.9。Look，thegirlis_（run）。10。Thecatis_(eat）now。11。Look，thebabyis_(smile).12。Mymotherandmyfatherare_(dance）。13。UncleJerry

29、is_（drive）.14。Thefishis_(swim）intheriver。Sheis_（shop)。依據(jù)漢語意思填空：1。你要去哪兒啊?Whereareyou_?2。Nick正在爬登攀架。Nickis_（climb）thejunglegym.3。他們正在讀書。Theyare_books。4。爺爺正在吸煙。Grandpais_.5。我在做作業(yè).Iam_(do）myhomework。我媽媽正在做飯.Mymotheris_。Jerry在喝檸檬果汁。Jerryis_lemonjuice。8。他正在寫信.Heis_aletter.9?？?！Cindy來了。Look，Cindyis_。10.我們?cè)诔?/p>

30、歌.Weare_now.填入be動(dòng)詞的合適形式1。He_drinkingwater。Theeagle_flyinginthesky。Children_playingintheplayground。4。Theyare_workingnow。5.I_goingtothesupermarket。6。I_coming。7.He_walkinginthewoodsnow。9.TheywatchTVintheevening.1。看法：（1）強(qiáng)更換作是從過去連續(xù)到此刻，并有可能連續(xù)連續(xù)下去.2）重申對(duì)此刻的影響或結(jié)果，此用法簡單和一般過去時(shí)混淆。二者的差別是：一般過去時(shí)有動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，即過去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生

31、某一動(dòng)作；此刻完成時(shí)則沒有，即不重申是哪個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，而重申過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)此刻造成的影響和結(jié)果。3)在過去不確立的時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,但是結(jié)果對(duì)此刻有影響。2。此刻完成時(shí)構(gòu)成:主語+助動(dòng)詞have（has）+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其余成分2.1一定句中:主語+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（p。p）(V-ed)+賓語.否定句中:主語+have/has+not+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(p。p）（Ved）+賓語。一般疑問句中：Have/Has+主語+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（p.p）(V-ed）+賓語。特別疑問句中:特別疑問詞或詞組+一般疑問句（have/has+主語+過去分詞（Ved）+其余)2。2動(dòng)詞過去分詞的規(guī)

32、則變化(1)一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加“ed。work-worked-worked,visit-visited-visited（2）、以“e結(jié)”尾的動(dòng)詞，只在詞尾加“d?！眑ive-lived-lived，（3）、以“輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，將”y”變成”i，再加“ed”.study-studiedstudied,cry-cried-cried（4）、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末端只有一個(gè)輔音字母,先雙寫該輔音字母，再加“ed?！眘top-stopped-stopped，dropdropped-dropped73用法1）此刻完成時(shí)用來表示此刻以前已發(fā)生過或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但其結(jié)果卻和此刻有聯(lián)系，也就是說，

33、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響此刻還存在，也就是說，動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，而對(duì)此刻造成的影響和結(jié)果。Ihavespentallofmymoney。(此刻我沒有錢花了。)Janehaslaidthetable。（簡已經(jīng)擺好了桌子）Michaelhasbeenill.（此刻如故很虛弱)Hehasreturnedfromabroad.（此刻已在此地）(2）此刻完成時(shí)可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻的，連續(xù)到此刻的動(dòng)作(用實(shí)義動(dòng)詞表示）或狀態(tài)（be動(dòng)詞表示）常與for(+時(shí)間段），since(+時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過去時(shí)的句子)連用.for+時(shí)段為時(shí)間since+過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（譯為：自從以來）since+時(shí)段+agos

34、ince+從句(過去時(shí)）Itis+時(shí)段+since+從句（過去時(shí)）Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.Ihavelivedheresince1998.注：短暫性動(dòng)詞(buy，die，join，lose）不可以直接與for，since連用.要改為其對(duì)應(yīng)的連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞Come/arrive/reach/getto-beinFallill-beillGoout-beoutComebackbebackFinish-beoverPuton-beon/wearOpenbeopenWorrybeworriedDie-bedeadCatchacold-haveacoldBuy-have1。ha

