英語語音讀音規(guī)則詳細(xì)

1、英語讀音規(guī)則(詳細(xì))元音字母及輔音字母讀音規(guī)則字母組合讀音規(guī)則詞綴、詞性與讀音重音節(jié)規(guī)律語句中的讀音英漢差異美式英語和英式英語差異 巧記讀音規(guī)則1996年NMET語音試題仍是5道單項(xiàng)選擇題，形式和1995年完全相同。語音試題主要考查學(xué)生的單詞辨音能力。近年來高考語音試題中，元音字母及其組合的讀音占3/5，輔音字母及其組合的讀音占2/5，說明元音字母及其組合的讀音是考查重點(diǎn)，但輔音字母及其組合也不能忽視，現(xiàn)就中學(xué)課本中所出現(xiàn)的讀音規(guī)則、一些單詞的特殊讀音等歸納如下：一、元音字母讀音規(guī)則1元音字母a在重讀開音節(jié)中讀/ei/例如make，name等；a在重讀閉音節(jié)中讀/，例如map，that等。其他

2、主要情況有如下幾種：在非重讀相對(duì)開音節(jié)中，a的發(fā)音：（2）a的后面是ss，st，sk，sp，th，f，n時(shí)，則讀/a:/。例：class，pass，task，grasp，chance，plant，cast，after，path，但entrance中的a發(fā)/音。（3）any，many，ate中的a發(fā)/e/音。a在閉音節(jié)中，前面是輔音/w/時(shí)讀作/7:/，例：want，warm，warn（4）ar常讀/a:/，例：yard，carpet，garment，farm；但在輔音/w/ 之后常讀作/:/，例：war，warm，warn（6）字母組合are常讀/3/音，例如：bare，hare，care，g

3、lare，dare。字母組合al輔音字母時(shí)，al常讀/:/，但在shall中al讀/；在half，calm中發(fā)/a:/音。2元音字母e在重讀開音節(jié)中，讀/ i: /，例：we，be，these，e在重讀閉音節(jié)中讀/e/，例：help，member，then，beg；但在arithmetic中，e發(fā)/音，元音字母e的字母組合讀音：（4）eer常讀/i/，例：deer，cheer，pioneer，engineer，volunteer（志愿者）。（5）字母組合ex的讀音規(guī)則：a以字母組合ex開頭的詞，若ex后接一個(gè)元音字母且重音不落在第一個(gè)音節(jié)上，則ex的發(fā)音為/igz/。例如：exact，exam

4、，example，exist。b以字母組合ex開頭的詞，若ex后接一個(gè)輔音字母，且重音不落在第一個(gè)音節(jié)上，則ex讀/iks/。例：excuse，expect，exchange，except，experience，experi-ment，explain，expose，express，expression，expensive，extend，extraordinary。c以字母組合ex開頭的詞，無論ex后跟著什么字母，只要重音（包括次重音）落在第一個(gè)音節(jié)上，則ex的發(fā)音即為/eks/。例：exercise，expert（專家，能手），extra（額外的），exhibition。3元音字母i在重讀開音

5、節(jié)中讀/ai/，例如：nice，drive，quite，line，polite，apologize，wise。i在重讀閉音節(jié)中讀/i/，例如：arithmetic，benefit，habit，English，equip。（1）字母組合ie一般讀/i：/，例：piece，field，thief，achieve；有時(shí)讀/ai/，例：lie，die；但friend/frend/，review/rivju：/，quiet/kwait/例外。（2）字母i在climb，flight，fight，blind，kind，mind，find，frightful，design，sign，wild等含有igh，ig

6、n，ind，ild的詞中，i發(fā)/ai/。（3）April，impossible中的i發(fā)/。（4）pencil，business，medicine中的i不發(fā)音。（5）在quiet，society，empire，entire，violin，diary，lion，wire，tire，giant，dialogue中元音字母i的字母組合讀音均為/ai/。（6）字母組合ai在重讀時(shí)一般發(fā)/ei/，但在captain，mountain，portrait，foun-tain中的ai發(fā)/i/，在curtain中的ai不發(fā)音。4元音字母o在重讀開音節(jié)中讀/u/。例：whole，home，rope，hope；在重讀

