2020-2021學(xué)年度高考總復(fù)習(xí)英語專題精品測試卷-專題八-語法填空-學(xué)生版(含答案)

1、2020-2021學(xué)年度高考總復(fù)習(xí)英語專題精品測試卷 專題八 語法填空命題趨勢從近三年高考來看，語法填空的考點(diǎn)分布如下：一、有提示詞類：設(shè)置7個小題高頻考點(diǎn)謂語動詞12題：考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)及主謂一致，其中涉及語態(tài)方面的不超過1題，答案最多三個單詞。非謂語動詞13題：考查不定式、動名詞與分詞，每種最多設(shè)1題。派生詞13題：考查方式有動詞派生為名詞、名詞派生為形容詞或動詞、形容詞派生為副詞等。每種最多設(shè)1題。名詞01題：主要考查可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，也可能會考查名詞的所有格。形容詞和副詞類01題：主要考查形容詞和副詞詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換，以及其比較級或最高級。低頻考點(diǎn)代詞：01題。一般給出人稱代詞的主格，要求考生填

2、其賓格、名詞性或形容詞性物主代詞、反身代詞等。二、無提示詞類：設(shè)置3個小題高頻考點(diǎn)介詞01題：重點(diǎn)考查常見介詞的基本用法或固定搭配中的介詞，一般不涉及短語介詞。冠詞01題：重點(diǎn)考查冠詞的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的冠詞，一般不涉及零冠詞。從屬關(guān)聯(lián)詞02題：側(cè)重于定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。此外，名詞性從句、狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞也偶有涉及。低頻考點(diǎn)并列連詞01題：并列句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞也偶有涉及。其他01題：包括助動詞(如強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動詞的do，does，did；構(gòu)成部分倒裝的do，does，did；構(gòu)成一般疑問句的do，does，did)，構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的it或that，連接性副詞(before，ago，however，

3、anyway.)等。 一、如何應(yīng)對提示詞為動詞題【思維流程】 【高考典例】1.（2020全國II卷）This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers (carry) special significance.【答案】carries【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時和主謂一致。why引導(dǎo)表語從句，從句中主語為動名詞短語作主語，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，由整篇文章語境可知，此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時，故填carries。2.（2020全國III卷）The next morning he hired a boat and set out (find) the

4、 well-known painter.【答案】to find【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：第二天早上，他租了一條船，出發(fā)去找這位著名的畫家。結(jié)合句意表示出發(fā)去做某事應(yīng)用短語set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的狀語。故填to find。 二、如何應(yīng)對提示詞為其他詞題【思維流程】 【高考典例】1.（2020全國III卷）One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(畫像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their (fine) work, so th

5、at he could choose the best.【答案】finest【解析】考查形容詞最高級。句意：一天，皇帝想讓人給他畫一幅肖像，于是他把所有偉大的畫家都請來，展示他們最好的作品，以便他挑選最好的。結(jié)合句意，皇帝想要畫家最好的作品，表示“最好的”，此處應(yīng)用形容詞最高級finest。故填finest。2.（2020浙江卷）Later，they learned to work with the (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)t

6、heir fields.【答案】seasons【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：后來，他們學(xué)會了因地制宜，在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r間播種，在干旱地區(qū)，利用每年的洪水來灌溉農(nóng)田。分析句子，提示詞的詞性為可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填seasons。3. （2020山東卷）Historical (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.【答案】accuracy【解析】句意:歷史的準(zhǔn)確性很重要，但娛樂也很重要。此處作主語，位于形容詞historical之后，應(yīng)使用名詞，意為“歷史的準(zhǔn)確性”。故填accuracy。 三、如何應(yīng)對純空格題【思維流程】 【高考典例】1.(2

7、019新課標(biāo)II卷)I dont see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made_(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, _ because I want to.”【答案】but【解析】根據(jù)句意邏輯可知，此處為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，句意：我工作不是因?yàn)槲也坏貌蛔觯且驗(yàn)槲蚁胱?。此處用but與前文not 呼應(yīng)，構(gòu)成“不是而是 ”之意，故填but。2.（2020浙江卷1月）This a

