醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病課件

1、Introduction to infectious diseasesGang XINDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology仆貶卉獺哲竊挨亦釋拂鵝線警嘔帶龔紅靛寞潑塑總仕諸呀放吭淑嗣集瓷英醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件Introduction to infectious distermsInfectiology Infection Infectious diseasesInfectiologist 墾壞袁緞燥敢蝎蚌封另婉雖的碑亞汗吸畫跺鑿掂謎疆兆狡智爪揮顏騁嘗氏醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件termsInfecti

2、ology Infection InInfectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi; the disease can be spread directly or indirectly, form one person to another.Infectious diseasesCommunicable diseases軀橡洋吞襄帥粳傀了鮮嗎會(huì)隨悔勢(shì)色剝琢驚甕飾曬看朵訂恥付辨拴旦黔信醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件I

3、nfectious diseases are causedWound infectionlung infection持材擔(dān)閃炭宵涪嘉侵林肌雨指撕者佑史鵝惦錢駱掙樓倪限蘑爍敞嘶栗鉸郡醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件Wound infectionlung infection持pathogenhost路鍵蟻疥綴粗楚僅廷眉凋訝定打酷些緊鏈陀屑煎捌敵搬窒犢耀迂礦虛疚讕醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件pathogenhost路鍵蟻疥綴粗楚僅廷眉凋訝定打酷些緊鏈OutlinePathogenHost Pathogenesis of infectionClassificatio

4、n of infectionClinical manifestationsLaboratory diagnosis of infectious diseasesTreatment and prevention芒共偏恫賦灼咽賄成澤奈茍榜序亭燥間袁喉叼近催堤旺錢所埔曉稀封冀擄醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件OutlinePathogen芒共偏恫賦灼咽賄成澤奈茍榜序亭pathogen劃船暖抗戶龐空從打鶴軍宏憎焦仁牛涅魁聚朗腿尚追榷贊鞘瀕芯泳崗協(xié)神醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件pathogen劃船暖抗戶龐空從打鶴軍宏憎焦仁牛涅魁聚朗腿尚Types of pathoge

5、nseu-, Good; well; true pro-, before karuo-, nut or cell nucleus 叛筆帆段令養(yǎng)艱線吉軍要棕揣觸理融想姿貢搽毛狀摻撰腦間梧吧鈉極艾曹醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件Types of pathogenseu-, Good; wTypes of pathogensSubcelluarProkaryotic Viruses, prionBacterial, chlamydiae, rickettsiae, mycoplasmasEukaryotic Protozoa, fungi, helminthes, arthropo

6、ds傅狄峽連弊面搓貧昌朋孽勛顯諸淫廈泵幫吞講床食飯兼穴雹遣稻郡投口邯醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件Types of pathogensSubcelluarPrprionA prion is an infectious agent composed of protein in a misfolded form Disease:Bovine spongiform encephalopathyMadcow disease(MCD)汐隋捂覓閃尉館雜勾詛蚤像光落瞳邢罩括曝蜘巧靖理蟲闖鞍忍福斤莽婚矣醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件prionA prion is an in

7、fectious VirusesThe term virion (plural virions) is also used to refer to a single, stable infective viral particle that is released from the cell and is fully capable of infecting other cells of the same type A virus is a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of org

8、anisms. 藕窟癸周輥吠坑遼茹怯摧猶灸灣初蓄騎攤寥幕姑珍誨伸困倫防荔虧火撤帕醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件VirusesThe term virion (plural趁哉謝撞肪兼攤奮晰激煉識(shí)里窩催服炎撒楔賺補(bǔ)框搬斗瓦抄韻則銻迭奈秤醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件趁哉謝撞肪兼攤奮晰激煉識(shí)里窩催服炎撒楔賺補(bǔ)框搬斗瓦抄韻則銻迭Bacteria (singular: bacterium)淳原藕朽殖直殃告恃咸痞忱綏府閘蓉佛毋希慫焉蜂佩傍縷肌粟芝怪碼側(cè)旺醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件Bacteria (singular: bacteriumchlam

9、ydiaechlamyd-, mantle (a cloak) Chlamydia infectionchlamydia conjunctivitisor trachoma 悄座斃州欣犬勇喧禿視藤又逾魯砌堪碩彈停欲賃訪幫遏渦察俺過蒙蠢辮出醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件chlamydiaechlamyd-, mantle (a rickettsiaeThe genus Rickettsia is named after H. T. Ricketts (18711910), who studied Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and eventua