7、閉音節(jié)中，讀/，例：foreign，dollar，borrow，forehead，cost，tomorrow，common，province，model，modern，cough，forest，honour，proverb，probably，promise，beyond，modest，honest，stocking；但在improve中的o讀/u：/。（1）在post，most，clothes，both，host，progress，total，wont，soldier，gold，robot，poster，roll，control，scold，hotel等詞中的o發(fā)/u/音。（2）o在n，m，v

8、，th之前常讀/，例：month，front，son，ton，none，tongue，wonder，dozen，among，above，comfort。（3）在tomb中的o發(fā)/u：/。（4）字母組合oo在一般情況下讀/u：/，例：shoot，loose，pool，moon，choose，balloon，smooth，cool，food，fool，school，tooth。但在k前，有時(shí)在t，d前，由它們構(gòu)成的合成詞、派生詞中均發(fā)/u/，例：cook，good，foot，look，wood，stood，took。book在由room構(gòu)成的合成詞中也發(fā)/u/；但應(yīng)注意例外，例：blood，flo

9、od中的oo讀/。（5）字母組合or在輔音/w/之后一般讀/：/，例：word，worm，world，work，worth，worthy，worse，worst，worship。（6）以字母o開頭的詞中o的讀音：（7）字母組合ow的讀音：（8）字母組合ou的讀音：5元音字母u在重讀開音節(jié)中讀/ju：/。例：refuse，use，amuse，diffuse；在重讀閉音中讀/，例：bus，bump，suddenly，hundred，suffer，funny，study。（1）r，l，j等加u的開音節(jié)中，u讀/u：/，例：blue，conclude，truth，truly，salute，rule，J

10、une。（2）u在ll，sh之前，在f，p，b之后讀/u/，例：full，push，pull，sugar，bullet，bush。（3）在difficulty，suggest，supply，success，industry，column，support中的u發(fā)/。（4）在busy，minute，business中的u發(fā)/i/；但在guest，bury中的u讀/e/。（5）字母組合ur常發(fā)/：/音，例：burden，turn，burst，curtain，curl，fur，furnish，nursery，furl，furniture（家具）。二、輔音字母讀音規(guī)則1字母b一般讀/b/，但在climb

11、，comb，tomb，debt，doubt中位于m后或t前，這時(shí)b不發(fā)音。2字母n發(fā)/n/，例：fine，cent；詞尾是mn時(shí)，n一般不發(fā)音，例：autumn，col-umn；字母n在/k/、/g/ 音前發(fā)/ /，例：thank，language，bank，anxious，English。3字母組合ng在詞中時(shí)，一般發(fā)/ g/，例：longer，stronger，language，但在engineer，danger，change，orange之中的ng卻讀/nd/。但sing變?yōu)閟inger時(shí)，卻讀作/si /。4-sian，-cian，-sion，-tion的讀音（1）詞尾-sian，-c

12、ian讀/n/，這樣的詞主要有：Asian，ussian，Prussian，musi-cian等。（2）詞尾tion（sion）發(fā)/（）n/，例：education/edju（：）kein /，discussion等；但-tion在字母s后發(fā)/tn/，這樣的詞主要有：question，suggestion；-sion在元音字母后發(fā)/n/，主要有：conclusion，decision，revision，television等。5wh在一般情況下讀/hw/，例：white，wheat等，但wh在o前卻讀/h/，例：who，whom，whose，whole。8字母組合ch一般讀/t/，但在源出希臘

13、語的單詞ache，character，chemical，chemist，chemistry，school，stomach，technical，technique，technology中，ch發(fā)/k/。而在moustache中的ch讀/。9qu讀/kw/，例：require，quick。10以“ths”或“ths”結(jié)尾詞的讀音（1）在長元音和雙元音后，“ths”或“ths”讀作/z/。例：path/pa：/paths/pa：z/bath/ba：/baths/ba：z/mouth/mau/mouths/mauz/（2）在短元音或輔音（包括rth）后，ths或ths讀作/s/。例：months/mn

