專題19 中考英語單項(xiàng)選擇分析

1、中考英語單項(xiàng)選擇分析 單項(xiàng)填空這個(gè)題型容量大，涉及到語音、詞匯、語法、習(xí)語、日常用語和習(xí)慣表達(dá)法等語言知識(shí)，范圍廣，是對(duì)學(xué)生掌握英語基本知識(shí)和基本技能功底即語言運(yùn)用能力的檢測，一般分值為20分，所占比例為13%，較為重要。要做好單項(xiàng)選擇的基本條件是： 1.從考生本人來說，應(yīng)有扎實(shí)的英語基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)功底，要有豐富的詞匯、習(xí)慣用語和句型知識(shí)。 2.從做題來說，一方面要有認(rèn)真仔細(xì)的態(tài)度，另一方面要注意積累解題技巧，做到從語義和語法兩個(gè)方面來考慮，要善于尋找信息詞，對(duì)題目進(jìn)行分析、理解，從中選出最佳答案。 3.從英語是一種語言工具來說，要從注重英語語法和單純的語言測試轉(zhuǎn)變到要注重語境和對(duì)語言的理解和運(yùn)用上

2、來。 4.從英語新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求來說，要講究各方面素質(zhì)的培養(yǎng)，善于與其它學(xué)科相結(jié)合，能聯(lián)系新形勢、新熱點(diǎn)，與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，具有創(chuàng)新意識(shí)。 一、分析歷年的中考題，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，單項(xiàng)選擇 從三個(gè)方面出題。 1. 詞性：名詞、冠詞、數(shù)詞、介詞、連詞、代詞、 動(dòng)詞、 形容詞和副詞等九類詞性 2. 句法類 3. 情景交際1. 語法專項(xiàng)分析2. 情景交際分析3. 學(xué)科滲透分析4. 熱點(diǎn)分析中考出題預(yù)測分析二、本節(jié)課從以下四個(gè) 方面來分析中考單項(xiàng)選擇題：語法專項(xiàng)分析 語法是研究句子結(jié)構(gòu)和詞形變化的科學(xué),是對(duì)語言規(guī)律的總結(jié)。語法知識(shí)是單項(xiàng)選擇的主干，不管什么樣的題目多多少少都會(huì)涉及語法知識(shí)，所以現(xiàn)在化一定的時(shí)間來分析語

3、法知識(shí)考點(diǎn)是必要的。考生可以根據(jù)所列條目檢查是否已經(jīng)掌握基本考點(diǎn)，進(jìn)行查漏補(bǔ)缺。語法主要分以下兩個(gè)方面：1.詞類：名詞、冠詞、數(shù)詞、介詞、連詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞等九類詞性。2.句法類。一、名詞 考生在名詞方面應(yīng)掌握這幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)：1.名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則,如（1）以s,x,ch和sh結(jié)尾的（2）以輔+y結(jié)尾的（3）元+y結(jié)尾的（4）以f/fe結(jié)尾的(5)以0結(jié)尾的2.幾個(gè)不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)名詞如:man,woman,child,foot,tooth,sheep,deer, Englishman,Frenchman,Japanese,Chinese,3.只用復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞如:people,clothe

4、s,goods,police,trousers4.一些集體名詞如:class,team,family,school5.不可數(shù)名詞如:news,information,wood,food,work,weather,room, space,population,metal,glass,cotton,silk,bread,meat,water,coffee,milk, porridge,money,fun,etc.6.名詞所有格如:Womens Day,Teachers Day,a map of China, a few minutes walk,Lucy and Lilys father, Luc

5、ys and Lilys shoes a friend of mine,todays newspaper,at the doctors,etc.7.與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用的單詞如:many, (a )few,a number of,these,those,two,different,one of-;與不可數(shù)名詞連用的單詞如:much,(a)little;都可連用的如：some,any,no,enough,a lot of,lots of,etc.8.不可數(shù)名詞及其量的表示法，如：a cup of tea,two glasses of milk等。 從98年到04年選擇題中名詞共出現(xiàn)八道題，它們是：(9

6、8年) 1.-What can you see in the picture?-Oh,I can see many_. A. horse B. sheep C. cow D. pig(99年) 2.-Can I help you ,sir?- Id like four mooncakes and _. A. two cup of tea B. two cups of teas C. two cups of tea D. two cup of tea (99年) 3.The place of interest is about _walk from here. A. two hour B. tw