35、ve取代buyMybrotherhashad（不可以用hasbought）thisbikeforalmostfouryears.2、用keep或have取代borrowIhavekept（不可以用haveborrowed）thebookforquiteafewdays.3、用be代替becomeHowlonghasyoursisterbeenateacher?4、用haveacold取代catchacoldTomhashadacoldsincethedaybeforeyesterday。5、用wear取代putonb）用“be+形容詞”代短暫性性動(dòng)詞1、bemarried代marry2、bei

36、ll代fall（get）ill3、bedead代die4、beasleep代fall（get）asleep5、beawake代wake/wakeup6、begone代lose，die,sell，leave87、beopen代open8、beclosed代close/shut9、bemissing（gone，lost)代losec)用“be+副詞代短暫性動(dòng)詞1“be+on代start，begin2“be+up”代getup3“be+back(to）代returnto，comebackto，gobackto4“behere（there)代”come(arrive，reach,get）here或go

37、(arrive，reach，get）there等等d）用“be+介詞短語”代短暫性動(dòng)詞“bein/at地+點(diǎn)”取代goto/cometo2。用beinthearmy取代jointhearmy3?！癰ein/at+地點(diǎn)”取代moveto四常用瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞變連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表常用瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞變連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表+相應(yīng)的介詞:1.havearrivedat/insw。gotto/e/gone/movedtosw。-havebeeninsw。/at2。havecome/goneback/returnedhavebeenback3。havecome/goneouthavebeenout4.havebecome-havebe

38、en5。haveclosed/openedhavebeenclosed/opened6。havegotuphavebeenup;7。havedied-havebeendead；8。haveleftsw.havebeenawayfromsw。havefallenasleep/gottosleephavebeenasleep；havefinished/ended/completedhavebeenover;havemarriedhavebeenmarried；havestarted/beguntodosth。-havedonesth。；havebegun-havebeenon14。haveborr

39、owed/boughthavekept/had15。havelosthaventhad16.haveputon-haveworn17。havecaught/getacold-havehadacold；18。havegottoknow-haveknown19.have/hasgonetohavebeenin20。havejoined/havetakenpartintheleague/theParty/thearmyhavebeenamemberof/havebeenin/havebeenthePartysmember/theleaguemember/thesoldier五用法注意：1。此刻完成時(shí)

40、不可以單獨(dú)與正確時(shí)間連用，(如表示過去的時(shí)間狀語）如yesterday（morning、afternoon)，last（morning、afternoon)等,除非與for,since連用。2.此刻完成時(shí)常常同表示不確立的過去時(shí)間狀語連用9如already(一定），yet（否定,疑問）,just，before，recently，still，lately,never等：Hehasalreadyobtainedascholarship。Ihaventseenmuchofhimrecently(lately）。Wehaveseenthatfilmbefore.Havetheyfoundthemiss

41、ingchildyet?3。此刻完成時(shí)常常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用,如often，sometimes，ever,never，twice，onseveraloccasion等:HaveyoueverbeentoBeijingIhaveneverheardBunnysayanythingagainsther。4。此刻完成時(shí)還常?？梢酝丝虝r(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語連用，如now,uptothesefewdays/weeks/months/years,thismorning/week/month/year，just,today，uptopresent,sofar等:Peterhaswrittensixp

42、aperssofar。Manhasnowlearnedtoreleaseenergyfromthenucleusoftheatom.5。此刻完成時(shí)還可以夠用來表示過去的一個(gè)時(shí)間到此刻這段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.Wehavehadfourtextsthissemester。6。此刻完成時(shí)的”完成用法”此刻完成時(shí)的”完成用法”指的是動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻并已結(jié)束，但該動(dòng)作對(duì)此刻產(chǎn)生了影響，與此刻狀況擁有因果關(guān)系。好比:Hehasturnedoffthelight.他已把燈關(guān)了。(動(dòng)作結(jié)束于過去，但說明的是此刻的狀況燈此刻不亮了.)此刻完成時(shí)”完成用法的特色是動(dòng)作不連續(xù),所以,該時(shí)態(tài)只好與表示不定的過

