浙江專升本英語語法：非謂語動(dòng)詞

1、非謂語動(dòng)詞一不定式.不定式的用法(1)作主語不定式短語作主語時(shí)，往往放在謂語之后，用it作形式主語。To be without some of the things you want is an indispensable part of happiness. 有些東西你想要而沒有，這是幸福不可缺少的一局部。Isnt it a pleasure to review what one has learned from time to time?學(xué)而時(shí)習(xí) 之，不亦說乎？(2)作賓語英語動(dòng)詞大局部即可用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，也可以動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語。Every man desires to live long

2、 ;but no man would be old.每個(gè)都想長(zhǎng)壽，但沒 有人想做老人。Some people pretended to despise the things they cannot have.吃不到I葡萄說葡 萄酸。注：a.動(dòng)詞+疑問詞+todo,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)省略的賓語從句。The students were discussing how to make their mothers happy.Can you tell me where to get to the nearest toilet.b.不定式短語作賓語時(shí)，如果還帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語，往往把不定式短語放 在賓語補(bǔ)足語之后，而

3、用it作形式賓語。I always make it rule never to criticize or attack the government of my own country.I promised it never to beat your again.(3)作補(bǔ)足語Television enables you to be entertained in your home by people you wouldnt have in your home.有了電視，你就不必讓你不喜歡的人到你家里來，但可以享受 他提供的娛樂。He was seen to enter the buildin

4、g by the back door.注：a. demand, hope, suggest不能接不定式，只能接that從句。She suggests that I open the box myself.He demands that he should be treated equally.b.感官和使役動(dòng)詞后接省略to的不定式，但是用在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中to還原。Feel, have, hear, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, observe, see, watch 等She5s so ugly; she makes onions cry.她太丑了，

5、甚至把洋蔥都弄哭了。Take your way. Let the world talk,走自己的路，讓別人說去吧。The best way a man can make his wife listen is by talking to another woman.要 讓妻子聽你說話，屢試不爽的方法是對(duì)另一個(gè)女人說話。(4)作定語不定式作定語，一般為后置定語。School: A good place to sell glasses for short-sightedness.學(xué)校是買近視眼鏡最 好的地方。The only way to amuse some people is to slip a

6、nd fall in icy pavement.要使某些人發(fā)笑，唯有摔倒在結(jié)冰的人行道上。注：a.某些形容詞和動(dòng)詞后通常接to do結(jié)構(gòu)，這些詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞也一樣.Marriage is a bribe to make a housekeeper think she is a householder.婚姻是賄 賂家庭主婦讓她覺得她是一家之主。The best way to pay for a lovely moment is to enjoy it.匯報(bào) 良辰美景的最好方 法是享受它。b.the+序數(shù)詞，last, only,形容詞最高級(jí)+todoThe best way to stop kid

7、s from seeing dirty movies is to label them “Educational.”不讓小孩看臟電影的最好方法是給它們貼上“教育片”的標(biāo)簽。The first man to land on the moon is Armstrong.(5)作狀語，表示目的、原因、結(jié)果或條件Teas: A kind of liquid used by children to issue commands, by women to gain sympathy, and by men to tide over difficulties.淚：孩子用來發(fā)號(hào)施令，女人用來博 取同情，男人用

8、來度過難關(guān)的一種液體。To keep earning, keep learning.要想不斷賺錢就要不斷學(xué)習(xí)。He returns home only to find his wife running away.注:不定式常與enough和too.to連用A teenager is always too tired to hold a dishcloth, but never too tired to hold a phone.少男少女們總是累得拿不動(dòng)洗碗布，但從不會(huì)累得拿不動(dòng) 。Your dress should b tight enough to show youre a woman an

9、d loose enough to show you5re a lady.你的衣服應(yīng)該緊到足以說明你是女人，松到足以顯示你是女 士。(6)作表語通常表示預(yù)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示未來的可能性和假設(shè)。The duties of soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes.Woman have a more subtle instinct; what they like is to be a mans last romance. 女人具有更微妙的本能，那就是成為男人追求的最后一個(gè)對(duì)象。(7)作謂語復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)be+VPP+ to do (a

10、ssumed, believed, considered, expected, known, reported.) 也可轉(zhuǎn)換為it引導(dǎo)的主語從句。High heels are said to have been invented by a woman who had been kissed on the forehead.高跟鞋，是一個(gè)曾經(jīng)被人吻其前額的女性創(chuàng)造的。V+ to do (appear, get, happen, prove, seem, tend)It is a funny thing, but every time I dance with you the dances see

11、m to be very short. They are. My fiance is leader of the orchestra.be+adj+to do(anxious, bound, certain, eager, likely, ready.)The trees that are slow to grow bear the best fruit.慢慢長(zhǎng)的樹結(jié)出最美的果實(shí)。 2.需注意的問題 (1)不帶to的不定式某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)要用省略to的不定式，常見的有cannot but, cannot help but, had better, would rather.than., would

