初高英語銜接-《英語句子成分及基本結構》課件41張

1、英語句子成分及基本結構 英語句子成分及基本結構 淺談警察的五點作風20 xx-5-19人民警察肩負著“維護國家安全,維護社會治安穩(wěn)定秩序,保護公民的人身安全、人身自由和合法財產,保護公共財產,預防、制止和懲治違法犯罪活動”的神圣職責其一言一行,一舉一動均與國家安危,社會榮枯,經濟興衰戚戚相關,正因為如此“擔任人民警察必須具有良好的政治、業(yè)務素質和良好的品行。人民警察法的這一規(guī)定,高度地概括了人民警察作為一個執(zhí)法者,應具有特殊的修養(yǎng)和道德風貌。人民警察工作的特殊性,決定了人民警察不僅應具備一定的文化基礎和健康條件,更重要的是,它決定了人民警察應具有一種精神,這種精神具體表現(xiàn)在人民警察必須具備“立

2、場堅定,愛憎分明;剛直不阿,威武不屈;執(zhí)法如山,嫉惡如仇;謙虛謹慎,不搞特權;廉潔奉公,遵紀守法;努力學習,精通業(yè)務”的特殊品格。(一)立場堅定,愛憎分明毋疑置否,人民警察的立場是國家的立場,是人民的立場。國家和人民的利益,是我們一切工作的出發(fā)點,同時也是我們一切工作的歸宿。我們必須站在這一立場上,堅持國家和人民的利益,并以之去觀察問題,分析問題和解決問題,凡是利國利民的事,我們就旗幟鮮明地去支持,去保護,否則,就反對,就打擊。立場（一）句子成分的定義 構成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分有主語和謂語； 次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語和同位語。淺談

3、警察的五點作風（一）句子成分的定義 構成句子的各個部（二）句子的具體成分主語（subject)：主語是一個句子所敘述的主體，主語是謂語講述的對象，表示所說的“是什么”或“是誰”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定代詞或相當于名詞的單詞或短語來充當，也有從句充當?shù)默F(xiàn)象。大多數(shù)主語都在句首。（二）句子的具體成分主語（subject)：主語是一個句子所1 The room is very clean. （名詞）2 We often speak English . （代詞）3 Eight is my lucky number. （數(shù)詞）4To teach them English is my job. （動詞不定

4、式）1 The room is very clean. 5 Swimming is good for our health. (動名詞）6.What we need is food. （句子）7.The poor are everywhere in some countries. (the +形容詞)5 Swimming is good for our hea找出下面句子的主語1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. To talk with you is a great pleasure 3. Cleaning the house needs a l

5、ot of time.4. They are our good friends.5. What he said was right.6. Eight is a lucky number in China .找出下面句子的主語謂語(predicate) 謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài),說明主語“做什么”，“是什么”，“怎么樣”。謂 語必須是動詞，體現(xiàn)時態(tài)和語態(tài)，一般放在主語之后。謂語分簡單謂語和復合謂語：1、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。如： He practices running every morning.2、復合謂語：由情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形 或其他助動詞加動詞某種形式構成。

6、 如： He can speak English. 謂語(predicate) 謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特常見情態(tài)動詞：can / could 能，可以，可能may / might 可以，可能need 需要must 必須，務必will /would 表意愿should 應該have to 不得不 + 動詞原形作謂語常見情態(tài)動詞：can / could 能，可以，可能 + 助動詞：幫助構成時態(tài)和語態(tài)，不同時態(tài)有不同的助動詞,后加動詞的某種形式構成謂語。一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)： does/ do一般過去時態(tài)： did一般將來時態(tài)： will / shall過去將來時態(tài)： would/ should現(xiàn)在

7、完成時態(tài)： have / has過去完成時態(tài)： had現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)：am / is / are 過去進行時態(tài)：was /were助動詞：幫助構成時態(tài)和語態(tài)，不同時態(tài)有不同的助動詞,后加動詞We always get up at seven.They are talking about something.He went to the park yesterday.The boy can play guitar very well.He doesnt like speaking Chinese.I have seen the film before.He didnt finish his hom

8、ework last night.We always get up at seven.找出下列句子的謂語1. We saw them playing football.2. Our teacher is telling us something.3. A blind man was walking slowly.4. Friends make my life full of excitement.5. Recently ,we have developed the good habit.6. We must study English very hard.7. Our country will

9、 become stronger.8. The train had left by 10 last night.找出下列句子的謂語1. We saw them playin表語(predicative) 表語用以說明主語是什么或怎么樣，它一般位于系動詞之后，構成主系表結構，說明主語的狀況，性質，特征等。表語(predicative) 表語用以說明主語是什么常見的系動詞：1. 表狀態(tài)：be 2. 表感官：look, sound, smell, taste, feel3. 表變化：become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, fall4. 表持續(xù),保持：keep,remai

10、n,stay5. 表似乎,像：seem，appear常見的系動詞：1. 表狀態(tài)：be 1 I am a teacher. （名詞）2 I am ten. （數(shù)詞）3 He became rich and successful. （形容詞）4 Everyone is here. （副詞）5 They are at home now. （ 介詞短語）6 My job is to teach them English. （不定式）1 I am a teacher. （名詞）找出下列句子的表語1. We are the master of our future.2. The old man felt

11、very sad.3. Our country will become stronger4. My father kept silent.5. Your words seemed right.6. The drink tastes quite wonderful.7. In spring the trees turn green.找出下列句子的表語1. We are the master 8. The boy is very clever.9. No one remains young forever.10. The girl has become skillful.11. It doesnt