8、ging of the population is driven two factors.【答案】by【解析】考查介詞。句意：人口老齡化是由兩個因素造成的。表示“由；被”應(yīng)用介詞by。故填by。 （一）Like many other students, you may have various people, _1_ (include) family members and friends, giving input on your college decision.While many of your trusted relatives and peers(同齡人) may have ver

9、y _2_(value) advice that can help you to make the decision, finally the choice is yours and yours alone.Only you can fully realize which aspects of a college will make you truly happy and _3_ (satisfy) so keep that at the front of your mind.Moreover, fully consider each option. It can be easy _4_(le

10、t) a particular school become a front-runner early on _5_ your decision-making process, and it may even become the winning choice but be sure to carefully evaluate every school _6_ has accepted you, since you had particular reasons for applying to each school.Do keep _7_ open mind. Students can chan

11、ge majors, but remember that theres no re-living a certain semester(學(xué)期), and theres no making up for lost time. Dont go to a school _8_(specific) for a high school relationship _9_ to make someone else happy. A _10_ (student) college experience is his or her own, and the student must put his or her

12、education first. (二)Smile is a universal language, which _11_ (use) throughout the world. However, the meaning of a smile in different cultures may be different. Depending on different cultures, smiling can express joy and _12_ (amuse), but it can also indicate embarrassment. The following examples

13、show this point of view. In an attempt to be open and _13_ (friend), people in the United States smile a lot. Every one smiles at each other and this nonverbal communication shows being polite in the United States. But in China, smiling is not only _14_ expression of happiness, but also a way to avo

14、id _15_(be) embarrassed. Chinese people like smiling when they are embarrassed in order to avoid embarrassment. Smiling is a kind of good will but not sneer (嘲笑). For example: When a child falls off from a bike, the adults in China may smile, _16_ is a kind of gentle encouragement and may not be a k

15、ind of impolite laugh.The laugh is _17_ (relate) to the smile. Also, different cultures have various _18_ (meaning) about laugh. Americans can enjoy a very heartfelt belly (腹部) laugh that comes _19_ the deepest emotions while most Chinese may think _20_ silly to laugh that way. （三）The earliest exiti

16、ng collection of Chinese poetry, Shi Jing (Book of Songs), _21_(date) back to as early as the 11th century BC, but the history of Chinese poetry may be even longer than that._22_(develop) and changing for thousands of years, Chinese poetry is like a beautiful and fathomless ocean to _23_ Chinese-spe

17、aking people couldnt help but keep being drawn.The very ancient poetry that was written 1000 or more years ago was simpler and about common things _24_ love, romance and nature that people appreciate._25 _much poetry was written in the eras following the Song Dynasty, it is thought the poets became

18、_26_(increase) academic and abstract so that modern Chinese cant appreciate the style and meaning.For foreigners, ancient Chinese poetry is more difficult to understand. One of the reasons is the nature of Chinese characteristics_27_(they).Often the words have many meanings, and this make the transl

19、ation of Chinese into English _28_key part of reading and understanding Chinese poetry. Put simply, good translation is essential to fully understand Chinese poems.If the greatest Chinese poets_29_(name), Du Fu and Li Bai of Tang Dynasty who were _30_(contemporary) and who both traveled widely in Ch

20、ina often come up on top. Along with them, another famous ancient poet is Su Shi of the Song Dynasty.（四）The idea of inviting the public to take part in scientific studies is known as “citizen science”. Anyone _31_ helps scientists do the job is called a “citizen scientist”. What can you get if you b

21、ecome a citizen scientist?A sense of purpose! Citizen science projects can help you make good use of _32_ (you) time.Fun times! You never know what might _33 _ (find).More education! Learn about some _34_ (attract) things while doing scientific jobs.When youre having fun in the park and see a bird,

22、why not take a picture of it? With a simple click, you could be helping scientists! Shanghai Natural History Museum has _35_app called “Find Nature. People can upload sounds, _36_ （photo）and locations of animals if they see them around their city. Scientists can use these data _37_ （study）city anima

23、ls and better protect them.In fact, people just like you can help out with many scientific studies. For example, scientists always spend many years _38_ （discover） every kind of ladybug （瓢蟲）in the world. But if we share our own pictures of ladybugs with scientists, they can find them much _39_（fast）

