跨文化閱讀課文翻譯終極版

1、語 翻 譯 復 習Unit 1Settling down at college around the world適應校園生活一一來自世界各地的訪談Tanya Zarutskaya Moscow, Russia塔尼婭扎茹茨卡婭莫斯科，俄羅斯This time last year I was nervous about my new life.去年的這個時候，我對新生活感到很緊張。I didnt have any friends, and it was my first time away from home. 我沒有朋友，也是第一次離開家。At first I worked all the ti

2、me, going to lectures and studying late into the night.一開始，我一天到晚都在忙功課：上課，并且學習到深夜。But then I realized I was missing out on so many other things at university.可后來我意識到我錯過了大學里許多其他活動。One day a girl in my hall of residence invited everyone in the dorm to a dinner party.一天，跟我住同一幢宿舍樓的一個女孩兒邀請全樓的人去參加一個晚宴。Ive

3、no idea where she managed to buy the food, or how she had enough money.我不知道她在哪兒買的那些吃的，也不清楚她怎么會有足夠的錢。And she dressed like a model.而且她穿得像個模特兒。I dont know why she was bothering with university!我真不知道她干嘛還要費那勁兒上大學！Ive got to know lots of interesting people and I now enjoy myself as well as study hard.現(xiàn)在我結

4、識了許多有趣的人，既努力學習，也快樂地生活。Miguel Fonseca Guadalajara, Mexico米古爾方斯卡瓜達拉哈拉，墨西哥When I first arrived at university, I tried to make notes about everything the professors said in their lectures.剛上大學的時候，我盡量把教授們在課堂上說的每一句話都記下來。But I ended up being too busy writing to listen.結果是我光忙著記筆記，都顧不上聽講了。Im studying chemist

5、ry, and everything seemed more complicated than what we learned at school.我現(xiàn)在學的是化學，現(xiàn)在學的東西似乎都比我們在中學里學的復雜。But then I realized that here, you have to listen and think more.現(xiàn)在，我已弄清新知識和過去所學知識之間的差別了。Ive now understood the difference between new information and things which I knew already.不過我意識到，在大學里，你應該更多

6、地去聽、去思考。Francine Bonnet Lyon, France弗蘭辛博內里昂，法國When I first arrived, the university seemed very large and unfriendly. 我剛來時，這所大學似乎很大，也很不友好。I found the freedom and the lack of guidance difficult at first.一開始，我覺得很難適應缺乏指導的自由生活。At school, I was used to a timetable with homework in the evening. 上中學的時候，我已經習

7、慣了晚上做家庭作業(yè)。I also had a lot of trouble managing my allowance.如何使用每月的生活費也讓我感到很頭疼。You have to buy food, books, bus fares, clothes and everything, so its not like the pocket money you had as a kid at home.你得買食品、書、公交車票、衣服等東西，這和小時候在家花零花錢大不一樣。The money arrives all in one go, so I felt pretty rich at the st

8、art of term.每學期的錢是一次性匯來的，所以一開始我總覺得手頭相當寬裕。Then I spent too much, and could only afford to eat a sandwich once a day! 然后我就大手大腳地花錢，搞到后來每天只能吃一個三明治！But now Ive realized that its no longer my parents or teachers responsibility to look after me.我現(xiàn)在認識到家長或老師不再有照顧我的責任了。For the first time, its me whos responsi

9、ble for my life . . and I dont know what to do!長這么大第一次，我該自己打理自己的生活了可我卻不知道該怎么辦！Unit3Thinking across cultures跨文化思考This view attracted a lot of criticism. 這一觀點招致了不少批評。People said it was too simplistic, it was based on insufficient evidence, and it was biased in favour of English (which seemed to offer

10、the most efficient way of presenting an argument).大家認為這種理論過于簡單化，論據不足，而且偏袒英語(好像只有英語才能 夠“最有效地”展開論述似的)。Russian students, in particular, didnt agree with the idea Kaplan had of them!俄羅斯學生尤其不認同卡普蘭對他們的看法。But Kaplans work at least reminded us that, to be able to write effectively in English (or any languag