14、s/，lengths/les/births/b：s/，breaths/bres/（3）英語中有少數(shù)詞中的ths既可讀/s/又可讀作/z/。三、由于詞形變化、同源詞音節(jié)增減而引起讀音變化字母組合gh的讀音規(guī)則gh字母組合的讀音在中學(xué)英語課本中歸納起來主要有“發(fā)音”和“不發(fā)音”兩種情況。一、gh在下列三種情況下發(fā)音1gh在詞首時(shí)，讀作/g/。例：ghost/gust/2詞首為字母1，且后跟字母組合augh時(shí)，gh讀作/f/。例：laugh/laa：:;f/，laughter/laa：:ft/3詞尾為字母組合ough時(shí)，gh讀作/f/。例：enough /inf/，cough/kf/，rough/r

15、f/，tough/tf/二、gh在下列五種情況下不發(fā)音1gh在元音字母i后不發(fā)音。例：bright/brait/，fight/fait/，frighten/fraitn/，high/hai/，light/lait/，might/mait/，night/nait/，right/rait/，sight/sait/，slight/slait/2gh在元音字母組合ei和ai后不發(fā)音。例：eight/eit/，eighth/eit/，neighbor/neib/，straight/streit/，weigh/wei/，weight/weit/3gh在字母組合ought中不發(fā)音。例：bought/b：t/

16、，brought/br：t/，fought/f：t/，thought/：t/4字母組合augh前面不是1時(shí)，gh不發(fā)音。caught/k：t/，daughter/d：t/，naught/n：t/，naughty/n：ti/，taught/t：t/5詞尾為ough的詞，如以上所述，有的發(fā)/f/，但有時(shí)也不發(fā)音。例：although/：lu/，plough/plau/，through/ru：/，though/u/，thorough/r/注意：若gh不是字母組合，而是分屬于前后兩個(gè)不同的音節(jié)時(shí)，不適合以上規(guī)則。例：dininghall/dainih：l/字母組合th的讀音規(guī)則現(xiàn)就中學(xué)英語課本中出現(xiàn)的

17、含有字母組合th的單詞，進(jìn)行分類歸納，對(duì)其在單詞中的讀音總結(jié)以下幾條。1在th后以字母-er結(jié)尾的單詞中，th讀濁輔音/J/。例：altogether/：ltgeJ/，farther/fa J/，feather/fe J/，whether/we J/，either/ai J/，gather/g J/2一般情況下，在代詞、冠詞、介詞、連詞或副詞中的字母組合th，讀濁輔音/J/。例：within/wiJin/，without/wiJaut/，these/Ji：z/，therefore/Jf：/，al-though/：lJu/，those/ J uz/，the/ J/，thus/ Js/發(fā)音特殊的單

18、詞：through/ru：/，throughout/ru：aut/3字母組合th在數(shù)詞（包括基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞）中讀清輔音/。例：three/ri：/，thirty/：ti/，thirteen/：ti：n/，third/ ：d/，fourth/f ：/，fiftieth/fiftii /，thousand/auznd/，hundredth/hndrd/4除上述單詞外，一般位于詞首的th讀/。例：theatre/it/，thick/ik/，thin/in/，throat/rut/，theory/iri/，thrust/rst/，thread/red/，thorough/r/，Thursday/：zd

19、i/5以th結(jié)尾的單詞，th讀清輔音/。例：truth/tru：/，worth/w ：/，breath/bre/，both/bu/，cloth/kl/，path/pa ：/，wealth/wel/，length/le/，strength/stre/發(fā)音特殊的單詞，例：smooth/smu：J/6在復(fù)合詞中，th的讀音與在原詞中的讀音相同。例：something / smi/，anything/enii/，nothing/ni/還有前面提到的within，without等。7其他無規(guī)則可循的詞分列如下：maths/ms/，arithmetic/rimtik/，clothing/kluJi/，cl

20、othes/kluJz/，southern/sJn/，northern/n ：Jn，worthy/w：Ji/，author/：/，sympathy/simpi/與/g/的讀音區(qū)別位于詞中間的字母組合ng，有時(shí)讀作/ /，有時(shí)讀作/ g/。例：singer/si /，ringing/ri i /，anger/g/，stronger/str g/。這種ng什么情況下讀作/ /，什么情況下讀作/ g/呢？其規(guī)律是：1ng位于詞的中部，ng后邊的部分本來就是該詞的一部分，而不是根據(jù)某種變化需要加的后綴。這時(shí)ng讀作/ g/。例：finger/fi g/，hunger/h g/，hungry/hgry/

