非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)精講精練（含答案） 講義-2023屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

1、膽置黑詞考，牖講含蜜g)講義非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是高考語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)必考熱點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法工程之一。現(xiàn)結(jié)合典型考題對(duì)非 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行梳理和總結(jié)，幫助大家明確考點(diǎn)，找出解題規(guī)律和方法。一、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)能作主語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有不定式和動(dòng)名詞。兩者的區(qū)別是：表示某一具體的動(dòng)作時(shí)、 多用不定式；表示比擬抽象的一般的行為傾向時(shí)，多用動(dòng)名詞。當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞或不定式短語(yǔ)較 長(zhǎng)時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)放在句首而把動(dòng)名詞或不定式短語(yǔ)放于句末。(典例】(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mista

2、kes you make.解析：Ignoring。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是will be,因此前面局部是主語(yǔ)， 應(yīng)該使用動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。二、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)。有些動(dòng)詞后只跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，如want, wish, hope, manage, demand, promise, refuse, pretend, plan, offer, decide, agree, expect等。有些動(dòng)詞后只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，如admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, ex

3、cuse, finish, forgive, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practice, resist, risk, suggest, deny, stand 等。有些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后 既可以跟不定式，又可以跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，如forget, remember, regret, mean, try, go on等，但意義上有區(qū)別。典例 1 I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.解析：wear改為wearing”介詞by后應(yīng)接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。典例 2After receiving the Osca

4、r for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on (thank) all the people who had helped in her career.解析：to thank。go on后接to do或doing作賓語(yǔ)均可，但是go on doing sth.表示“繼 續(xù)不停地做某事或間斷后繼續(xù)做原來(lái)沒(méi)有做完的事”；而go on to do sth.表示“接著做另一 件事”，即接下去做與原來(lái)不同的一件事。山語(yǔ)境可知，Anne Benedict在拿獎(jiǎng)后又繼續(xù)做 另一件事，即“感謝所有幫助過(guò)她的人，故用go on to do sth.。Ab

5、sorbedo此處在句中作狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)短語(yǔ)be absorbed in （全神貫注于）可知,需填過(guò)去分詞形式。being recognizedo介詞w讓hout后應(yīng)該使用動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)名詞形式。根據(jù)句意“不被人 認(rèn)出”可知，本空應(yīng)該用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式。to find。only典不定式連用表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。speakingo “When it comes to.”是固定句式，意思是“當(dāng)談到其中的to是介詞，后跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)應(yīng)使用動(dòng)名詞形式。Having spentcspend與其邏輯主語(yǔ)“Linda”之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。 且spend的動(dòng)作明顯早于“看起來(lái)成熟”這個(gè)動(dòng)作。表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之

6、前的動(dòng)作，用現(xiàn) 在分詞的完成時(shí)。going。feel like后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),故填going。accompaniedo考查“連詞十分詞”的省略用法。when引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中省略的主語(yǔ) 為children,其與accompany （陪伴）之間含有被動(dòng)意義，故本空填過(guò)去分詞形式。Understanding =分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是is, is前面的局部作主語(yǔ)， 故應(yīng)使用動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。carriedo分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，前半句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，后半句為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，them 指代plans, carry out與plans之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故填carry的過(guò)去分詞形式。Being exp

7、osedo分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是is, whether for an adult or for a teenage”是插入語(yǔ)，插入語(yǔ)的前面局部是主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)使用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，再根據(jù)短語(yǔ) be exposed to （接觸）可知，應(yīng)填 Being exposed。Having waitedo wait與其邏輯主語(yǔ)the old man構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以使用現(xiàn)在分詞 在句中作狀語(yǔ)。而且這是一個(gè)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所以使用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。shiningo考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。邏輯主語(yǔ)her face與shine之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填現(xiàn) 在分詞形式。Tastingo taste“品嘗”，是連系動(dòng)詞，無(wú)

