2023年博士研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題

1、第8頁(yè) 共8頁(yè)昆明理工大學(xué)2023年博士研究生招生考試試題A考試科目代碼：1111 考試科目名稱 ： 英語(yǔ) 試題適用招生專業(yè) ：全?？忌痤}須知所有題目包括填空、選擇、圖表等類型題目答題答案必須做在考點(diǎn)發(fā)給的答題紙上，做在本試題冊(cè)上無(wú)效。請(qǐng)考生務(wù)必在答題紙上寫清題號(hào)。評(píng)卷時(shí)不評(píng)閱本試題冊(cè)，答題如有做在本試題冊(cè)上而影響成績(jī)的，后果由考生自己負(fù)責(zé)。答題時(shí)一律使用藍(lán)、黑色墨水筆或圓珠筆作答畫(huà)圖可用鉛筆，用其它筆答題不給分。答題時(shí)不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液等具有明顯標(biāo)記的涂改用品。Part II Structure and Vocabulary( 15 points )Directions: In this pa

2、rt, there are fifteen incomplete sentences. For each sentence four alternatives A, B, C or D are given. Decide which of the alternatives best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET.昆明理工大學(xué)2023年博士研究生招生考試試題waxy B. sticky C. slippery D. greasy Part III. Reading Com

3、prehension ( 40 points )Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the BEST choices and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer SHEE

4、T.Passage 1 The prefix Mach is used to describe supersonic speed. It was named for Ernst Mach (1838-1916), a Czech-born Austrian physicist, who contributed to the study of sound. When twice the speed of sound, it is Mach 2. When it is near but below the speed of sound, its speed can be designated at

5、 less than Mach 1, for example, Mach 0.9. Mach is defined as the ratio of the velocity of a rocket or a jet to the velocity of sound in the medium being considered. When a plane passes the sound barrierflying faster than sound travelslisteners in the area hear thunderclaps, but the pilot of the plan

6、e does not hear them. Sound is produced by vibrations of an object and is transmitted by alternate increase and decrease in pressure that radiate outward through a material media of molecules somewhat like waves spreading out on a pond after a rock has been tossed into it. The frequency of sound is

7、determined by the number of times the vibrating waves undulate波動(dòng) per second and is measured in cycles per second. The slower the cycle of waves, the lower the frequency. As frequencies increase, the sound is higher in pitch. Sound is audible to human beings only if the frequency falls within a certa

8、in range. The human ear is usually not sensitive to frequencies of fewer than 20 vibrations per second, or more than about 20,000 vibrations per secondalthough this range varies among individuals. Anything at a pitch higher than the human ear can hear is termed ultrasonic. Intensity, or loudness, is

9、 the strength of the pressure of these radiating waves and is measured in decibels. The human ear responds to intensity in a range from zero to 120 decibels. Any sound with pressure over 120 decibels is painful to the human ear. The speed of sound is generally placed at 1,088 feet per second at sea

10、level at 32 degrees Fahrenheit. It varies in other temperatures and in different media. Sound travels faster in water than in air, and even faster in iron and steel. It travels a mile in 5 seconds in air, it does a mile under water in 1 second, and it travels through iron in 1/3 second. It travels t

11、hrough ice cold vapor at approximately 4,708 feet per second; ice-cold water, 4,938; granite, 12,960; hardwood, 12,620; brick, 11,960; glass, 16,410 to 19,690; silver, 8,658; gold, 5,717.昆明理工大學(xué)2023年博士研究生招生考試試題Passage 2昆明理工大學(xué)2023年博士研究生招生考試試題We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-

12、date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to consist of more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not a unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all parts of society as m

13、ore women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions.In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is somewhat sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To balance this built-in b

14、ias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating him and her. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgement of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally.We hav

15、e also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as many other scientists do, that we shouldnt take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a l

16、iving.Passage 3Does using a word processor affect a writer s style？The medium usually does do 昆明理工大學(xué)2023年博士研究生招生考試試題昆明理工大學(xué)2023年博士研究生招生考試試題昆明理工大學(xué)2023年博士研究生招生考試試題works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they

17、have.Part IV Translation (20 points)Section A English-Chinese Translation (10 points)昆明理工大學(xué)2023年博士研究生招生考試試題Section B Chinese-English Translation (10 points)Directions: Read the following paragraph carefully and then translate it into English. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEE

18、T.Part VWriting (15 points)Directions: In this part you are required to write an essay under the title “The Impact of Basic Research on Technological and Economic Advances. You must cover the following four points:What benefits will basic research bring to technological and economic advances?For what reasons have governments, industries and financ