名詞的用法及歸納

1、PAGE PAGE 7名詞的用法及歸納名詞：表示人、事物或抽象概念的名稱的詞。一、名詞的分類類別用法例詞普通名詞表示一類人、或東西、或一個(gè)抽象概念的名詞可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞表示某類人或東西中的個(gè)體pen, student, desk, book, bike集體名詞表示若干個(gè)個(gè)體組成的集合體family, class, people, school不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞表示無法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物air, water, paper抽象名詞表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念work, time, news專有名詞表示某個(gè)（些）人、地方、機(jī)構(gòu)等專有的名稱（注意：這類詞的中心詞的第一個(gè)字母要大寫）翻譯：長城 ；湯

2、姆 ；中國 二、名詞的數(shù)1.可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成： 變形規(guī)則寫出以下詞語的復(fù)數(shù)形式1、一般情況下，在詞尾加sbook 2、ch, sh, s, x .+ eswatch , box 3、o + es （動(dòng)植物） tomato , potato o + s （非動(dòng)植物）photo , radio 4、元音字母（a, e, i, o, u）+ y + s boy ; holiday ; monkey （輔音字母） .+ y .iesstudy ; technology 5、f, fe veswife . ; leaf 6、雙重復(fù)數(shù) 變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)：a woman nurse 變?yōu)?/p>

3、復(fù)數(shù)：a man doctor 國民的復(fù)數(shù)形式：國別復(fù)數(shù)形式Chinese / Japanese （中日）Englishman / Frenchman / （英法）American/ Australian/ German, etc. / / （其他）2.不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，若表示確定數(shù)量時(shí)，一般用“數(shù)詞 + 量詞 + of + 不可數(shù)名詞”?！纠}】翻譯以下詞組：兩杯水： ； 兩條新聞： ； 兩張紙： ； 幾片面包： ；兩袋大米： ； 有些名詞既可作可數(shù)名詞也可作不可數(shù)名詞，但詞義有所不同。不可數(shù)名詞詞義可數(shù)名詞詞義不可數(shù)名詞詞義可數(shù)名詞詞義fruit水果fruits food食物fo

4、ods fish魚fishes drink飲料、酒a drink cloth布a cloth sand沙sands chicken雞肉a chicken orange橘汁an orange glass玻璃glasses paper紙a paper wood木頭woods room空間a room 4.數(shù)量的表示：修飾可數(shù)名詞a few 一點(diǎn)蘋果： （肯定）few (幾乎沒有) 一點(diǎn)蘋果： （否定）many 許多人： a (great) number of 大量學(xué)生： 修飾不可數(shù)名詞a little 一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)面包： （肯定）little (幾乎沒有）一點(diǎn)面包： （否定）much 許多大米： (la

5、rge) amounts of大量的水資源： a great deal of 許多錢： 既修飾可數(shù)名詞 又修飾不可數(shù)名詞a lot of = lots of 許多羊： （只用于肯定）plenty of 大量的信息： some一些故事： any一些錯(cuò)誤： enough足夠的食物： 三、名詞的所有格1.有生命的名詞所有格，以及表示時(shí)間、距離、城鎮(zhèn)、國家等的名詞所有格： 不是以s結(jié)尾的名詞變成所有格時(shí)，在詞尾加s?！纠}】：麥克的手表： 以s結(jié)尾的名詞變成所有格時(shí)，只加。【例題】：老師們的辦公室： ； 兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞并列，表示共同所有，只需在最后一個(gè)名詞后加s?！纠}】：湯姆和麥克的房間： ;

6、杰克和瑪麗的姐姐： ; 兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞并列，表示分別所有，需在幾個(gè)名詞后都加s?！纠}】：瑪麗的自行車和湯姆的自行車： 湯姆的姐姐和麥克的姐姐： 在表示“店鋪、某某家、診所”的名詞所有格后面，一般省去被修飾的名詞。【例題】：在他弟弟家： ；在醫(yī)生的診所里： ；在史密斯先生家： ； 用所有格表示時(shí)間或距離的方法：【例題】：開車十分鐘的路程： ；一個(gè)月的假期： ；兩周的工作： 用所有格表示節(jié)日的方法。如：Teachers Day；Childrens Day注意：除了父親節(jié)和母親節(jié)（Mothers Day、Fathers Day），其他節(jié)日都用名詞復(fù)數(shù)的所有格表示。 【例題】：婦女節(jié)： ; 兒童

