介詞的用法總結(jié)

1、介詞的用法表示地點位置的介詞at,in,on,to,forat(1)表示在小地方;(2)表示在附近，旁邊”in(1)表示在大地方；(2)表示在范圍之內(nèi)”。on表示毗鄰，接壤，在.上面”。to表示在范圍外，不強調(diào)是否接壤；或到”above,over,on在上above指在上方，不強調(diào)是否垂直，與below相對；over指垂直的上方，與under相對，但over與物體有一定的空間，不直接接觸。on表示某物體上面并與之接觸。Thebirdisflyingabovemyhead.Thereisabridgeovertheriver.Heputhiswatchonthedesk.below,under在

2、.下面under表示在正下方below表示在下，不一定在正下方Thereisacatunderthetable.Pleasewriteyournamebelowtheline.infrontfrantof,inthefrontof在前面infrontof意思是在前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，兩者互不包括；其反義詞是behind(在.的后面)。Therearesomeflowersinfrontofthehouse.(房子前面有些花卉。)inthefrontof意思是在的前部”，即甲物在乙物的內(nèi)部反義詞是atthebackof(在范圍內(nèi)的后部)。Thereisablackboardinthefron

3、tofourclassroom.我們的教室前邊有一塊黑板。Ourteacherstandsinthefrontoftheclassroom.我們的老師站在教室前.(老師在教室里)beside，behindbeside表示在旁邊behind表示在后面表示時間的介詞in,on,at在時in表示較長時間，如世紀(jì)、朝代、時代、年、季節(jié)、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。如inthe20thcentury,inthe1950s,in1989,insummer,inJanuary,inthemorning,inoneslife,inone等thirtieson表示具體某一天及其早、中、晚。女口onMay1

4、st,onMonday,onNewYearsDay,onacoldnightinJanuary,onafinemorning,onSundayafternoon等。at表示某一時刻或較短暫的時間，或泛指圣誕節(jié)，復(fù)活節(jié)等。女口at3:20,atthistimeofyear,atthebeginningof,attheendof,attheageofatChristmas,atnight,atnoon,atthismoment等。注意：在last,next,this,that,some,every等詞之前一律不用介詞。如：Wemeeteveryday.2）in,after在之后“in段時間”表示將

5、來的一段時間以后；“after段時間表示過去的一段時間以后；“after將來的時間點表示將來的某一時刻以后。3）from,sinee自從from僅說明什么時候開始，不說明某動作或情況持續(xù)多久；since表示某動作或情況持續(xù)至說話時刻，通常與完成時連用。since表示自（某具體時間）以來，常用作完成時態(tài)謂語的時間狀語。sinceliberation（1980）自從解放（1980年）以來Theyhavebeenclosefriendssincechildhood.他們從小就是好朋友。（1）sincethewar是指自從戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束以來，若指自從戰(zhàn)爭開始以來”，須說sincethebeginningof

6、thewar。（2）不要將since與after混淆。比較：Hehasworkedheresince1965.（指一段時間，強調(diào)時間段）自從1965年以來，他一直在這兒工作。Hebegantoworkhereafter1965（指一點時間，強調(diào)時間點）從1965年以后，他開始在這兒工作。4）after,behind在之后after主要用于表示時間；behind主要用于表示位置。時間名詞前介詞用法口訣年前周前要用in具體日子要用on遇到幾號也用on上午下午得是in要說某日上下午用on換in記清楚午夜黃昏用at黎明用它也不錯at用在時分前說差”可要用上to說過”要用past表示運動方向的介詞：ac

7、ross,through通過，穿過across表示橫過,即從物體表面通過，與on有關(guān)，為二維through穿過,即從物體內(nèi)部穿過，與in有關(guān)，為三維。表示在之間”的介詞：表示在.之間”的介詞在英語中屬于方位介詞，女口infrontof，behind,on，in，near，under，upbetween,amongbetween指在兩個人或兩個事物之間；among指在三個或三個以上的人或事物之間。表示其他意義的介詞1）on,about關(guān)于on表示這本書，這篇文章或演說是嚴(yán)肅的，或?qū)W術(shù)性的，可供專門研究這一問題的人閱讀；about表示內(nèi)容較為普通，不那么正式。2）by,with,in表示方法、手段