21、，linger/ling/，England/i glnd/，English/i gli/，Hungary/hgri/，language/l gwid/，lingual/li gwl/，distinguish/disti gwi/2以ng結(jié)尾的形容詞變比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)加-er或-est后，詞中的ng讀作/ g/。longer/lg/，longest/l gist/，stronger/str g/，strongest/strgist/，younger/j g/，youngest/jgist/3以ng結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞和名詞因某種變化需要加上后綴后，詞中的ng仍讀作/ /。例：things/i z/，sing

22、er/si /，hanger/h /，hanged/h d/，singing/si i /，ringing/ri i /，clinging/kli i /4如果一個(gè)詞既可作動(dòng)詞（或名詞），又可作形容詞，它作動(dòng)詞或名詞時(shí)加后綴以后，詞中的ng仍讀作/ /；它作形容詞時(shí)加-er或-est后詞中的ng讀作/ g/。例：long（v渴望）longing/l i /，long（a長的）longer/l g/-（e）s和-（e）d的讀音規(guī)則 一、大部分可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)及動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)的一般現(xiàn)在式，是以-（e）s結(jié)尾的，如：moths，glasses；digs，teaches等。其讀法是：1在清輔音后讀/s

23、/。例：months/mns/，cakes/keiks/，stops/stps/，laughs/la :fs/2在濁輔音及元音后讀/z/。例：girls/g：lz/，pictures/piktz/，potatoes/pteitz/，reads/ri：dz/，digs/digz/，cries/kraiz/3在/s/、/z/、/、/t/、/d/等音后-es發(fā)/iz/。例：glasses/gla：siz/，bridges/bridiz/，noses/nuziz/，teaches/ti：tiz/，wash-es/wiz/請(qǐng)注意下面這些詞單復(fù)數(shù)的發(fā)音變化：house/haus/houses/hauziz

24、/，mouth/mau/mouths/mauJz/二、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞中的-（e）d讀法是：1在清輔音（/t/除外）后讀/t/。例：asked/a：skt/，helped/helpt/，watched/wtt/，laughed/la：ft/2在濁輔音（/d/除外）和元音后讀/d/。例：livd/lived/，planned/plnd/，pulled/puld/；tired/taid/3在/t/、/d/后讀/id/。例：wanted/wntid/，sounded/saundid/_s發(fā)/s/的讀音規(guī)則 字母s的讀音有/s/、/z/、/、/這幾種，下面主要講講發(fā)/s/音的幾條規(guī)則。一、s

25、在詞首時(shí)，除了sugar，sure以及sh組合發(fā)/以外，其余一般發(fā)/s/。例：surface/s：fis/，serve/s：v/，seven/sevn/，six/siks/，some/sm/，sign/sain/比較：design/dizain/一般前綴，合成詞不影響其讀音。s仍讀成/s/。例：unsafe/nseif/，unsatisfactory/ntisfkttri/，roadside/rudsaid/，teaspoon/ti：spu：n/，snowstorm/snust：m/二、兩個(gè)s在詞尾時(shí)讀作/s/。例：grass，glass，address，press，success，pass，

26、miss，stress，across，swiss，puss，progress，process，kiss三、詞尾s在u后讀作/s/。例：bus/bs/，us/s/，minus/mains/，abacus/bks/，plus/pls/，status/steits/，virus/vairs/四、在sis組合的弱讀中，兩個(gè)s都讀作/s/。例：emphasis/emfsis/，analysis=nlsis/，thesis/：sis/，crisis/kraisis/五、s在字母c前常讀作/s/。例：muscle/msl/，discipline/disiplin/，science/sains/六、s在某些前

27、后綴中讀作/s/。1在前綴mis-，dis-中，s讀作/s/。例：mismanage/?mismniDN/，misjudge/?misDNDN/，misbelieve/?misbil：v/，disorder/dis：d/，disobey/disdei/2在后綴sive，sity，self，-some，-sy中，s讀作/s/。例：expensive/ikspensiv/，intensive/intensiv/，decisive/disaisiv/yourself/j：self/，handsome/hnsm/，troublesome/trblsm/，tiresome/taism/，quarrels