8、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，此處用現(xiàn)在分詞tasting作原因 狀語(yǔ)。solvedo根據(jù)句意可知，老師看起來(lái)很輕松愉快，應(yīng)該是問(wèn)題已經(jīng)被解決了。表示被動(dòng)完成，應(yīng)使用過(guò)去分詞。caughto此處應(yīng)使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)。根據(jù)people和catch之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系可 知，應(yīng)填過(guò)去分詞。to carryo 根據(jù)短語(yǔ) permit sb. to do sth.可知，此處應(yīng)填 to carryoto have missedo be unlucky to do sth.是固定短語(yǔ)，“錯(cuò)過(guò)火車(chē)”這一動(dòng)作明顯發(fā)生 在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，所以用動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式。being builto The Silk Road Economic B

9、elt”與后面的動(dòng)詞 build 構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng) 關(guān)系，且這一動(dòng)作目前正在進(jìn)行，故用being done形式作后置定語(yǔ)。endangeringo根據(jù)句意可知，前面的原因?qū)е铝撕竺娴慕Y(jié)果，故使用現(xiàn)在分詞作 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。to provide。everything后面跟了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句they can (do)；根據(jù)句意可知, 定語(yǔ)從句后面接了一個(gè)目的狀語(yǔ)，也就是“do. tod。，故填t。provide。studyingo he和study之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞studying表伴隨。rolling。動(dòng)詞roll與邏輯主語(yǔ)tears之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。Attractedo句子的

10、主語(yǔ)the little boy與attract構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分 詞。repairedo bicycle和repair之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填過(guò)去分詞。to contacto decide to do sth決定做某事，decide后面接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。(二)語(yǔ)篇填空【文章大意】用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)日記是一種提高我們英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作能力的有效方法。可以幫助我們 養(yǎng)成用英語(yǔ)思考的習(xí)慣，在用英語(yǔ)記日記的過(guò)程中，我們肯定會(huì)遇到許多困難，文中告訴 我們應(yīng)該怎樣去做。Keepingo考查動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出此處缺少主語(yǔ)。Comparedo考查分詞作狀語(yǔ)。compare與其邏輯主語(yǔ)it之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故

11、填過(guò)去 分詞。(to) developo考查不定式作賓補(bǔ)。在help sb (to) do sth結(jié)構(gòu)中to可省略。IL考查狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處填連詞，結(jié)合句意可知填I(lǐng)f。difficultieso考查名詞的數(shù)。由空前面的many可知答案為名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。findingo 考查固定短語(yǔ) have trouble (in) doing sth.的用法。to puto考查不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，it為形式主語(yǔ)。am concerned,考查固定短語(yǔ)。as far as sb be concerned意思是“就某人而言”。of?？疾榻樵~的用法?！皁f+n.”相當(dāng)于名詞對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞。the

12、?？疾楣谠~的用法。在名詞前的空格處通常填限定詞，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知填the?！镜淅?3】I cant stand(work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses (stop) talking while she works.解析：working； to stop。cant stand后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，意思是“不能忍受做某事”； refuse后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，意思是“拒絕做某事”。三、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)和主補(bǔ)能作賓補(bǔ)和主補(bǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞。用哪種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形 式往往取決于句中動(dòng)詞所使用的句型和不同的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的時(shí)

13、態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)意義。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，不定式的一般式表示將來(lái)意義，不定式的完成式表示過(guò)去意義；現(xiàn)在分詞 表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行意義；過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)或完成意義。解題時(shí)可根據(jù)句中非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表 示的時(shí)間意義和與其邏輯主語(yǔ)的主被動(dòng)關(guān)系選擇合適的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。典例 1 Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother (take) good care of at home.解析：taken。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處是“see+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。此處his mother和 take good ca

14、re of之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填表示被動(dòng)意義的過(guò)去分詞。典例 2To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English(speak) as much as we can.解析：spokeno作賓補(bǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞speak與其邏輯主語(yǔ)English之間含有邏輯上的 動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)使用表示被動(dòng)意義的過(guò)去分詞。四、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞都可以作定語(yǔ)，主要區(qū)別在于它們的時(shí)態(tài)意義和語(yǔ)態(tài)意 義不同。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，不定式表示將來(lái)意義，用于表示尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在分詞表示其邏 輯主語(yǔ)主動(dòng)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作，并含有進(jìn)行意義；