11、e), it is not enough to master structures at sentence level we need to work at a higher level of organization, and to understand how rhetorical devices, such as repetition and figurative language, are used.不過，卡普蘭的研究成果至少提醒了我們一點：要想熟練地掌握英語(或任何語 言)寫作的能力，僅僅掌握句子層面的結構是不夠的我們需要在更高層次的 組織結構上下工夫，學會運用重復和比喻等修辭手法。

12、Whats more, most of us would probably agree that people from different cultural backgrounds do have different ways of presenting arguments, or telling stories, 并且，我們可能大都認同這樣一種觀點，即來自不同文化背景的人會以各自不同 的方式提出論點或者講故事。and that, even if these differences are difficult, and perhaps impossible to classify, just

13、 being aware that they exist can help us to understand and appreciate each other better.即使我們很難或是根本不可能闡明其差異，但僅僅是意識到這些差異的存在也有 助于我們加深對彼此的理解和認同感。Unit 4Saying it without words非言語表達Misunderstandings are not restricted to words.誤解并不僅限于言語。Its just as easy to create confusion with body language and gestures

14、which mean one thing in one culture, but something different in another. 由于肢體語言和手勢在一種文化中表達一個意思，可在另一種文化中又表達另一 個意思，這很容易造成困惑。For example, new arrivals from the West in China often find it strange when you stare at them, because it makes them feel embarrassed and self-conscious, whereas the Chinese are

15、simply curious.比如說，剛到中國的西方人看見有人盯著他們看，覺得很奇怪，因為這讓他們覺 得很尷尬、很難為情。其實，中國人只是好奇而已。Unit 6Market trading集市貿易In some markets, the trader will allow you to choose the fruit and vegetables yourself, but others may insist on choosing for you.在有些集市上，賣家允許你自己挑選水果和蔬菜，而在另外一些集市上，賣家可 能要堅持替你挑選。The best way to check is to

16、 do as the Romans do”.最好的方法便是入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。In other words, watch if the locals pick their goods, place them in a bowl or a basket, and then hand it to the trader.也就是說，留意當?shù)厝说淖龇?，看他們是不是自己挑選物品，將物品放入碗中或 者籃子里，然后交給賣家。Its rare to bargain in markets, or more precisely, in markets which sell food and clothes or anywhe

17、re the price is marked on a label.在集市上，或者更準確地說，在銷售食品、衣服或明碼標價的集市上，討價還價 是很少見的。The only exception is flea markets, that is to say, markets where you can buy second-hand goods and antiques.唯一的例外是“跳蚤市場”，也就是二手貨和古玩市場。But if its OK to bargain, find out what similar goods are worth on other stalls, let the s

18、alesperson tell you the price first, then make them an offer, or more precisely, about 40 per cent of their price, and hope to agree on something which pleases both of you.如果可以討價還價，你需要先了解相同的物品在其他貨攤上賣多少錢，然后讓賣 主先告訴你價格，你再還價，或者更確切地說，你給的價格可以大約是賣主出價。Unit 8Ecotourism生態(tài)旅游As a thoughtful and responsible trav

19、eller, there are several things you can do to avoid affecting or damaging the sights you have come to see. 作為一個有頭腦、負責任的旅行者，你可以做幾件事以避免影響或毀壞你參觀過 的風景名勝區(qū)。Its important to be aware of the economic, cultural and environmental effects of tourism.認識到旅游所產生的經濟、文化及環(huán)境效應是非常重要的。The more you put into your trip, th

20、e more youll get out of it.你在旅行中付出的越多，你從中得到的就越多。Find out about your destination.了解目的地。This doesnt just mean reading the guidebooks.這不僅僅意味著讀讀旅行指南。For example, before you go, look out for news and current events about the area youre planning to visit.比如說，走之前，你可以留意一下有關旅游目的地的新聞與時事。Try to learn a few wor

21、ds of the local language.或者試著學幾句當?shù)氐恼Z言。Respect local customs and traditions,尊重當?shù)氐牧曀着c傳統(tǒng)。such as wearing the right clothes or being careful about taking photos. 比如說著裝要得體，拍照時要小心謹慎。Try to remember that appropriate behaviour for you may not be transferable to another culture.要記住，在你看來恰當?shù)呐e止不一定會被另一個文化所接受。Rem