24、. As one old saying goes, Many hands make light work”.Of course, there is more to study than just animals. There are many other fun projects, such _40_ watching stars and clouds, counting penguins and even listening to laughs. Youll find that science is fun and is for everyone!（五）The Guardian gave u

25、s the bad news that red and processed meat can shorten life. But The Daily Telegraph provided the good news that exchanging one portion(部分)of red meat a day 41 fish or nuts could cut the risk of early death by almost a fifth.Both headlines 42 (put) forward by a major new study into diet and health 4

26、3 (outcome). Researchers looked at changes in diet for more than 50, 000 women and 27, 000 men in the US, over 16 years.They found that those 44 had changed their diet to include more red meat 45 (be) around 10%more likely to die during the study. While reducing red meat alone did not result in lowe

27、r risk of death, eating other food such as fish or nuts did 46 (slight) reduce the risk of death.We still need to be 47 (care) about the findings. This study cannot tell us for sure that red meat or changes in red meat 48 (consume) are the direct cause of changes in length of life. But 49 results su

28、pport existing healthy eating advice 50 (limit) red and processed meat, and to eat plenty of vegetables, fruit and other protein sources such as nuts and legumes(豆類). （六）After declining in the 1970s, panda numbers are gradually on the rise again. The panda was once widespread throughout southeastern

29、 China. However, decreasing habitats, _51_ (nature) disasters such as the earthquakes in Sichuan, and _52_ species unwillingness to breed see the black-and-white bear become an object of protection.Thanks _53_ a growing network of reserves and community protection actions, pandas are no longer _54_

30、(endanger), but the biggest hope for their long-term _55_ (survive) is the Giant Panda National Park which will be open in the coming months. _56_ (cover) around 10,500 square miles, the park will form a wildlife corridor in central Sichuan Province. At the edge of the Tibetan Plateau, Sichuan _57_

31、(attract) a large number of travelers over the years. In fact, its home to more than 80% of the worlds wild pandas.The park is a daring step _58_ is aimed at preserving the countrys unique wonders and encouraging more wildlife tourism. _59_ (actual), supporting rather than transporting local communi

32、ties has been a challenge for the US during the formation of its national parks system, and it remains _60_ (see) if China will be able to strike a sustainable balance. But for the pandas at least, it announces a promising advance for protection in a region. 【答案】1. including 2.valuable 3.satisfied 4

33、.to let 5.in/during6. that 7.an 8.specifically 9.or 10.students【解析】本篇為說明文，主要講的是高中生在決定上哪所大學(xué)時的建議要自己做決定，并考慮清楚每種可能的選擇，以及保持開闊的思想。1.考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。動詞include轉(zhuǎn)換為介詞including，意為“包括”。2.考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處修飾修飾名詞advice，所以將value轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞valuable（寶貴的）。3.考查形容詞。此處與前面的形容詞happy并列作賓語補(bǔ)足語(make sb.+adj.)，所以動詞satisfy轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞satisfied（滿意的）。4.考查非謂

34、語動詞。本句為it is to do結(jié)構(gòu)，其中it作形式主語，動詞不定式為真正的主語。5.考查介詞，表示“在過程中”，用in/cess。注意本句中early on為一個短語，意為“在初期；在開始階段；早先”，這里的on與process沒有關(guān)系。6.考查定語從句。定語從句.has accepted you缺主語，用that作主語，指代先行詞school，因先行詞前有every修飾，一般用that而不用which。7.考查冠詞。句意：一定要保持開放的心態(tài)。因open是元音開頭，用an。8.考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：不要特意為了高中的感情關(guān)系或是為了讓別人開心而去某所大學(xué)。故形容詞specific轉(zhuǎn)換為副

35、詞specifically ，意為“特意；專門地”。9.考查連詞。“for a high school relationship”與“to make someone else happy”為選擇關(guān)系，所以填or（或者）。10.考查名詞所有格。表示“學(xué)生的”，用 students。句意：學(xué)生的大學(xué)經(jīng)歷是他或她自己的，必須把教育放在首位。【答案】11. is used 12. amusement 13. friendly 14. an 15. being 16. which 17. related 18. meanings 19. from 20. it/its【解析】11.考查被動語態(tài)。句意：微