7、o hours C. two hours D. two hours(00年) 4.-Miss Yang, where are the story-books? -They are on those _in the corner. A. shelf B. shelfs C. shelfes D. shelves(00年) 5.-Is it far from your home to the station? -No, its only _walk. A. ten minutes B. ten minute C. ten minutes D. ten minutes(05年) 6.-Can you

8、 tell me when when_is? Its on the third Sunday in June. A. Mothers day B. Fathers Day C. Tree Planting Day D. Thanksgiving Day二、形容詞和副詞考生在形容詞和副詞方面應(yīng)掌握這幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)：1.形容詞和副詞變成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的規(guī)則。尤其是不規(guī)則單詞。2.使用原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的方法。3.幾個(gè)特殊的句型。4.形容詞和副詞的特性。5.幾個(gè)特殊的常用的形容詞和副詞。98年至05年共有形容詞6題、副詞9題，現(xiàn)摘錄部分題目如下：-Time is money. -But I think

9、time is _money. A. more important than B. not important as C. so important as D. the most important (01)2. -I bought a nice MP3 yesterday. Its only $ 50. -Really? Mine is $ 120. Its _than yours. A. cheaper B. lower C. more expensive D. less (04)Mr Smith walked _fast for us _catch up with. A. too-to

10、B. such-that C. enough-to D. so-that (04)三、動(dòng)詞考生在動(dòng)詞方面應(yīng)掌握這幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)：1.動(dòng)詞的第三人稱、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去式、過去分詞構(gòu)成2.三種非謂語動(dòng)詞（do,to do,doing ）的常用單詞用法3.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)4.最基本的幾個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法5.幾對(duì)常用近義動(dòng)詞的用法98年至05年共有動(dòng)詞47題，現(xiàn)摘錄部分題目如下1.Why is your foreign teachers Chinese so good?Because he China for eight years.A. has gone toB. has been toC. has come

11、 toD. has been in2.Its a bit cold outside. Wed betterour coats. I think so. A.not to take off B.not to put on C. not take off D.not put on3. The tall building_ten years ago, but it still looks quite new. A. was built B. must be built C. is built D. built四、數(shù)詞考生在數(shù)詞方面應(yīng)掌握這幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)：1、基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的寫法和用法2、hundred,t

12、housand,million,billion的用法3、分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)法4、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、年齡的表示方法 98年至05年共有數(shù)詞4題，現(xiàn)摘錄部分題目如下：Miss Gao says there are about_English story books in the school library. (98) A. six hundreds of B. six hundred of C. six hundreds D. six hundred2. May is _month of the year. A.five B. the five C. fifth D. the fifth (99)3.More

13、than _tickets had been sold out when I got to the cinema. A. two hundred B. two hundreds C. two hundred of D. two hundreds of (00)五、代詞考生在代詞方面應(yīng)掌握這幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)：1、人稱代詞主格和賓格的用法2、形容詞性物主代詞的用法3、名詞性物主代詞的用法4、反身代詞的用法5、指示代詞的用法6、疑問代詞的用法7、不定代詞的用法8、it的用法98年至05年共有代詞13題，現(xiàn)摘錄部分題目如下：These are not my clothes. Are they yours? -

14、No, theyre_. A. mine B. your C. hers D. their2. Excuse me , where is the nearest post office? -Its on _ side of the street, next to the book shop. A. other B. the other C. others d. another3. Do you speak French? -Yes, but only _. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little4. -Excuse me , is this your rul

15、er? -No, its not _. A. I B. me C. my D. mine5. Would you like some more milk? - Just _, thanks. A. little B. a little C. few D. a few6. What about the English novel? Its not very difficult . There are only new words in it. A, few B. a few C. many D. a little(98)(98)(98)(99)(99)(04)六、連詞考生在連詞方面應(yīng)掌握這幾個(gè)要

16、點(diǎn)：1、了解幾個(gè)并列連詞的用法如：and,but ,or,not only-but also,etc.2、了解幾個(gè)常見的從句連詞的用法如：if,whether, because,since,when,before,after,until,as soon as,etc.98年至05年共有連詞3題，現(xiàn)摘錄部分題目如下：We have never heard from Mr Green_he left in 1990 A. Before B. since C. after D. for(00)- How do you like this shirt? - It looks nice, _ its t