22、ember that youre not just a tourist, youre a guest.記住你不僅僅是名游客，你還是位客人。Dont show how wealthy you are.不要炫富。Your belongings, like cameras, wristwatches or jewellery, may create a barrier between you and the local people.你隨身攜帶的東西，如照相機、手表及珠寶首飾等，有可能在你和當?shù)厝酥g造 成隔閡。Keep them out of sight.把這些東西收起來。Conserve res

23、ources.節(jié)約資源。Be aware that, as a visitor, you may be using valuable resources, for instance, water, wood and food, which may already be under pressure. 要知道，作為游客，你可能會消耗日益稀少的珍貴自然資源，如水、木材及食品 等。A large hotel in the middle of nowhere uses more resources than small family-run accommodation.建在茫茫曠野中的大旅館比家庭經營

24、的小旅店要消 耗更多的資源。Follow the leave-no-trace rules.遵循不留痕跡的原則。Take home everything you brought, such as packaging, paper and litter. 把你帶來的所有東西，如包裝盒、紙、垃圾等，全都帶回家。Dont take home anything you didnt bring and which may have an impact on the environment, such as plants or souvenirs made from animal products. 不要

25、把不是你帶來的或是會對環(huán)境造成影響的東西帶回家，比如植物或用動物制 品制作的紀念品。Support the local economy.支持當?shù)氐慕洕?。For example, eat local food and use local transport, restaurants, markets and guides.比如說，品嘗當?shù)氐氖称罚俗數(shù)氐慕煌üぞ?，在當?shù)氐娘堭^就餐，光顧當?shù)?的市場，雇用當?shù)氐膶в巍ts important that the money you spend remains within the local community and creates jobs.

26、重要的是，你在當?shù)鼗ǖ腻X創(chuàng)造了就業(yè)機會。盡量避免隨大型旅游公司去旅行。Follow up your visit.繼續(xù)你的旅行。Your visit doesnt end with your flight home.乘飛機回到家以后，你的旅行并沒有結束。Theres lots more you can do, for instance, you can stay in touch with the people and the places you visited, and share your experiences with people back home and read up abou

27、t what youve learnt.你還可以做更多的事情，比如說，你可以和你去過的那些地方以及你見過的那些 人保持聯(lián)系，與親朋好友分享你的經歷，仔細研究一下你學到的東西。Sustain your interest by supporting suitable conservation agencies. 通過支持一些合適的保護機構來保持你的興趣。Try and write an article for publication in a local newspaper or magazine. 試著寫篇文章，投寄給當?shù)氐膱蠹埢螂s志發(fā)表。If you dont appreciate being

28、 a visitor, why do you want to leave home in the first place?如果你不喜歡旅行，那你當初為什么要離開家呢？Unit 9Cold climate, hot habit冷氣候，熱習慣In Finland winters are long and cold, with temperatures rarely rising above freezing, and the nights never seem to end.在芬蘭，冬天漫長而寒冷，溫度很少在零度以上，長夜漫漫，似乎沒有盡頭。In addition, those who live

29、in the far north of the country have to cope with the polar night, a period of 51 days on end during which the sun never rises.另外，那些生活在該國最北部地區(qū)的人們還得應對“極夜”，一段連續(xù)51天、 太陽永不升起的日子。But the Finns have invented a way of staying warm and happy the sauna. 但是芬蘭人發(fā)明了一種保持溫暖、快樂的方法一一桑拿。Almost every house in Finland h

30、as one; in a country which numbers just five million inhabitants, there are an estimated two million saunas. 在芬蘭，幾乎每一棟房子都有一間桑拿房。在這個只有500多萬居民的國家里， 估計有多達200萬間的桑拿房。Saunas have been around for a long time. 桑拿房歷史久遠，The first written reference to them dates back to the 12th century. 有關桑拿房的最早文字記載可以追溯到12世紀。

31、At first, the sauna was just a heated hole in the ground used for bathing. 最初，桑拿房只是在地上挖的一個坑，加熱后用于洗澡。But over time, as the population became more settled, it became an above-ground room separated from the main house.但是后來，隨著定居人口的增多，桑拿房變成了獨立于主宅的地上房間。Today, however, most modern homes include a sauna, in