7、節(jié)： ; 2.無生命的事物的名詞所有格，常用of結(jié)構(gòu)。【例題】：一張中國地圖： ；這個(gè)游戲的開始 ；這個(gè)房間的門： 3.特殊形式：1）可用s和of短語表示的名詞所有格：【例題】：用of短語表示：the boys name= ；Chinas population= 2）雙重所有格?！纠}】：我媽媽的一個(gè)朋友： ；湯姆的一張照片： 練習(xí)選擇題A：（數(shù)）1. In the picture there are many _ and two _.A. sheep, foxesB. sheeps, foxC. sheeps, foxes D. sheep, foxs2. In Britain, _ are

8、 all painted red.A. letter boxesB. letters boxesC. letter boxD letters box3.Please remember to give the horse some tree _.A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave4.Can we have some _?Yes, please.A. banana B. oranges C. apple D. pear5.They got much _ from those new books.A. ideas B. photos C. information

9、D. stories 6.What would you like to have for lunch, sir?Id like _. A. chicken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken7.Children should make _ for old people in a bus.A. room B. a room C. rooms D. the room8.Tables are made of _.A. wood B. some woods C. wooden D. woods9. There are four _ and two _ in

10、the group.A. Japanese, GermenB. Japaneses, GermenC. Japanese, GermansD. Japanese, Germens10. A group of _ will visit the museum tomorrow. A. Hungarian B. Australian C. Japanese D. American11.There are sixty-seven _ in our school.A. womens teacher B. women teachers C. woman teachers D. women teacher1

11、2.There are five _ in our factory.A. woman driver B. women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers13.Would you like _ tea?No, thanks. I have drunk two _.A. any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange C. many, bottles of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges14.He is hungry. Give him _ to eat.A. tw

12、o breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads15.Can you give me _?A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D. a cup of tea 16.John bought _ for himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes17.What _ lovely weather

13、it is!A. / B. the C. an D. a18.He gave us _ on how to keep fit.A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice19.It really took him _ to draw the nice horse.A. sometimes B. hour C. long time D. some time20.She was very happy. She in the maths test.A. makes a few mistakeB. made a few mistakes

14、C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake選擇題B：（所有格）1. March 8th is _ Day.A. Womans B. WomensC. WomansD. Women2.Is the broom under _ desk? No, its under _.A. the teachers; my B. teachers; mine C. teachers; me D. the teachers; mine3.Excuse me, where is the _?A. mens room B. mens room C. mens rooms D.

15、men rooms4.The football under the bed is _.A. Lily and Lucy B. Lilys and Lucys C. Lilys and Lucy D. Lily and Lucys5.His bag is nicer than _ in his class.A. any other studentB. the other studentsC. any other studentsD. any students6.Joan is _. A. Marys and Jack sisterB. Mary and Jacks sister C. Mary

16、and Jack sister D. Marys and Jacks sister7.In a few _ time, those mountains will be covered with trees. A. year B. years C. years D. years8.The post office is a bit far from here. Its about_.A. thirty minutess walkB. thirty minutes walk C. thirty minutes walk D. thirty minutes walk9.Please take two

17、_.A. picture of the park B. pictures of the park C. the pictures of a parkD. picture of a park10.Miss Smith is a friend of _.A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. mothers of Mary D. Mary mothers附加題：1. We could see _ children and hear _ noise in the park.A. many, many B. much, much C. many, much D. muc

18、h, many2.Computers can do _ work in a short time, but a man cannot do _ by himself.A. great many; manyB. much; a great manyC. a great deal of; muchD. many; a great many3.In her letter Aunt Mary told us many _ about her visit to Japan.A. newsB. storiesC. advicesD. idea4.Mr. Li often gives us _ by e-m

19、ail.A. some good informationsB. some good informationC. good informationsD. a good information5. Can I help you, sir?Id like to have 100 _. I want the students to draw pictures on them.A. piece of paper B. pieces of paper C. papers D. paper6.They want three _.A. loaf breadB. loaf of breadC. loaves b

20、readD. loaves of bread7. September 10th is _ Day.A. the Teacher B. Teachers C. Teacher D. Teachers8.Those nice cars are those famous _.A. dancersB. dancersC. dancers D. dancer9. The two desks here are _. You may use the desk over there.A. Mary and Jane B. Marys and Janes C. Mary and JanesD. Marys an

21、d Janes10. How far is it from your office to your flat? Its about _.A. 20 minutes walkB. 20-minutes walkC. walk 20 minutesD. 20 minutes walk11. Im going to help _ with _ English.A. a friend of Nancy, hersB. a friend of Nancys, herC. a friend of Nancys, hersD. a friend of Nancy, her12._ that pair of new _ expensive?A. Is, shoeB. Are, shoeC. Is shoesD. Are, shoes13._ leaving for Beij