43、去時(shí)間狀語（如：already，yet,before，recently等）、頻度時(shí)間狀語(如:never,ever,once等)、包含此刻時(shí)刻在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語（如：thismorning/month/year.。，today等)連用。好比：Haveyoufoundyourpenyet？你已找到你的鋼筆了嗎?7。此刻完成時(shí)的”未完成用法”此刻完成時(shí)的”未完成用法指的是動(dòng)作開始于過去某一時(shí)刻,向來連續(xù)到此刻，或可能還要連續(xù)下去。好比：Hehaslivedheresince1978。自從1978年以來,他向來住在這兒。（動(dòng)作開頭于1978年，向來住到此刻，可能還要連續(xù)住下去。)Ihavebeenint

44、hearmyformorethan5years。我在隊(duì)伍已經(jīng)呆了五年多了。(動(dòng)作開始于5年前，向來延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，有可能還要連續(xù)下去。）此種用法的句中常需一個(gè)表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(由since或for指引)，或表示與此刻時(shí)刻相連的時(shí)間狀語（如：uptonow,sofar)等.好比:Ihaveheardnothingfromhimuptonow。到眼前為止我沒有他的任何信息。注意：(1)此刻完成時(shí)的未完成用法只適用于連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，不行用于停止性動(dòng)詞，即瞬時(shí)完成或連續(xù)時(shí)間很短的動(dòng)詞.如：come,go，arrive，leave,join，become,die等。8。一段時(shí)間+haspassed+since

45、從句9。此刻完成常常和短語”uptonow/tillnow”,so意far思是(從過去某一確立的時(shí)間向來連續(xù)到現(xiàn)10在.）Upto/tillnowhesreadmanystorybooks到現(xiàn)在.他已讀過許多故事書.IvebeentoNewYorkthreetimessofar.到現(xiàn)在我已到紐約去過三次.10hasgone（to),hasbeen（to），hasbeen（in）的差別gone：去了沒回beento：去過beenin:呆了許久10.不可以與when連用六標(biāo)記詞Already，yet，just,since，for+時(shí)間段,次數(shù)如:threetimes等。實(shí)踐操練Exercise：I

46、。Fillintheblankswiththeproperform。1.I_already_(see)thefilm。I_see）itlastweek。_he_(finish）hisworktoday?Notyet.Myfather_just_(come)backfromwork。Heistirednow。4。WheresLiMing？He_（go）totheteachersoffice。I_(work）heresinceI_(move)herein1999.6。SofarI_（make)quiteafewfriendshere。7。Howlong_theWangs_(stay)here？Fo

47、rtwoweeks。8。I_just_（finish）myhomework.9。He_（go）toschoolonfooteveryday.10。_you_(find)yoursciencebookyet?Ifit_（be）finetomorrow，Illgowithyou.。Thestudents_（read)Englishwhentheteachercamein。Look！Themonkey_(climb）thetree。Mymother_(come）toseemenextSunday。15。Ivelostmypen。_you_(see）itanywhere?1。have，seen，saw

48、2.Has，finished3。has,come4。hasgone5。haveworked，moved6.havemade7.have，stayed8。have,finished9。goes10.have，found11。is12。werereading13.isclimbing14.iscoming15。Have，seen1.看法：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。2。構(gòu)成:1。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)由“主語+was/were+此刻分詞構(gòu)成好比:Wewerehavingsupperwhenthephonerang.我們正在吃晚餐時(shí)電話響了。2.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定式由“主語+was