36、笑是世界語言，在全世界被廣泛使用。但是，在不同的文化中，微笑的意思是不同的。12.考查名詞。該空在句中和joy并列，做express的賓語，故要用名詞。13.考查形容詞。friendly是形容詞，和open并列，做be的表語。14.考查冠詞。句意：微笑不僅僅是快樂的表示，而且是避免尷尬的方式。expression意為“表達(dá)，表示，表現(xiàn)”，是可數(shù)名詞。結(jié)合句意，該處應(yīng)用不定冠詞。且expression的發(fā)音開頭是元音音素，故該空應(yīng)填不定冠詞an。15.考查非謂語動詞。avoid意為“避免”，后面接名詞或動名詞做賓語。16.考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“_is a kind of gentle

37、 encouragement and may not be a kind of impolite laugh”是非限制性定語從句，修飾前面整個句子，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中做主語，故要用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)該從句。17.考查介詞。be related to意為“和有關(guān)”，是固定搭配。18.考查名詞。meaning意為“意思”，是可數(shù)名詞，該空前有different修飾，故要填復(fù)數(shù)形式。19.考查介詞。come from 來自于。20.考查代詞。it在句中做形式賓語，指代“to laugh that way”。另外，“_silly to laugh that way”還可看作think的賓語從句，在該從

38、句中，it是形式主語，代指“to laugh that way”，is是系動詞?！敬鸢浮?1. dates 22. Developing 23. which 24. like 25. Though/Although/While26. increasingly 27. themselves 28. a 29. are named 30. contemporaries/contemporary【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國的古代詩歌以及著名的詩人。21.考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：中國最早的詩歌集詩經(jīng)可以追溯到公元前11世紀(jì)，但是中國詩歌的歷史可能更長。根據(jù)句意，句子用一般現(xiàn)在時。分析句子可知

39、，此處填謂語動詞，主語Shi Jing為第三人稱單數(shù)，主謂一致，故填dates。22.考查非謂語現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：中國詩歌千百年來的發(fā)展變化，猶如一片美麗深邃的海洋，不斷吸引著說漢語的人們。and連接兩個并列的成分，根據(jù)changing可知，此處應(yīng)用develop的現(xiàn)在分詞developing，作狀語，（動詞develop和主語Chinese poetry是主動關(guān)系，）注意首字母大寫，故填Developing。23.考查定語從句。句意：中國詩歌千百年來的發(fā)展變化，猶如一片美麗深邃的海洋，不斷吸引著說漢語的人們。分析句子可知，空格處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為a beautiful and fathom

40、less ocean， be drawn to意為“被吸引”，介詞to+關(guān)系代詞 which引導(dǎo)從句，which指代 先行詞，做to的賓語。故填which。24.考查介詞。句意：寫于1000多年前的非常古老的詩歌比較簡單，是關(guān)于人們欣賞的愛情、浪漫和自然之類的普通事物。分析句子可知，此處列舉哪些是詩歌經(jīng)常寫作的內(nèi)容，介詞like意為“像；比如”，符合句意。故填like。25.考查從屬連詞。句意：雖然宋代以后的詩歌創(chuàng)作很多，但由于詩人的學(xué)術(shù)性和抽象性越來越強(qiáng)，使得現(xiàn)代漢語不能欣賞詩歌的風(fēng)格和意義。后文“it is thought the poets became _(increase) acad

41、emic and abstract so that modern Chinese cant appreciate the style and meaning.”和前文“much poetry was written in the eras following the Song Dynasty”語義轉(zhuǎn)折，所以應(yīng)用從屬連詞though或although或while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，注意首字母大寫，故填Though/Although/While。26.考查副詞。句意：雖然宋代以后的詩歌創(chuàng)作很多，但由于詩人的學(xué)術(shù)性和抽象性越來越強(qiáng)，使得現(xiàn)代漢語不能欣賞詩歌的風(fēng)格和意義。修飾形容詞應(yīng)用副詞，increa

42、se是動詞，increasing是形容詞，副詞為 increasingly。故填increasingly。27.考查反身代詞。句意：原因之一是中國特色的本質(zhì)。分析句子可知，此處應(yīng)用反身代詞，作Chinese characteristics的同位語，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。故填themselves。28.考查冠詞。句意：這些詞通常有很多含義，這使得漢英翻譯成為閱讀和理解中國詩歌的一個關(guān)鍵部分?？崭窈蟮拿~part是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，所以應(yīng)用不定冠詞限定，泛指“一個關(guān)鍵部分”，因所連接的形容詞key為輔音音素開頭，故填a。29.考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：如果說中國最偉大的詩人是誰，唐代的杜甫和李白，他們同時代，在中國游