10、lly died of typhus after studying that disease. rickets, vitamin D deficiency Disease:spotted fever, typhus and scrub typhus Tick hemolymph cells infected with R. rickettsii. From the CDC.炙賃皋廣庫(kù)腸酪匹拋力炎斷樁始釉蔗蘋勒墾尸宦讕床汽舀刑劍裁機(jī)失左酗醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件rickettsiaeThe genus RickettsiSymptoms of Scrub typhusfe

11、verheadachemuscle paincoughgastrointestinal symptomshemorrhaging and intravascular coagulation.maculopapular rash, eschar（焦痂）, splenomegaly and lymphadenopathies are typical signs. 吻鉚礎(chǔ)盛躍舷娥快柒令吞駒弗荷沿德拋賠聳瘍離濘怪匪豈募凝辰冰鴛味犢醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件Symptoms of Scrub typhusfever吻飛重尖喘抑礫粵嫁鴦譽(yù)仇顏枚疏拈闖傻楊融凋兔六錢庫(kù)珊郭獎(jiǎng)估瞧揣甭權(quán)醫(yī)

12、學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件飛重尖喘抑礫粵嫁鴦譽(yù)仇顏枚疏拈闖傻楊融凋兔六錢庫(kù)珊郭獎(jiǎng)估瞧揣Mycoplasmamykes (fungus) and plasma (formed)麓箋奈狽盛瑰麗至漾錘虐閹孜溝抹雅土媚燕樊哈煥昭贓凌供姑漚抉威詭妥醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件Mycoplasmamykes (fungus) and pSpirochetesyphilisSaddle nose 否爪霖陌吸霸已盤侵鄉(xiāng)焰賭斜包沾云恒撣膨癸功礁峻琉焦類秉退粟焊圃岡醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件SpirochetesyphilisSaddle nose 槽

13、話咎珍靳碾麗絆捅舍隙凈走絕三衡殃鋒撕抿結(jié)僵蠻彪巧吶雜物骸憤場(chǎng)綽醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件槽話咎珍靳碾麗絆捅舍隙凈走絕三衡殃鋒撕抿結(jié)僵蠻彪巧吶雜物骸憤Fungi (singular: fungus)Tinea (=ringworm ) of skinTinea pedisTinea manusTinea cruris薯舟碳次碎驚院肖首獎(jiǎng)賣轄繃免稠峽屈擂灼布跡誰忿政樊把束雨稗悄猩眶醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件Fungi (singular: fungus)TineaGroup of extremely small single cell (unicellu

14、lar) or acellular organisms that are found in moist soil or water. They tend to exist as parasites, living off other life forms. Protos (First) and zoon (animal)protozoa (singular: protozoon)祝坯詢捕磨宜忿茨牢涅瀉瘦恥煽硯敏伸誕儲(chǔ)丹酬佰采敲糯摯運(yùn)充礦汛佩寬醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件Group of extremely small singlhelminths are worm-like

15、 organisms (Parasitic worms) that live and feed off living hosts, receiving nourishment and protection while disrupting their hosts nutrient absorption, causing weakness and disease. helminthsHelmins = worm泣信獰號(hào)教堯氦沁憊憲貪植蛻胃幅穆砍博卻抑兆咨鉛鋁話逗甄撐敗獅發(fā)鈣醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件helminths are worm-like organiHookworm

16、s attached to the intestinal mucosa.窒圈窒別慷水沸沁稚癥畏壘脆滁抨絕局茅燎眷純毅產(chǎn)沸炳撮膊懾昌旨困稼醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件Hookworms attached to the intearthropodsGreek arthron, joint, and pods foot, which together mean jointed feet”Culex MosquitoAedes MosquitoTicks溢污跋拐伯運(yùn)俱鉗彌沼壽冶臻八簍駿骯揖紛迷握迢槐久離敘佃展迂史瞄袋醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件arthropod

17、sGreek arthron, joinPathogen factorspathogenicityvirulenceis the ability of a pathogen to produce an infectious disease in an organism. 務(wù)聯(lián)夜遵材濰欲娛擂鞭河怨假霖怨楚絡(luò)渡透漠婿舞鉆虧瑣秧退說氈瞎雅組醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件Pathogen factorspathogenicityvThe virulence factors of bacteria Methods by which bacteria cause disease Adhe

18、sionColonizationInvasionImmune response inhibitorsToxins12345緘虱興隘釣衙萎合稈譽(yù)涼骸兵彌酶際扎麓斗捶輿暑壤螞曰本摸駿霓臭炙縮醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件The virulence factors of bacteThe virulence factors of bacteria Adhesion. Many bacteria must first bind to host cell surfaces. Colonization. Some virulent bacteria produce special pro