17、oo dear. A. or B. and C. but D. for(04)- When did you know the news? - I knew nothing about it _my friend told me. A. after B. if C. because D. until七、介詞 考生在介詞方面應(yīng)掌握這幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)：1、了解一些常用的介詞及其用法2、熟記常用的介詞短語98年至05年共有介詞7題，現(xiàn)摘錄部分題目如下：(98) 1. I dont think the food shop is open _ this time of day. A. to B. in C. on

18、 D. at(99)2. Her best friend sits _ Han Meimeis right, behind Lin Tao. A. in B. at C. on D. by(00)3. We had an English party last night. Everybody was on time_Tom. A. except B. without C. until D. since(01)4. Jack, when were you born? - I was born _October 8 , 1984. A. in B. on C. at D. by(02)5. Wha

19、t do you usually do_ Sundays? A. at B. in C. on D. for(04) 6. Who will give us a talk tomorrow? Yang Liwei. The talk is his trip to space. A. in B. about C. at D. of 八、冠詞 考生在冠詞方面應(yīng)掌握這幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)：1、區(qū)別a和an的用法及the與它們的不同2、熟記冠詞的固定詞組3、了解定冠詞的基本用法和不用冠詞的情況98年至05年共有冠詞7題，現(xiàn)摘錄部分題目如下1.Jane is _ English girl. She comes fr

20、om _England. A. an , the B. an, C. the, the D. , 2. Look!Whats that in the tree? -Oh, its _kite. A. a B. an C. the D.3. Look! There is _big orange on the floor. A. a B. an C. the D. 4. Miss Gao, Whats this? -Its _English Chinese dictionary A. a B. the C. an D. 5. Is India_English speaking country? -

21、 Ive no idea. Lets go and ask Mr.Hu. A. a B. the C. an D. 6. The elephant isuseful animal to human beings. A. a B. an C. the D. / 2. 情景交際分析 近幾年的中考單項(xiàng)填空題越來越側(cè)重在語境中測試學(xué)生的綜合運(yùn)用語言知識(shí)的 能力，基本上以對(duì)話的方式出現(xiàn)，考生應(yīng)特別引起注意，尤其情景交際，在這七年的考試中有14個(gè)題目是情景交際題，單項(xiàng)填空越來越強(qiáng)調(diào)題目的生活化、交際化，體現(xiàn)了英語是用來交際的語言工具這一特點(diǎn)，如：1.-Happy birthday to you! -_.

22、A. Thank you B. Yes, of course C. I hope so D. Youre too kind. (02)2.-What can I do for you, madam? A. Thank you B. All right C. some apples D. Its nice of you (04)3.-My mother is ill in hospital. _ A. I dont think soB. Oh, she is unlucky C. No problemD. Im sorry to hear that4.-Shall we go boating t

23、omorrow? -_.The weather report says a storm is coming. A. Im afraid we cant B. Sure C. Thats a good idea D. Thats a deal5.Look at the picture. What will the boy probably say to the granny? A.It doesnt matter. Nothing serious B.Im terribly sorry. Are you OK? C.Nice to meet you. How are you? D.Bad luc

24、k. You are so careless. 3. 學(xué)科滲透和生活文化常識(shí)分析 學(xué)習(xí)英語不僅僅是學(xué)習(xí)語言知識(shí)，而且還要學(xué)習(xí)它的文化,我們不能只讀語法知識(shí)還要注意了解生活常識(shí)；英語是用來交流思想、表達(dá)感情、傳遞信息的語言交際工具，任何領(lǐng)域都要用到它，它與其它的學(xué)科有著緊密的關(guān)系，在歷年各地的中考卷中出現(xiàn)了許多涉及生活常識(shí)、文化風(fēng)俗及其它學(xué)科的題目，如：What number should appear next after eight-one? -Its _. 3 9 27 81 ? A. two hundred and forty-nine B. two hundred and forty-

25、one C. two hundred and forty-eight D. two hundred and forty-three2. If H2 burns in O2, we can get_. A. H2 B. H2O C. O2 D. H2O23. The sum of the whole numbers between 1 and 100 is _. A. 101 B. 5050 C. 1000 D. 1004. In the following series, which letter comes next? A, C, E, G,- A. I B. K C. M D. H5.- Can you tell me when _is? - Yes. Its on the third Sunday in June. A. M