8、、工具by以方法、手段或泛指某種交通工具；with表示用工具、手段，一般接具體的工具和手段；in表示用方式，用語言（語調(diào)、筆墨、顏色）等；3）except,besides3）except除之外，不包括在內(nèi);besides除之外，包括在內(nèi)。ExceptforMr.Wang,wewenttoseethefilm.（王先生沒去）BesidesMr.Wang,wealsowenttoseethefilm.（王先生也去了）其它常用介詞介詞在英語詞匯中所占比例很小，但它們的用法卻非常靈活，復(fù)雜。下列為常用介詞及含義:1）about關(guān)于，附近，大約周圍，隨身.IhaveboughtabookaboutSha

9、kespearean.我買了一本有關(guān)莎士比亞的書。Thereareaboutfifteentreesinthepicture.大約有十五棵樹在圖片里。2）above在_上,高出，以上，超過，在.上游.Theplaneisflyingabovetheclouds.飛機在云上飛行。Ithinkthemanisabovesixtyyearsold.我想那人有六十多歲了。3）across橫過，對面,交叉,在.的對面.Canyouswimacrosstheriver?你能游過河嗎？Weliveacrossthestreet我們住在街的對面。4）after在.后面,依照.Hewenthomeaftersc

10、hool.他放學(xué)后就回家了。Readafterme,please.請跟我朗讀。5）against撞到，靠著，反對，違背,Thecarhitagainstthetree.汽車撞了樹。Heisstandingagainstthewall.他靠墻站著。6）along沿著，順著.Theyarewalkingalongtheriver.他們沿著河行走。7）among在.當(dāng)中.（三者或三者以上Heisthetallestamongthem.他是他們當(dāng)中個子最高的。8）around在的周圍，在那一邊.Theysataroundthetabletalkingthenews.他們繞桌而坐談?wù)撔侣劇hereis

11、adrugstorearoundthecorner.拐角處有一家藥店。9）as作為.Hedoesntlikepeopletreathimasachild.他不喜歡人們把他當(dāng)小孩子對待。10）at在.時刻，在.點鐘，在歲時，向，在.之中，按.速度，值（賣）.錢，在.（強調(diào)地點Healwaysgetsupatsixinthemorning.他時常早上六點鐘起床。Heshotatthebirdbutmissedit.他向鳥射擊，但是沒射中。Thecargoesateightymilesanhour.汽車以每小時八十公里的速度行駛。11）before在.的前面（位置）,在.之前（時間）Hetookap

12、icturebeforethecar.他在汽車前照了張照片。Hecantfinishhisworkbeforesupper.晚飯前他完不成工作。12）behind在的后面（位置），落后于，不如4）after在后面,依照，Arethereanybroomsbehindthedoor.門后有掃帚嗎？Allofusarebehindhiminmathematics.我們數(shù)學(xué)都不如他。below在.之下，低于,Therearefourlightsbelowtheceiling.天花板下面有四盞燈。Themurdererrunawaybelowthepoliceseyes.殺人犯從警察眼皮底下跑了。be

13、side在.的旁邊，在.之外，與.相比.Hefoundthebodybesidetheriver.他在河邊發(fā)現(xiàn)了尸體。Besideyours,mycomputeristooslow.與你的計算機速度相比，我的就慢多了。besides除.之外，還有.WeareallherebesidesBowe.除鮑外，我們也都來了。between在兩者之間，Hesitsbetweenyouandme.他坐在你我之間。beyond在那邊,Theshopyouarelookingforisbeyondthestreet,youcantmissit.你要找的商店在街的那邊，你不會找不到的。but除去.Hehasno

14、thingbutmoney.他除錢以外什么都沒有。by被.，在的近旁，在之前，不遲于，以為手段。Theclassroomwascleanedbythestudents.教室由學(xué)生們打掃干凈了。MissLucycametoChinabyair.露西小姐是乘飛機來中國的。down沿著.望下。Shewalkeddownthestreet.她沿著街道走。during在期間，在.時候。Duringtheholiday,wewenttothesouth.我們假期去了南方。except除.之外。HeknowsnothingexceptEnglish.他除英語以外什么都不知道。for為.,因為.,至于.。He

