初中英語(yǔ)主謂一致和就近原則講解練習(xí)

1、英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法主謂一致（就近、就遠(yuǎn)原則）就近原則：也稱(chēng)“近原”“就近一致原”(Proximity），即：與湊近的名、代（有不用然是主）在“人稱(chēng)、數(shù)”上一致。在正式文體中：1.由以下接的并列主：therebe句型;or;either；nor;neithernor；whetheror；notbut;notonlybutalso等;。e.g.Whathedoesorwhathesaysdoesnotconcernme.他的行或言都與我沒(méi)關(guān)。NeitheryounorIamwrong.你和我都沒(méi)。Notyoubutyourfatheristoblame.不是你，而是你父受。Notonlyyoubut(als

2、o)heiswrong.不你了，他也了。2.在倒裝句中：可與后邊第一個(gè)主一致。e.g.Inthedistancewasheardtheclappingofhandsandtheshoutsofthepeople.在，能聽(tīng)鼓掌聲和人的呼喊聲。Thereis(are)apenandsomebooksonthedesk.桌上有一支筆和幾本。非正式文體中：有依“就近一致原”，但也可依“意一致原”或格地依“法一致原”。e.g.NeithershenorIwerethere(意一致)我和他當(dāng)都不在那處。（非正式）NeithershenorIwasthere.（就近一致）（文同上句）（正式）但是，若是依“就

3、近一致原”而與其他兩原相矛盾，常常是不太合符范的。e.g.Nooneexcepthisownsupportersagreewithhim.他自己的支持者贊成他的意。（依“就近”和“意”一致的原；但法上，“Noone”才是主，要改成“agrees”?！皩?xiě)作中”一般要依“法一致”原。英語(yǔ)就近原則短語(yǔ)1.Therebe句型Thereisabookandsomepencilsonthedesk.=Therearesomepencilsandabookonthedesk.2.neither.nor.Neitheryounorheisright.=Neitherhenoryouareright.3.eit

4、her.or.EithertheyorJimisgoingtoShanghainextSaturday.=EitherJimortheyaregoingtoshanghainextSaturday.4.notonly.butalso.NotonlyAnnbutalsoherparentsstayathomeeverySunday.1=NotonlyAnnsparentsbutalsoshestaysathomeeverySunday.就遠(yuǎn)原則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面主語(yǔ)一致代表詞匯：aswellas；（together/along）with；ratherthan；except；besides；but；i

5、ncluding；inadditionto；apartfrom例子：HeratherthanIisright.Nobodybuttwostudentsisintheclassroom.主謂一致單項(xiàng)填空專(zhuān)練主謂一致是歷年中考熱點(diǎn)之一,一般說(shuō)來(lái),句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)與數(shù)上應(yīng)保持一致,但在很多情況下存在一些特別情況,這些特別情況就是重要考點(diǎn)。本文過(guò)昨年高考試題為例,對(duì)此考點(diǎn)作以歸納。一、當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后邊與with,aswellas,but,except,like,ratherthan,nolessthan,besides,including等+名詞或代詞連用時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。Thetea

6、cher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,_visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbeAlibrarywithfivethousandbooks_tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveofferedE-mail,aswellastelephones,_animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.

7、playNobodybutJane_thesecret.A.knowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknown5.Allbutone_herejustnow.2A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were二、當(dāng)either.or.;neither.nor.;notonly.butalso.等連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與湊近它的主語(yǔ)保持一致。Eitheryouortheheadmaster_theprizestothesegiftedstudentsatthemeeting.A.washandingoutB.aretohandoutC.arehandingoutD.istohand

8、outNotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.be三、當(dāng)“theonlyoneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句”,且關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;當(dāng)“oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句”,且關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。8.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeenSheisoneo

9、fthefewgirlswho_inthekindergarten.A.iswellpaidB.arewellpaidC.ispayingwellD.arepayingwell四、當(dāng)news,means,maths,plastics,physics等在形式上是復(fù)數(shù)看法,而在意義上是單數(shù)看法的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Everypossiblemeans_topreventthepollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.A.isusedB.areusedC.hasbeenusedD.havebeenused五、當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù)(百分?jǐn)?shù))+of+名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)

10、取決于of后邊名詞的數(shù)。311._ofthelandinthatdistrict_coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;are六、thenumberof.(的數(shù)目)短作主,用數(shù)形式;當(dāng)anumberof.(多)短作主,用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Thenumberofpeopleinvited_fifty,butanumberofthem_absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were七、當(dāng)“疑+不定式”構(gòu)作主,常用數(shù)形式。13.Whenandwheretobuildthenewf