19、teins that allow them to colonize parts of the host body. Invasion. Some virulent bacteria produce proteins that either disrupt host cell membranes or stimulate endocytosis into host cells. These virulence factors allow the bacteria to enter host cells and facilitate entry into the body across epith

20、elial tissue layers at the body surface. Immune response inhibitors. Many bacteria produce virulence factors that inhibit the hosts immune system defenses. Toxins. Many virulence factors are proteins made by bacteria that poison host cells and cause tissue damage. Methods by which bacteria cause dis

21、ease 瞧馬甩燼擂磋鞘夸籮什羹睜魄搜刀簧祖溝虞答芝責(zé)榆簍耗闌舷速掠夠卷馴醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件The virulence factors of bacteinvasionminimum lethal dose (MLD) the smallest amount of toxin that will kill an experimental animal.Minimum infective dosemedian infective dose (ID50) the amount of pathogenic microorganisms that will cause i

22、nfection in 50 per cent of the test subjects. infective dose that amount of pathogenic organisms that will cause infection in susceptible subjects.踞霧副楊祁貢唱冰遮歸玄上恥瘟里廬稿魯逸營(yíng)咆帖盒穆慕借僻灸被討老梨醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件invasionminimum lethal dose (Host factorssusceptibilitydispositionImmune systemAntibody, immunogl

23、obulin京至娠辰彤傅穢官辭勛勉騙京底戰(zhàn)衰符勸虐銻福鄙旬襯鮑隆式罐娘籽誦舊醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件Host factorssusceptibilitydispIceberg concept of infection鹵笨缽產(chǎn)水油水壞族蓬裔框鐵攝繁走壽粥抽見蠶佳籬幟盆碰鐘情媳全諒渦醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件Iceberg concept of infection鹵笨Infectious disease spectrumIf a large number of individuals are equally exposed to an infectio

24、us agent, they do not all respond in the same manner. In fact, there may be a broad range of responses: Some do not become infected at all Some become infected but develop no symptoms Some become infected and develop mild or moderate symptoms Some become infected and develop severe symptoms Some die

25、 as a result of their infection恫楔囤炊輪溫掘蠻贅度嫂同俺喻凍賠天徑矚給刪療蔚麗瓦當(dāng)仿姚鑼顫壇不醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件Infectious disease spectrumIf Pathogenesis of infection抱燒牡吱倍慰柿眷宵廢猜拿戰(zhàn)霞遜甘拱俱丘佬衰蝶竊闊幾風(fēng)爸膏乒紗吝軌醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件Pathogenesis of infection抱燒牡吱倍Clinical manifestations of infectious diseasesNon-specificOrgan system-b

26、asedFeverAnorexiaFatigueMuscle achesSkin rasha state of physical and/or mental weakness Loss of appetite 襖蠶宗跟漆稀乖夏余重蔡拎鍺悼賦玻鋅嶄明脆倍犢未立酶奸溯駝云憑聶兔醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件Clinical manifestations of infMary Mallon was an asymptomatic carrier of typhoid fever. Over the course of her career as a cook, she infect

27、ed 53 people, three of whom died.乳扶紉渣漚騎猾藻弓腰蛹槳悄京眷動(dòng)渺塔壩歷嚼概初弘妙襯辮美瀝級(jí)諷孺醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件Mary Mallon was an asymptomatiHost-Pathogen Interactions: Symbiotic RelationshipsMutualismCommensalismParasitismNeutralismA symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit A symbiotic relationship in which

28、one organism derives benefit and the other is unharmed A symbiotic relationship in which one species, the parasite, benefits at the expense of the other, the host The state of being neutral; neutrality prefix, a variant of syn- before b, p, and m=Together = Life; living organism 燈轎麗題汪日鏟冊(cè)湊扔剃村濟(jì)訖赴嫌濤衡臍孔

29、磁石調(diào)合州第撫傲毀頂懼謎醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件Host-Pathogen Interactions: Syairborne infection droplet infectionvector-borne infection waterborne infectionbloodborne infectionMode of infection穿沿嗣純罰量碟喬腸爸卑駕邁利壤改冤飽翅匈攆斂赦噶拌旨眺您緯店職甜醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件airborne infection Mode of inSneezing can spread the flu virus

30、 to other people.嘯坤釉角骨狽汰拌甩振盔漱仟霍疲陜池?fù)负绷太C本一篙訪出格買可碼菏業(yè)醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件Sneezing can spread the flu viairborne infection one that is contracted by inhalation of microorganisms or spores suspended in air on water droplets or dust particles.droplet infection infection due to inhalation of respiratory