15、worksforthiscompany.他為這家公司工作。Shecamebacktotheclassroomforshehadleftherbooksintheclassroom.她返回到教室是因為把書留在了那里。from從.,來自.，因為.。Whereareyoufrom?你是哪里人？Hediedfromanaccident.他死于一場事故。in在.,在.之內(nèi)，從事于.,按照.,穿著.。Hewasbornin1992.他生于1992年。Icouldfinishtheprogramintwoweeks.我可以用兩周時間完成這個項目。Hespendlesstimeinreading.他讀書時間很

16、少。Themaninblackjacketisourteacher.穿黑夾克的那個人是我們的老師。like象.，如同.。Thetwinsareliketheirfather.雙胞胎像他們的父親。near靠近。Therearesomeflowersnearthehouse.房子附近有一些花。of.的，屬于.。ThisisamapofChina.這是一張中國地圖。off離開.，在.之外。Theyoungmangotoffthetrainquickly.那個年青人很快下了火車。Iliveinavillagealittlewayoffthemainroad.我住在離大路不遠(yuǎn)的一個村莊里。on在.之上。

17、Mybookisonthetable.我的書在桌子上。outof從.出來，在.之外。Thedogrunoutofthehouse.狗從房子里跑出來。outside.外邊.Theyarewaitingoutsidethegate.他們在門夕卜等著。over在.之上，遍于.之上，越過.。Thereisalightoverthedesk.桌子上方有盞燈。Heisoversixtyyearsold.他有六十多歲。past越過.，過.，超越.。Thestudentswalkedpastthepostoffice.學(xué)生們走過了郵局。Itistenpasttwo.現(xiàn)在是兩點十分。round圍著.，繞過.，在

18、.周圍。Wesatroundthetable.我們圍著桌子坐下。Theearthgoesroundthesun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。sinee自.以后，自.以來。HehasmadegreatprogressinEnglishsineehecameintothecollege.從他來至U大學(xué)后，他的英語有了很大進步。through經(jīng)過.，穿過.。(立體層面)Theywentthroughtheforest.他們穿過了森林。throughout遍及.，在各處。Thepolicesearchedforthecriminalthroughoutthemountain.警察搜山尋找犯人。till直到.，在.

19、以前。Hedidntcomebacktillelevenoclock.他直至U點鐘才回來。Wellbehometillsix.六點以前我們都會在家。to到.，向.，趨于。Howlongisitfromheretothestation?從這兒至U車站有多遠(yuǎn)？under在.之下，低于。Therearesomefootballsunderthebed.床底下有幾顆足球。Thesestudentsareunderseventeenyearsold.這些學(xué)生們不至U十七歲。until直到，在.以前，Pleasewaitforusuntilwecomeback.請等著我們回來。Itwasnotuntill

20、astweekthatIhandedinmathematicspaper.直至U上周我才交了數(shù)學(xué)論文。up在.上面，在.上。Hewentupthestairs.他上了樓梯。upon在.之上，迫近.。Itsnotpolitetolookdownuponhim.蔑視他是不禮貌的。within在.之內(nèi)。Youmustfinishtheworkwithintwoweeks.你必須兩周內(nèi)完成這項工作。without沒有，不，在.之外。Wecantdoitbetterwithoutyourhelp.沒有你的幫助，我們就做不好。Wecouldntlivewithoutairandwater.沒有空氣和水，我

21、們就不可能生存（A）Intheworld,socceroffootballisthemostpopularsport.ThisisbecausemanycountrieshavewonderfulteamsfortheWorldCup.TheWorldCupisheldeveryfouryears.Toremember2002FIFAWorldCup,childrenfromdifferentcountriesandmorethan60childrenfromJapaneseschoolscametogetherandspentthreeweekendsdrawingabigpictureca

22、lled“Dre夢n幻）WorldCups”inJapan.Thechildrendrewanimals,flowersandpeopleplayingsoccerunderabulebrightsky.Theywishedeachfootballteamgoodluckbydrawingtheflags（旗幟）ofallthecountriesthatwilltakepartintheWorldCupinJapanandSouthKorea.ThepicturewasputupinaparknearaplaygroundinYokohama.Somefootballteamswillhave

23、gamesthere.Areyouafootballfan（迷）?TheWorldCupmakedsmoreandmorepeopleinterestedinfootballTeenagers（青少年）likeplayingandwatchingfootball.Manyofthemlovesomefootballstarssomuchthattheygetthepicturesoftheirfavouriteplayersonthewallsoftheirrooms.ThatisthewaytoshowtheirlovefortheWorldCupaschildreninJapan.TOC