28、ome/kwrlsm/七、s在清輔音前后常讀作/s/。1s在清輔音前常讀作/s/。例：honest/：nist/，newspaper/nju:?speip/，task/ta：sk/，satisfy/stisfai/，grasp/gra：sp/2s在清輔音后常讀作/s/。例：sportsman/sp：tsmn/，works/w：ks/，stops/stps/，roofs/ru:fs/八、詞尾se在字母r，l，n后讀作/s/。例：horse/h：s/，nurse/n：s/，worse/w：s/，course/k：s/，universe/ju:nivs/，pulse/pls/，else/els/，t

29、ense/tens/，sense/sens/讀/ei/音的字母（組合）規(guī)則 1a在開音節(jié)中讀/ei/。例：face/feis/，plane/plein/。再如：place race space grade trade age page cake shake lake make take wake snakepale tale sale game lame name shame same shape tape phase Kate fate hate date gatelate state skate plate cave save wave slave brave baby lady lazy

30、 paper nature Asia abletable native awake mistake translate persuade potato2a在tion前讀/ei/。例：nation/nein/，station/stein/。再如：relation situation graduation education population information operation libera-tion celebration pronunciation congratulation examination imagination3ai讀作/ei/。例：maid/meid/，remain

31、/rimein/。再如：例：wait waist strait straight raise praise tail fail sail nail rail aim pain chainmain gain rain plain train grain brain paint dail mainly railway waiter tailor sailorfailure4ay讀作/ei/。例：spray/sprei/，bayonet/beinit/。再如：day hay lay play may ay pay way stay gray tray maybe daytime daylight p

32、lay-ground today delay away5eigh讀作/ei/。例：eight/eit/，freight/freit/。再如：eighth weigh weight eighty neighbour6ey讀作/ei/。例：grey/grei/，hey/hei/，they/Jei/，obey/bei/7a在nge前讀/ei/。例：change/teind/，strange/streind/，stranger/streind/，danger/deind/，dangerous/deindrs/8在以下單詞中，ea讀/ei/。例：break/breik/，great/greit/_讀/!

33、：/音的字母（組合）規(guī)則 1e在開音節(jié)中讀/!：/。例：be/b!：/，metre/m!：t/。再如：he she me we eve these scene Negro Chinese complete Japanese kilometre ap-preciate2ea常讀作/!：/。例：lead/l!：d/，scream/skr!：m/。再如：sea tea cheap eat seat heat beat meat neat wheat treat peace east beast leastweak speak leaf each teach reach lead read leagu

34、e leave weave please pleased breathedeal meal steal team steam stream dream lean clean mean easy teacher leader eagerweaver speaker season reason meaning repeat defeat increase easily European reason-able3ee讀作/!：/。例：feel/f!：l/，sleep/sl!：p/。再如：see bee knee flee free three keep sheep deep jeep weep sw

35、eep sheet meet sweepstreet week speech feed seed deed need speed sleeve freeze reel steel seem queengreen screen feeling freel freedom freezing meeting indeed between seventeen4ie讀作/!：/。例：piece/p!：s/，thief/!：f/。再如：field，belief，believe，achieve，achievement5在輔音字母s，c后面，ei讀/!：/。例：seize/s!：z/，ceiling/s!：l

36、i/，receive/ris!：v/6在一些單詞中，i讀如e的長元音，即/!：/。例：police/pl!：s/，technique/teknk/，machine/m!：n/，magazine/mgz!：n/7字母組合eo中的o往往不發(fā)音而讀作/!：/。例：people/p!：pl/。讀/ai/音的字母（組合）規(guī)則 1字母i在開音節(jié)中讀/ai/。例：slide/slaid/，tiny/taini/。再如： ice nice rice twice price side hide ride wide pride life knife wife bike like ikestrike pipe wi

37、pe kite white write quite five drive dive pile mile while smile time finepine shine line mine nine wine Friday ninety China writer driver silence recite exciteinvite polite unite advice surprise besides decide aside arrive behind bicycle dialogueexcite unite2在in，igh，ind，ild等字母組合中，i讀作/ai/。例：high/hai/