15、而過(guò)去分詞表示的是其邏輯主語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)和完成 的動(dòng)作。典例 1 To return to the problem of water pollution, Id like you to look at a study (conduct) in Australia in 2012.解析：conducted。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，括號(hào)中的動(dòng)詞在句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾study,應(yīng) 使用非謂語(yǔ)形式。study與conduct之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填過(guò)去分詞。典例 2 In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message(hide) withi

16、n the work.解析：hiddeno考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)。本句中名詞短語(yǔ)a secret message與動(dòng)詞hide 構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以使用過(guò)去分詞hidden作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句“that is hidden.”?！镜淅?3 The park was full of people(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.解析：enjoyingo此題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)。enjoy的邏輯主語(yǔ)是people,人們玩得 開(kāi)心是主動(dòng)的，因此填表示主動(dòng)意義的現(xiàn)在分詞enjoying作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句“who were enjoying.”?！镜淅?4 Ther

17、e are still many problems (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.解析：tobesoh/ed.根據(jù)句意可知，還有很多問(wèn)題要解決。表示將來(lái)，應(yīng)使用不定式， 再根據(jù)solve與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系可知，應(yīng)使用不定式的被動(dòng)形式，故填to be solved o五、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞都能作狀語(yǔ)飛作什么樣的狀語(yǔ)往往取決于他們的位置和 在句中的意義。不定式短語(yǔ)放在句首多作目的狀語(yǔ)，在句末可作目的或結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。現(xiàn)在分 詞短語(yǔ)放在句首多作原因、條件、時(shí)間、讓步等狀語(yǔ)，在句末多作方式、

18、伴隨狀語(yǔ)，也可 作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)放在句首多表示時(shí)間、條件、原因等，放在句末表示對(duì)前面的 情況起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，同時(shí)與句子主語(yǔ)具有被動(dòng)關(guān)系。典例 1 (make) it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand.解析：To makeo根據(jù)句意可知，前半局部作目的狀語(yǔ)，表目的用動(dòng)詞不定式，故填 To makeo【典例 2 Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, (turn) the old town into a dreamland.解析：turnin

19、g0句中已經(jīng)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞且前后句間沒(méi)有連詞連接，故使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系可知表示主動(dòng)意義，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。典例 3 (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.解析：Orderedo分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處應(yīng)使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。order的 邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)the books,兩者之間含有被動(dòng)意義，故填過(guò)去分詞形式。六、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ)分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，看分詞與主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系。假設(shè)是主謂關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞：假設(shè)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系， 用過(guò)去分詞。另外，要注意一組動(dòng)詞(amuse, bore, disa

20、ppoint, excite, fascinate, freeze, frighten, horrify, inspire, interest, move, surprise, touch 等)的用法。 其同根形容詞有現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞兩種形式?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示主語(yǔ)所具有的特征，意思是 “令人的”；過(guò)去分詞表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)，意思是“(某人)感到的”。典例 1 At dinner, we said to her, “Happy Mothers Day! ” Mom was grateful and moving.解析：moving改為movedo was后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。此處用and連接兩個(gè)形容詞

21、并列 作表語(yǔ)。moving雖然也是形容詞，但是通常用于形容或修飾物，意思是“令人感動(dòng)的”。此 處表示媽媽自己“感動(dòng)”，應(yīng)使用moved。典例 2 While waiting for the opportunity to get(promote) , Henry did his best to perform his duty.解析：promotedo get是連系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“被 提拔”的意思，故填表示被動(dòng)意義的過(guò)去分詞。七、考查“連詞+分詞”的省略用法分詞短語(yǔ)常?？梢杂迷谀承┻B詞如since, when, while, whenever, no matter

22、 how, once, until, if等之后，形成狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略現(xiàn)象。使用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞取決 于其與省略的邏輯主語(yǔ)的主被動(dòng)關(guān)系。主動(dòng)用現(xiàn)在分詞，被動(dòng)用過(guò)去分詞?！镜淅?1 Video games can be a poor influence if(leave) in the wrong hands.解析：lefto考查“連詞十分詞”的省略用法。此題中從句省略了與主句相同的主語(yǔ)Video games,其與動(dòng)詞leave含有邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填過(guò)去分詞。補(bǔ)充完整為“.if they are left.”?！镜淅?2 If (accept) for the job, youll be