24、o 1-5 h zIfacountrywantstotakepartintheWorldCup,shemusthave.ManyfootballfansB.averygoodteamC.manyfootballplayerD.abigplaygroundThenextWorldCupwillbeheldin.2006B.2007C.2005D.2004Fromthepassage,inthepicturechildrendrewmanythingsexcept.peopleplayingfootballB.picturesofsomefootballstarsC.asunnyskyD.flow

25、ersIn“DreamWorldCup”,thechildrendrewtheflagsfsomecountries./PtoshowtheirlovefortheirowecountrytotellthepeopletheirstoriestoshowtheirgoodwishesforthefootballteamstoshowtheirnewideasaboutfootballManyteenagersowethepicturesofsomefootballstarsbecause_.A.theyareinterestedinfootballB.theyarefootballfansC.

26、theythinktheirfavouriteplayersaregreatD.allofA,BandC（B）In1826,aFrenchmannamedNiepceneededpicturesforhisbusiness.Buthewasnotagoodartis.Soheinventedaverysimplecamera（照相機）.Heputitinawindowofhishouseandtookapictureofhiagarden.Thatwasthefirstphoto.Thenextimportantdateinthehistoryofphotography（攝影術(shù)）wasin18

27、37.Thatyear,Daguere,anotherFrenchman,tookapictureofhisreadingroom.Heusedanewkindofcamerainadifferentway.Inhispictureyoucouldseeeverythingveryclearly,eventhesmallestthing.ThiskindofphotowascalledaDaguerreotype.Soon,otherpeoplebegantouseDaguerresway.Travelersbroughtbackwonderfulphotosfromallaroundthew

28、orld.peopletookpictureoffamousbuildings,citiesandmountains.Inabout1840,photographywasdeveloped.Thenphotographerscouldtakepictureofpeopleandmovingthings.Thatwasnotsimple.Thephotographershadtocarryalotoffilmandothermachines.Butthisdidnotstopthem,forexample,someintheUnitedStatesworkedsohard.MathewBrady

29、wasafamousAmericanphotographers.Hetookmanypictureofgreadpeople.Thepicturewereunusualbeausetheywereverylifelike（栩栩如生的）Photographersalsobecameonekindofartbytheendofthe19thcentury.Somephotodwerenorjustcooiesoftherealworld.Theyshowedandfeelings,likeotherkindsofart.ThefirstphototakenbyNiepcewasapicturteo

30、fA.hisbusinessB.hishouseC.hisgardenD.hiswindowTheDaguerrotypewas./PA.FrenchmanB.akindofpictureC.akindofcameraD.aphotographerIfaphotographerwantedtotakepicturesofmovingthingsintheyearof1840j,hehadTOC o 1-5 h zto.A.watchlotsoffilmsB.buyanexpensivecameraC.stopinmostcitiesD.takemanyfilmsandsomethingelse

31、withhim.MathewBrady.A.wasverylifelikeB.wasfamousforhisunusualpicturesC.wasquitestrongD.tookmanypicturesofmovingpeopleThispassagetellsus.A.howphotographywasdevelopedB.howtoshowyourideasandfeelingsinpicturesC.howtotakepicturesintheworldD.howtousedifferentcameras（C）Americanswithsmallfamiliesownasmallca

32、roralargeone.Ifbothparentsareworking,theyusuallyhavetwocars.Whenthefamilyislarge,oneofthecarsissoldandtheywillbuyavan（住房汽車）Asmallcarcanhold（容纟納）fourpersonsandalargecarcanholdsixpersonsbutitisverycrowded（擁擠）.Avanholdsevenpersonseasily,soafamilythreechildrencouldasktheirgrandparentstogoonaholidaytrave

33、lTheycouldalltraveltogether.Mr.Hagenandhiswifehadathirdchildlastyear.Thismadethemsellasecondcarandbusavan.Theirchildrensixthandseventhseatareusedtoputotherthings,forafamilyoffivemustcarrymanysuitcases（衣箱）whentheytravel.Whentheyarriveattheirgrandparentshome,thesuitcasesarebroughtintothetwoseatscanthe