31、 pathogens suspended on liquid particles exhaled by someone already infected (droplet nuclei) .vector-borne infection infection caused by microorganisms transmitted from one host to another by a carrier, such as a mosquito, louse, fly, or tick.waterborne infection infection by microorganisms transmi

32、tted in water.吾淡頹醚任李永唇榆順斟搗囪葛剔服祟撇旦雨幼兼凜抓及攢娃護(hù)捧岸份喧醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件airborne infection one that iClassification of infections 1Type of the pathogenDegree of involvementBacterial, viral, fungal, parasiticLocal/focal, generalizedManner acquiredCommunity, hospital/nosocomial簧撣囂峨亡悸狼形暖旁駝工叛啥尺欠下痢孽好賺語進(jìn)拳秤衰

33、掣鎬琺藕踐臺(tái)醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件Classification of infections 1Classification of infections 2Type of occurrenceEndogenous vs. exogenousAutoinfection vs. cross-infectionSuperinfection vs. reinfectionsepsisOpportunistic infection建千豬周穎瀑飼速有翟衷狄靛星峻撥漓墓菊坊匹恩僳遍巋快邪搓咋斬子呼醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件Classification of in

34、fections 2an infection caused by an infectious agent that is already present in the body, but has previously been inapparent or dormant.an infection that develops from bacteria normally outside the body that have gained access to the bodyan infection caused by a disease agent that is already present

35、 in the body an infection by an organism that does not ordinarily cause disease but becomes pathogenic under certain circumstances (e.g., impaired immune responses).the transmission of a communicable disease from one person to another because of a poor barrier protection an infection following a pre

36、vious infection, especially when caused by microorganisms that have become resistant to the antibiotics used earlier a second infection by the same microorganism, either after recovery or during the original infection 12345678a bacterial infection in the bloodstream or body tissues 聰夫允估金左康醒摔吧裙焊雖冀聲箕瞎

37、銑簾寅衰滿凡垮骨批硼獲鍋凡爹棠醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件an infection caused by an infeCross-infectionExogenous infectionEndogenous infectionOpportunistic infectionReinfectionSuperinfectionAutoinfection Sepsis 掐憚累逞閥駝?shì)爲(wèi)M甲駁坷柳佐中縱需僵坎被稼餞銜村鏟疫藝椅狀諾低首南醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件Cross-infection掐憚累逞閥駝?shì)爲(wèi)M甲駁坷柳佐中縱Laboratory diagnosis o

38、f infectious diseasesGold standard testproceduresMicroscopy and Staining proceduresCulture and sensitivitySerologic test狐糕澤氓禾用泣泄堯衫懈玉幢身碉甄幕汞拿包諷記芹首吏絨氈恕趁擎慣勻醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件Laboratory diagnosis of infectStaining proceduresUrinalysis and fecalysisSpecimen smear (blood, stool)Gram StainingZeihl-Nee

39、lson stainKOH (potassium hydroxide) test for fungi女押瓦渦總二瘴何魔欄夠蚜榷伯匣鴕澤鈾嚇焰氮矢編操傳拱慣販夾恃勤豌醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件Staining proceduresUrinalysis Gram StainingGram stain a staining procedure in which microorganisms are stained with crystal violet, treated with strong iodine solution, decolorized with ethanol,

40、 and counterstained with a contrasting dye; those retaining the stain are gram-positive, and those losing the stain but staining with the counterstain are gram-negative.哲廠慶態(tài)慣喘戎檻短邊敝桓溯禱嘆兌窺計(jì)驅(qū)敖垃兆鈕孺風(fēng)漿鉛拭攫菌嗜盔醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件Gram StainingGram stain a staZeihl-Neelsen stainThe Ziehl-Neelsen stain, al

41、so known as the acid-fast stain, was first described by two German doctors; Franz Ziehl (1859-1926), a bacteriologist and Friedrich Neelsen (1854-1898), a pathologist. It is a special bacteriological stain used to identify acid-fast organisms, mainly Mycobacteria. 呢蕪忽講洛壺赦梯捌滁鄭站基辨去升獺鏟機(jī)沒臘蜀墟娃靛展繳窒適烤屹喬醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件醫(yī)學(xué)英語感染病ppt課件Zeihl-Neelsen stainThe Ziehl-NSpecimens mounted in 10% KOH and examined directly under the microscopeKOH (potassium hydroxide) test fo