23、 informed soon.解析：acceptedo本句中的if I條件狀語(yǔ)從句中省略了主語(yǔ)you,與accept構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān) 系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞accepted。補(bǔ)充完整為“If you are accepted.”。八、考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在形式上與主句沒(méi)有任何關(guān)系，但是在意思上卻與主句密切聯(lián)系在一起, 共同構(gòu)筑成一個(gè)完整的語(yǔ)義環(huán)境。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)只有邏輯上的主語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有真正的主語(yǔ)和謂 語(yǔ)，所以在句法上不是句子，而是一個(gè)獨(dú)立于句子成分之外的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中 選用分詞時(shí)也是看其與前面邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系來(lái)決定的，主動(dòng)用現(xiàn)在分詞，被動(dòng)用過(guò)去分詞。【典例】Much time(spend) s

24、itting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.解析：spent。該題中沒(méi)有連詞，中間是逗號(hào)，后面是一個(gè)完整的句子，因此前面不能 是句子，故使用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。邏輯主語(yǔ)time與動(dòng)詞spend含有邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故使 用表示被動(dòng)意義的過(guò)去分詞spento九、鞏固練習(xí)(一)單句填空The next thing he saw was smoke(rise) from behind the house.The island, (join) to the mainland by a bridge, i

25、s easy to go to.Sarah pretended to be cheerful, (say) nothing about the argument.Ifs important for the figures(update) regularly.(translate) into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.Look over there theres a very long, winding path (lead) up to the house.Recently

26、a survey(compare) prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.Tsinghua University, (found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable(ho

27、ld).Simon made a big bamboo box(keep) the little sick bird till it could fly.The footballer didnt succeed in scoring, though( give) several chances by his teammates.Micro blogs experienced rapid growth in 2010 in China, with the number of micro blog operators, users and visitors( increase) several t

28、imes.Now that we*ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions (take) ?(catch) the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.(raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.(absorb) in painting, John didnt notice eve

29、ning approaching.The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without (recognize).Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only (find) it didnt fit.When it comes to (speak) in public, no one can match him.(spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong

30、Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.Its quite hot today. Do you feel like (go) for a swim?Children, when(accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.(understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and em

31、otions.They came up with a lot of plans at the meeting, none of them(carry) out in their work.(expose) to alcohol, whether for an adult or for a teenager, is definitely harmful from all aspects.(wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the money in the car.She w

32、ould move quietly up to the sparrow on a small tree just to get a better look, her face(shine) with childlike expressions at one of Gods simple wonders.(taste) nice, the food was all eaten up soon.With lots of problems(solve) in the class, our teacher looks very relaxed and happy.In Singapore, peopl

33、e(catch) eating or drinking on the subway can be fined up to 500 Singapore dollars.Passengers are permitted(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.She said she was unlucky(miss) the train, and had to spend another day here.The Silk Road Economic Belt(build) aims to enhance economic coo

34、peration, traffic connectivity, as well as people-to-people and cultural exchanges.Environmentalists observe that there is less fresh water for drinking and irrigation, thus(endanger) agriculture downstream.The parents do everything they can (provide) their daughter with good education, so that she

35、will get a good job in the future.I learned that he was 21 years old, (study) Asian literature and history at Sydney University.The little girl, with tears(roll) down her cheeks, stopped crying suddenly when given an apple.(attract) by the latest electronic toys, the little boy stood in front of the

36、 windows, without moving.When he was ready to leave he found his bicycles front tyro flat. He had to look for a place along the street to get his bicycle (repair).Eventually, I decided(contact) University Student Legal Services for help about this matter.(二)語(yǔ)篇填空(keep) a diary in English is one of th

37、e effective ways to improve our English writing ability.(compare) with other forms of writing, it is shorter and takes less time. It can help us 3_ (develop) the habit of thinking in English. _4_ we persist in this practice, gradually well learn how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diar

38、y in English, we certainly run up against many _5_ (difficult) . In the first place, it often happens that we have trouble 6_ (find) appropriate words and phrases to give expression to our mind. Secondly, there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. And it is extremely hard for us7 (put) them into English properly.As far as I 8(concern), my suggestion is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese English dictionary within easy reach. Whenever something beats us, we can first put it down in our notebook and then consult our dict