43、歷甚廣，往往名列前茅。根據(jù)句意可判斷為被動語態(tài)，謂語動詞name“說出的名字；列舉”與主語 poets之間為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動詞的過去分詞。根據(jù)句意，本句這一部分應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時，故填are named。30.考查名詞和形容詞。句意：如果說中國最偉大的詩人是誰，唐代的杜甫和李白，他們同時代，在中國游歷甚廣，往往名列前茅。分析句子可知，此處contemporary可作為名詞使用，意為“同時代的人”，根據(jù)were可判斷為復(fù)數(shù)，作表語；contemporary也可作為形容詞使用，作表語。故填contemporaries/contemporary?！敬鸢浮?1. who/that 3

44、2. your 33. be found 34. attractive 35. an36. photos 37. to study 38. discovering 39. faster 40. as【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了什么是“公民科學(xué)”及其意義。31.考查定語從句。句意：任何幫助科學(xué)家做這項(xiàng)工作的人都被稱為“公民科學(xué)家”。Anyone _ helps scientists do the job是定語從句，先行詞是Anyone，指人，在從句中作主語，用關(guān)系代詞who/that。故填who/that。32.考查代詞。句意：公民科學(xué)項(xiàng)目可以幫助你充分利用你的時間。此處用形容詞性物主代詞

45、your作定語修飾名詞time。故填your。33.考查語態(tài)。句意：你永遠(yuǎn)不知道會發(fā)現(xiàn)什么。賓語從句主語what和從句謂語動詞find是被動關(guān)系，結(jié)合情態(tài)動詞might可知，用情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)（might be done），用be done形式。故填be found。34.考查形容詞。句意：在做科學(xué)工作的同時學(xué)習(xí)一些有吸引力的東西。此處用形容詞attractive（有吸引力的）作定語修飾名詞things。故填attractive。35.考查冠詞。句意：上海自然歷史博物館有一個名為“尋找自然”的應(yīng)用程序。此處泛指“一個名為“尋找自然”的應(yīng)用程序”，app以元音音素開頭，用不定冠詞an表泛指。故

46、填an。36.考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：人們可以上傳聲音，照片和動物的位置，如果他們看到他們周圍的城市的話。and前后的名詞sounds和locations都是名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式表泛指，可數(shù)名詞photo也用復(fù)數(shù)形式表泛指。故填photos。37.考查動詞不定式。句意：科學(xué)家可以利用這些數(shù)據(jù)來研究城市動物，更好地保護(hù)它們。由句意可知，此處用動詞不定式（to do）做目的狀語，use sth. to do sth.（用某物做某事）。故填to study。38.考查動名詞。句意：例如，科學(xué)家們總是花很多年的時間發(fā)現(xiàn)世界上每一種瓢蟲。固定搭配spend(in) doing sth.（花做某事），用動名詞（doi

47、ng）形式。故填discovering。39.考查比較級。句意：但是如果我們和科學(xué)家分享我們自己的瓢蟲圖片，他們可以更快地找到它們。結(jié)合句意和“much +比較級”可知，此處用副詞比較級faster（更快地）作狀語修飾動詞find。故填faster。40.考查固定搭配。句意：還有很多其他有趣的項(xiàng)目，比如看星星和云，數(shù)企鵝，甚至聽笑聲。固定搭配such as（例如）。故填as。【答案】41.for42.were put43.outcomes44.who/that45.were46.slightly47.careful48.consumption49.the50.to limit【解析】41.考查介詞。exchange.for.是固定搭配，意為“.更換。42.考查語態(tài)。根據(jù)空后的by a major new study可知.此處應(yīng)該用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。43.考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。outcome 是可數(shù)名詞，再根據(jù)前面的diet and health可知，這里是指兩方面的結(jié)果，所以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。44.考查定語從句。本句為定語從句，先行詞those指代人，且在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語。45.考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。通過劃分句子結(jié)構(gòu)