38、，kind/kaind/。再如：tight fight sight light might night right slight flight bright sign climb child wildfind mind blind ninth tightly slightly fighter frighten childhood kindness tonight de-sign_讀/u/音的字母（組合）規(guī)則 1o在開音節(jié)中讀作/u /。例：go/gu/，photo/futu/。再如：go no hope rope note chock joke smoke role close globe s

39、tove nose rose thoseclose pole hole whole home stone bone total noble programme notice ago hello alonedevote suppose2oa讀作/u/。例：soap/sup/，coat/kut/。再如：boat goat float throat coast road coal roadside3ou有時(shí)讀作/u/。例：soul shoulder although though4ow有時(shí)讀/u/。例：show/u/，low/lu/。再如：know row flow slow blow snow t

40、hrow grow bowl own slowly lower owner注意：ow在詞尾的非重讀音節(jié)中也讀/u/。如：arrow/ru/，narrow/nru/，sparrow borrow sorrow fellow yellow shallowwindow5在ld和st前，o讀作/u/。例：old cold hold scold gold post most soldier讀/ ju:/音的字母（組合）規(guī)則 1u在開音節(jié)中讀/ ju: /。例：use（n）/ju:s/，use（v）/ju:z/，refuse/rifju:z/。再如：huge Tuesday duty suger futu

41、re reduce produce excuse universe introduce注意：在少數(shù)單詞的非重讀音節(jié)中，u讀作/ju:/或/ju/。如：communism/kmjunizm/，communist/kmjunist/，institute/institju:t/，unite/ju:nait/，value/vlju:/2字母組合ui有時(shí)讀/ju:/。例：suit/sju:t/。3ew有時(shí)讀/ju:/。例：few/fju:/，new/nju:/，news/nju:z/，newspaper/nju:speip/，newsreel/nju:zrl/讀/u:/音的字母（組合）規(guī)則 1u在開音節(jié)

42、中有時(shí)讀作/u:/。例：rule/ru:l/，June/du:n/。再如：true blue rude salute pollute conclude include revolutionary2co讀作/u:/。例：too/tu:/，choose/tu:z/。再如：zoo troop shoot boot root loose tooth food smooth pool tool cool fool school roomsoon moon noon foolish schoolboy schoolgirl foolishly schoolmaster3ou有時(shí)讀作/u:/。例：group

43、/gru:p/，through/ru:/。再如：youth route wound wounded4在開音節(jié)中，o有時(shí)讀作/u:/。例：do/du:/，who/hu:/，whose/hu:z/，lose/lu:z/，move/mu:v/，prove/pru:v/5ew有時(shí)讀作/u:/。例：Jew/du:/，jewel/du:/，chew/tu:/，crew/kru:/6oe在詞末，有時(shí)讀作/u:/。例：shoe/u，canoe/knu:/讀/音的字母（組合）規(guī)則 1a在閉音節(jié)中讀/。例：back/bk/，flash/fl/。再如：cap map wrap cat fat hat bat rat

44、 that flat Jack back black track tax gas masscatch hatch match snatch ash add sad bad mad glad bag rag flag drag shall camplamp stamp fan can man plan ant sand hand land stand grand hang thank bank rankFrank gather travel jacket habit rapid practice plastic plastics Paris captain action ab-sent came

45、l candle planet blanket mankind handsome grandson angry anger thankfulanxious perhaps exact satellite satisfy passenger family handwriting handkerchief ex-actly imagine understand reality2在ll，mm，nn，pp，rr，tt前面，a有時(shí)讀作/。例：scatter/skt/，marry/mri/。再如：valley shallow ally Allan challenge hammer grammar mann

46、er channel bannerapple happy happen carry arrow narrow sparrow carriage barrel matter cattle battle讀/e/音的字母（組合）規(guī)則 1e在閉音節(jié)中讀/ e /。例：bed/bed/，spend/spend/。再如：step set debt get jet let net wet yet check neck yes flesh fresh pest test chestbest rest west desk left text next bed red Fred egg beg leg help

47、them pen ten henthen when fetch bench French end send bend lend spend length strength very everclever whether never expert desert metal special western question second elder help-ful seldom welcome empty member empire temple chemist Henry gently plentytwenty enter centre entrance splendid upset forg

48、et accept inspect protect elect collectcorrect connect direct suggest hotel myself percent invent attend separate separatelyrecognize exercise technical yesterday February medical chemical chemistry memorycentury gentleman connected directly direction correctly however forever togetherNovember expen