12、.rather than., may/might just as well 等The couple couldnt help but dote on and spoil them.老夫婦不免溺愛慫恿。Rather than toss and turn on his warm pillow, he would just as soon sit for a while longer on the deck.與其熱枕頭上翻來覆去，還是去甲板上坐坐吧。在but/except前有do的某種形式，那么省略后面的to,總之 有do無to。There was little 1 could do except

13、wait.除 了 等待，我?guī)缀鯚o所作為。There is no remedy for love but to love more.愛無藥可救，只有愛得更多。3.不定式的形式不定式的一般形式所表示的動(dòng)作，通常與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作(狀態(tài))同時(shí)(或幾乎同時(shí))發(fā)生，或是在它之后發(fā)生。Fm glad to meet you.Never advise anyone to go to war or to marry.(2)如果謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作(情況)發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，這 時(shí)不定式就要用進(jìn)行時(shí)。She seemed to be sleeping.He happened to be lying

14、 on the bed.(3)如果不定式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前，就要用其完成 式。She seemed to have forgotten all about it.Im sorry to have kept your waiting so long.不定式的語態(tài)當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式一般 要用被動(dòng)形式。The revolution remains to be accomplished, and our comrades must still work hard.革命尚未成功，同志仍須努力。It means that we have mo

15、re names of new countries to remember.二 動(dòng)名詞.動(dòng)名詞由動(dòng)詞+ ing構(gòu)成，否認(rèn)形式為not doing,具有動(dòng)詞和名詞的性質(zhì)， 在句中起名詞作用，可作主語、賓語、表語和定語等。(1)作主語Talking pays no toll.吹牛不用交稅。Seeing is believing.注：a. There is no+Ving,表沒做某事There is no trusting to appearance.夕卜表不可靠。b. It is no use (good)+ VingIt is no use doing what you like; you ha

16、ve got to like what you do. 不能愛哪行 才干哪行，要干哪行愛哪行。It is no good locking the stable door when the horse is stolen.丟馬鎖門，為時(shí)晚 矣。作表語Laughter is inner jogging.笑，就是這樣在體內(nèi)慢跑。Her hobby is collecting antiques-Old Millionaires.她的愛好是收集古董-年逾古 稀的百萬富翁。(3)作賓語What did the flower say to the bee? Quit bugging me,鮮花對(duì)蜜蜂說什么？

17、另理 我，煩著呢。You were drunk and kept repeating the same thing. Dont believe anything said by a drunk. What did I say to you? I love you, dear.admit, appreciate, give up, imagine, put off, resist, cant stand(無法忍受),give up, feel like等動(dòng)詞或詞組后可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但不能用不定式。When I read about the evils of drinking, I gave

18、up reading.forget, go on, mean, regret, remember, stop, try 等動(dòng)詞或詞組后可帶 動(dòng)名詞或不定式作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)別。I forgot to shake the bottle before giving you the medicine.allow, advise, forbid, permit等動(dòng)詞后直接跟動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語，如果后 面有名詞或代詞作賓語，其后用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。We dont allow smoking here.We dont allow students to smoke.start, begin, con

19、tinue, like, love, hate等在書面語中后多接動(dòng)名詞，在口語中后多接不定式。It has started to rain.Shes so fat, she jumped in the ocean, and the whales started singing, We are a family/5(4)作定語A blind man will not thank you for looking glass.瞎子不謝贈(zèng)鏡人。.動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞可以有自己的邏輯主語，常由形容詞性物主代詞，人稱代詞賓格，名 詞的所有格或普通名詞構(gòu)成。作主語時(shí)不能用第二和第四種結(jié)構(gòu)。如果動(dòng)名詞的 邏

20、輯主語和主語相同的話，那么省略動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語。What is the idea of the Greens having French lessons? They have adopted aFrench baby, and want to understand what she says when she begins to talk.Jacks escaping from the marriage ceremony made us astonished.I regret objecting to your plan.動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)分一般式和完成式兩種。We are int

21、erested in playing chess.如果動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，通常用動(dòng)名詞的 完成時(shí)態(tài)。He regretted having said them.主語是動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作的對(duì)象時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。He was afraid of being recognized.三、分詞.分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)(1)分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞，其否認(rèn)形式為not+分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞有一 般式和完成式。Being a student, he was interested in books.Having studied in it for three years, he know

22、s the university very well.(2)現(xiàn)在分詞有一般式和完成式，且有主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。The question being discussed is important.Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.分詞的用法(1)作定語分詞短語作定語時(shí)，放在被修飾的名詞之后；單個(gè)分詞作定語時(shí)，放在被 修飾的名詞之前。The man standing by the window is our teacher.注意：a.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作 幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作有先有后，一般不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，要用定語 從句。The teacher criticized the student who had broken the wi