12、 seem quite true.12. The idea sounds wonderful.8. The boy is very clever.賓語(object) 賓語：表示動作所涉及的對象，內容或承受者。 賓語動賓：動詞+賓語介賓：介詞+賓語例：read books like English The book is good for us .賓語(object) 賓語：表示動作所涉及的對象，內容1 He is playing the piano.（名詞）2 He often helps me.（代詞）3 He likes to watch TV. (動詞不定式）4 He likes wa

13、tching TV. （動詞ing)5.I dont know what he is talking. (句子）1 He is playing the piano.（名詞）找出下列句子的賓語 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming . The old man sitting at th

14、e gate said he was ill.找出下列句子的賓語 My brother hasnt d賓語補足語 英語中有些句子只有賓語并不能表達完整的意思，還必須在賓語的后面加上賓語補足語才能表達完整的意思。我們把“賓語+賓語補足語”稱為復合賓語。復合賓語表達的意思相當于一個句子的意思。賓語補足語 英語中有些句子只有賓語并不能表達完整的意思1 We called him Dongming.（名詞）2 We saw him playing soccer. （現(xiàn)在分詞）3 We saw him play soccer. (省to不定式)4 We found math difficult.（形容詞

15、）5 Mom makes me study all day. （省to不定式）1 We called him Dongming.（名詞）找出句子中的賓語補足語 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.找出句子中

16、的賓語補足語 She likes the 定語 修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語為定語。定語可由以下等成分表示： 1 She is a beautiful city.（形容詞）2 My beef noodles is here. ( 代詞）（名詞） 3 The boy with glasses is my brother. (介詞短語） 4 I have something to say.( 不定式）定語 修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語為定語。定語可由以下等成找出下列句子的定語1. The black bike is mine.2. Whats your name?3. I have five books.

17、4. They made paper flowers.5. The book in the room is Jack.6. It is a swimming pool.7. Do you know the sleeping boy.找出下列句子的定語1. The black bike is 狀語(adverbial)狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句的句子成分, 說明方式、因果、條件、時間、地點、讓步、方向、程度、目的，比較等,可用作狀語的有副詞, 不定式, 分詞, 介詞短語, 從句等。 狀語(adverbial)狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句的1. Tom runs quickly.2. I

18、 get up at six every day.3 .I play soccer very well.4. In the classroom, the boy needs a pen. 5. Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen.6. The boy needs a pen to do his homework.1. Tom runs quickly. 找出下列句子的狀語1. We arrived at Shanghai at six yesterday.2. She didnt go to the party because

19、of the rain.3. Mr Smith lives in America.4. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.5. He was so tired that he fell asleep quickly.6. I am taller than he is. 找出下列句子的狀語1. We arrived at Sh同位語 同位語是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞或名詞短語對前者加以說明的成分，近乎于后置定語。如： We students should study hard. We all are stude

20、nts. Carol , an American teacher, will come to our school.同位語 同位語是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞或名詞短語對獨立成分 有時句子中會有一些與句子沒有語法聯(lián)系的成分，稱為句子獨立成分感嘆詞：oh,hello,aha,ah,等。 肯定詞yes 否定詞no 稱呼語：mum, dad。 插入語：一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。 如: The story, I think, has never come to the end情態(tài)詞,表示說話人的語氣（多作為修飾全句的狀語）:perhaps也許,maybe大概,ac

21、tually實際上,certainly當然，等。 獨立成分 有時句子中會有一些與句子沒有語法聯(lián)系的成分，稱1.簡單句、并列句和復合句句子種類兩種分類法 1、按句子的用途可分四種： 1）陳述句（肯定、否定） 2）疑問句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意） 3）祈使句 4）感嘆句1.簡單句、并列句和復合句句子種類兩種分類法2、按句子的結構可分三種：1）簡單句： 只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語 （或并列謂語）。1. He often reads English in the morning.2. Tom and Mike are American boys.3. She likes drawing an

22、d often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2、按句子的結構可分三種：1）簡單句：2) 并列句：由并列連詞（and, but, or等）或分號（；）把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起構成。 e.g. 1. You help him and he helps you. 2. He wants to go there but I dont 3. Hurry up, or you will be late. 4. This house belongs to Mr.Smith； It costs millions of dollars.2) 并列句：由并

23、列連詞（and, but, or等）或分號3）復合句：含有一個或一個以上從句的句子 。復合句包含：名詞性從句、定語從句， 狀語從句等。1. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. (狀從）2. This is the book that I want. （定從）3. I think that he is right. (賓從）3）復合句：含有一個或一個以上從句的句子 判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列句還是復合句：We often study Chinese history on Fri

24、day afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.4. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.5. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.簡單句復合句簡單句并列句復合句判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列句還是復合

25、句：簡單句復合句簡單句并下列句子哪些是正確的？ 為什么？1. I like English, my English is very good.2. I like English and my English is very good. 3. As I like English, my English is very good. 4. I have a house, its windows are very big. 5. I have a house and its windows are very big. 5. I have a house, whose windows are very

26、big. 下列句子哪些是正確的？ 為什么？1. I like Engl簡單句的五種基本句型 1 主語+不及物動詞：( 主謂) 1 We work. 2 She came just now 3 They went. 常見的不及物動詞：come go work walk swim arrive stay laugh happen簡單句的五種基本句型2 主語+系動詞+表語(主系表)系動詞一be動詞類：am、is、are、was、were 二表示變化類：become、get、turn、grow、三感官動詞類:look sound smell taste feel seem1 He is a student