49、sive attention invention attentively development America2e在ll前讀/e/。例：bell/bel/，tell/tel/。再如：smell sell shell well fellow yellow rebellion spell spelling umbrella3e在nn前讀/e/。例：penny/peni/，Jenny/deni/，tennis/tenis/4e在rr前讀/e/。例：merry/meri/，errand/ernd/，terrible/teribl/，terrify/terifai/5e在ss前讀/e/。例：less/

50、les/，dress/dres/。再如：essay depression message possession press pressure procession progress lessonsuccess express oppress impress address unless professor successful expression6e在tt前讀/e/。例：Betty better letter settle7ea有時(shí)讀/e/。例：head/hed/，instead/insted/。再如：sweat deaf death breath dead thread bread spr

51、ead health wealth ready healthyweather measure pleasure haven peasant breakfast ahead instead already讀/e/音的字母（組合）規(guī)則 1e在閉音節(jié)中讀/ e /。例：bed/bed/，spend/spend/。再如：step set debt get jet let net wet yet check neck yes flesh fresh pest test chestbest rest west desk left text next bed red Fred egg beg leg hel

52、p them pen ten henthen when fetch bench French end send bend lend spend length strength very everclever whether never expert desert metal special western question second elder help-ful seldom welcome empty member empire temple chemist Henry gently plentytwenty enter centre entrance splendid upset fo

53、rget accept inspect protect elect collectcorrect connect direct suggest hotel myself percent invent attend separate separatelyrecognize exercise technical yesterday February medical chemical chemistry memorycentury gentleman connected directly direction correctly however forever togetherNovember exp

54、ensive attention invention attentively development America2e在ll前讀/e/。例：bell/bel/，tell/tel/。再如：smell sell shell well fellow yellow rebellion spell spelling umbrella3e在nn前讀/e/。例：penny/peni/，Jenny/deni/，tennis/tenis/4e在rr前讀/e/。例：merry/meri/，errand/ernd/，terrible/teribl/，terrify/terifai/5e在ss前讀/e/。例：les

55、s/les/，dress/dres/。再如：essay depression message possession press pressure procession progress lessonsuccess express oppress impress address unless professor successful expression6e在tt前讀/e/。例：Betty better letter settle7ea有時(shí)讀/e/。例：head/hed/，instead/insted/。再如：sweat deaf death breath dead thread bread s

56、pread health wealth ready healthyweather measure pleasure haven peasant breakfast ahead instead already讀/i/音的字母（組合）規(guī)則 1i在閉音節(jié)中讀/i/。例：gift/gift/，visit/vizit/。再如：ship trip whip lip hit pick kick sick thick trick quick stick if kiss miss iss thisits rich which fish dish wish Smith strict fix six mix gif

57、t lift list fifth sixth lid ridsing king thing ring wing bring spring string pig big dig is his bridge with him Jimswim ill skill silk milk film skin print since pitty city silly fifty bitter mirror sisterwhisper figure picture mixture little middle whistle listen chicken prison distant dif-ferent d

58、ifference ticket minute Christmas British village Silver illness simple simplywindy instant finger thinker singer single kingdom equip permit unfit resist exist for-bid until begin fisherman liberate prisoner villager interesting cinema industry assis-tant consider continue composition2i在v和rr前讀作/i/。

59、例：give/giv/，forgive/fgiv/，live/liv/，living/livi/，river/riv/，mirror/mir/3y讀作/i/。例：physical/fizikl/，history/histri/。再如：Olympic sympathy physics physicist pyramid Egyptian4注意：在非重讀音節(jié)中，e讀/i/。例：carpet/ka：pit/，cinema/sinim/，college/klid/，necessary/nessri/，planet/pnit/，ticket/tikit/，kindness/kaindnis/讀/音的字母

60、（組合）規(guī)則 1o在閉音節(jié)中讀/。例：job/jb/，strong/str/。再如：top shop stop crop drop pot hot shop spot rot off boss cross cloth lock knockrock clock fox box soft cost rob god frog dog Tom fond song long wrong copy coffeesoftly body sorry offer proper doctor dollar honour concert obert follow sorrow bor-row bottle mode