49、/werenot+此刻分詞”構(gòu)成好比:ThistimeyesterdayJackwasnotwatchingTV。Hewasrepairinghisbike。昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候,杰克不是在看電視,而是在維修自行車?3。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的疑問式由“was/were+主語+此刻分詞”構(gòu)成好比：Wereyouplayingbasketballatfouryesterdayafternoon？昨天下午四點(diǎn)你們?cè)诖蚧@球嗎？3。用法111.表示在過去某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或該動(dòng)作與過去的另一動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。Iwashavingsupperat7：00yesterdayevening。昨天夜晚7點(diǎn)我正在吃晚餐。Shewa

50、splayingthepianowhileIwasreadingthenewspaper。她彈鋼琴時(shí)我在看報(bào)。2。表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Weweretalkingaboutyouthewholemorning。我們整個(gè)上午都在說你.3。表示按計(jì)劃、安排過去將要發(fā)生的事。用于come,go，leave，start，arrive等短暫性的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，也可以用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.如：Hetoldmethathewasgoingsoon。他告訴我他很快就要走了。ShesaidshewasleavingforNewYorkthenextmonth她說她下個(gè)月出發(fā)去紐約.4。與alw

51、ays，constantly等詞連用，表示感情色彩。Thegirlwasalwayschanginghermind.這女孩總是改變想法。Inthepasthewasconstantlyaskingmeformoney。過去他總是向我要錢.5。注意在含有when或while指引的時(shí)間狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句中過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的運(yùn)用。when和while的用法差別when是atorduringthetimethat，既指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，也可指一段時(shí)間；while是duringthetimethat，只指一段時(shí)間，所以when指引的時(shí)間狀語從句中的動(dòng)詞可以是短暫性動(dòng)詞，也可以是連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,而while從句中的動(dòng)詞一定

52、是連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。when說明從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作可以是同時(shí)，也可以是先后發(fā)生；while則重申主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作以后或主從句兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。由when指引的時(shí)間狀語從句，主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，從句應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)；假如從句和主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，兩句都用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)候,多用while指引,如：Whentheteachercamein，weweretalking.WhenIwasstudying，heplayed。當(dāng)此句改變主從句的位置時(shí)，則為：Whileweweretalking，theteachercamein。bTheyweresingingwhileweweredancing。實(shí)戰(zhàn)操練

53、1.I_cookedamealwhenyou_me。hearingc.watched,heardd。waswatching，a.cooked，wereringingb。wascooking，heardrangc。wascooking,wereringingd。cooked,4.They_afootballgamefrom7to9lastrangnight。2.Hesaidhe_todrawaplaneonthea。werewatchingb。watchc。blackboardatthattime.watchedd。arewatchinga。triesb。triedc。was5。Whatbook

54、_you_whenI_youattryingd。willtryfouryesterdayafternoon?3.Whileshe_TV，she_asounda.did，read，wasseeingb。did,read,sawc。outsidetheroom。were，reading，sawd.were，reading，wasa.waswatching，washearingb。watched，wasseeing12ItwasFridayevening。MrandMrs。Green_readytoflytoEngland。a.aregettingb.getc.weregettingd。got7。L

55、eiFeng_always_ofotherswhenhe_inthearmy。a。is，thinking，wasb。was,thinking，isc。did，think，isd。was，thinking,wasAgirl_mypenfalloffthetablewhenshe_me.a。saw,passedb。wasseeing，passedc。wasseeing，passedd。wasseeing，waspassing9。We_fortomattenlastSunday.Heoftenkeptus_。a。werewaiting,waitingb。werewaiting，waitc。waite

56、d,waitingd.waited，wait10。He_hisfatheronthefarmthewholeafternoonlastSaturday.a.helpsb。wouldhelpc.washelpingd.ishelping11。Whilemother_somewashing,I_akiteforKate.a。did，madeb.wasdoing，madec。wasdoing,wasmakingd。did,wasmaking“_youangrythen？“they_toomuchnoise。”a.are，weremakingb.were,weremakingc。are,maded。were,madeHe_somecookingatthattime，so_mea.did，heardb.did，didnthearc.wasdoing,heardd。wasdoing,didnthear14。Thistimeyesterdayjack_hisbike.