34、ncarrythegrandparents.Americanscallvansmotorhomes.Amotorhomeisalwaysusedforholidays.Whenafamilyaretravelingtothemountainsortotheseaside,theycanliveintheirmotorhomeforafewdaysortotheseaside,theycanliveintheirmotorhomeforafewdaysorweeks.Allthemembersofabigfamilycanenjoyahappierlifewhentheyaretraveling

35、together.Thatiswhymotorhomeshavebecomeverypopular.InAmericatherearemanyparksformotorhomes.TOC o 1-5 h zFromthepassage,avanisalsocalled.A.amotorcarB.amotorhomeC.amotorbikeD.abigtruckBeforeMr.Hagenandhiswifeboughtavan,they.A.soldtheiroldhouseB.movedtotheirgrandparentshouseC.builtanewplaceforavanD.sold

36、theirsecondcarAmotorhomeisusuallyownedbyafamilywith.A.ababyB.muchmoneyC.morethantwochildrenD.interestinvansAmericansusuallyusemotorhomer.totravelwithallthefamilymembersofholidaytodosomeshoppingwithallthefamilymemberstovisittheirgrandparentsatweekendstodrivetheirchildrentoschooleverydayMotorhomeshave

37、becomepopularbecause.theycantakepeopletoanothercitywhenpeoplearefreetheycanletfamilieshaveahappierlifewhentheygooutfortheirholidayssomepeoplethinkmotorhomesarecheapbigfamiliescanputmorethingsinmotorhomes（D）Surtseywasbornin1963.Scientistssawthebirthofthisisland.Itbeganat7.30a.m.on14thNovember.Afishin

38、gboatwasnearIceland.Theboatmovedunderthecaptains（船長）feet.Henoticedastrangesmell.Hesawsomeblacksmoke.Avolcano（火山）wasbreakingout.Red-hotrocks,fireandsmokewererushingupfromthebottom（底部）ofthesea.Theislandgrewquickly.Itwas10metershighthenextdayand60metershighon18thNovember.Scientistsflewtheretowatch.Itwa

39、sexciting.Smokeandfirewerestillrushingup.Piecesofred-hotrockwereflyingintotheairandfallingintothesea.Theseawasboilingandtherewasastrangelightinthesky.Surtseygrewandgrew.ThenitstoppedinJune1967.Itwas175metershighand2kilometerslong.AndlifewasalreadycomingtoSurtsey.Plantsgrew.Birdscame.Somescientistsbu

40、iltahouse.Theywanttolearnaboutthisyoungisland.Anewislandislikeanewworld.Surtseyis.A.anislandnotfarfromIcelandB.anewvolcanoC.afishingboatD.aplaceinIcelandScientistsflewthere.A.towatchthebirthoftheislandB.tosavethefishingboatC.tolearnabouttheislandD.tobuildahouseWhendidscientistflytheretowatch?A.Befor

41、ethevolcanobrokeout.B.Assoonasthevolcanobrokeout.C.Aboutfourdaysafterthevolcanobrokeout.D.Afterthevolcanostoppedrushingup.Putthefollowingsentencesincorrectorder.a.Thecaptainfoundtheboatwasmoving.b.Anewislandappearedinthesea.c.Fire,smokeandrockswereseenrushingup.d.AfishingboatwasnearIceland.e.Theisla

42、ndgrewquickly.A.d-a-c-b-eB.a-b-c-d-eC.a-b-e-c-dD.b-e-d-a-cThebesttitleofthisarticleis.A.AnewislandB.ThebirthofanislandC.AnewworldD.ScientistsdiscoveredSurtsey（E）OnNov.18th,1908,threemenwentupinaballoon（氣球）.TheystartedearlyinLondon.TheheadmanwasAugustaGaudron,andtheothertwomenwereTannarandMaitland.Th

43、eyhadabigballoonandtheywerereadyforalongway.Soontheyheardthesea.Theywerecarryingtheusualrope（繩子），anditwashangingdownfromthebasketoftheballoon.Attheendoftheropetheyhadtiedametalbox.Thiscouldholdwater,oritcouldbeempty.Sotheywereabletochangeitsweight（重量）twasforuseoverthesea.Theywerealsocarryingsomebagsofsand.Afterthesunrose,theballoonwenthigher.Itwentupto3,000metres,andtheairwasverycold.Thewaterintheball