32、 addition to a shower or bath, in the bathroom.但是，今天大多數(shù)現(xiàn)代家庭的浴室里除了淋浴噴頭和浴缸外，還有桑拿設備。Furthermore, the function of the sauna has changed.People today use it for relaxation.而且，桑拿房的功能也發(fā)生了變化，如今人們將它用作休閑享樂的場所。In essence, the sauna is a fire without a chimney.從本質上講，桑拿是不用煙囪的一團火。石頭被放在火上以儲存熱量。Rocks are put on the

33、 fire to retain the heat, and when you pour water on the rocks it releases a burst of heat throughout the room.當你往石頭上潑水時，它就釋放出大量的熱氣，瞬間彌漫整個屋子。For Finns the sauna is part of life from childhood, and an experience to be shared with family or friends.對于芬蘭人來說，早在童年時代桑拿就是他們生活的一部分，是與家人或朋友分享的人生經歷。Since being

34、 naked is the norm (but not a rule), it is usual (but again, not a rule) for men and women to take it in turns to have a sauna.洗桑拿浴時一般(但不是規(guī)定)要全身赤裸，因此通常(也不是規(guī)定)男人和女 人輪流洗桑拿。In public saunas there will be separate saunas for men and women.公共桑拿房里有各自獨立的男士桑拿間和女士桑拿間。The aim is to relax and sweat, after whic

35、h you can have a shower, or just run about in the snow outside.桑拿的目的就是為了放松和出汗。Some people dive into a nearby lake as well!桑拿之后，你可以沖個澡，或者干脆到外面雪地里跑跑。有些人還跳進附近的湖里！(There are 200,000 of them in Finland).(芬蘭有20萬個湖。)But are saunas healthy?但是，桑拿對身體有益嗎？Opinions are divided.對此人們的觀點各不相同。For example, although s

36、ome people think that it is possible to use a sauna to lose weight, most doctors would advise against this.例如，雖然有些人認為可以通過桑拿減肥，但是大多數(shù)醫(yī)生反對這么做。More realistic claims made in favour of saunas include improving blood circulation, getting rid of toxins, helping people who have breathing problems, and reliev

37、ing tired muscles.支持桑拿的更為現(xiàn)實的觀點包括桑拿可以改善血液循環(huán)、排除毒素、治療呼吸道 疾病以及舒緩肌肉疲勞。Whats more, research by the Finnish Medical Society suggests that people who regularly have saunas reduce their chances of catching colds by up to 30 per cent.而且，芬蘭醫(yī)學會的研究表明，那些經常洗桑拿的人患感冒的機會減少了 30%。But of course for Finns, the effect of

38、the sauna is psychological as well as physical.當然，對芬蘭人來說，桑拿的作用既是生理的，也是心理的。Relaxing in a sauna while winter rages outside is part of the pleasure of living in a northern climate.冬天，當室外已是一片冰天雪地的時候，在桑拿房里放松休養(yǎng)是生活在北方的一 種樂趣。適應校園生活一一來自世界各地的訪談塔尼婭-扎茹茨卡婭莫斯科，俄羅斯去年的這個時候，我對新生活感到很緊張。我沒有朋友，也是第一次離開家。一 開始，我一天到晚都在忙功課：

39、上課，并且學習到深夜?？珊髞砦乙庾R到我錯過了大學里許多其他活動。一天，跟我住同一幢宿舍樓的一 個女孩兒邀請全樓的人去參加一個晚宴。我不知道她在哪兒買的那些吃的，也不 清楚她怎么會有足夠的錢。而且她穿得像個模特兒。我真不知道她干嘛還要費那 勁兒上大學！現(xiàn)在我結識了許多有趣的人，既努力學習，也快樂地生活。米古爾-方斯卡瓜達拉哈拉，墨西哥剛上大學的時候，我盡量把教授們在課堂上說的每一句話都記下來。結果是我光 忙著記筆記，都顧不上聽講了。我現(xiàn)在學的是化學，現(xiàn)在學的東西似乎都比我們 在中學里學的復雜。不過我意識到，在大學里，你應該更多地去聽、去思考?，F(xiàn) 在，我已弄清新知識和過去所學知識之間的差別了。弗蘭

40、辛-博內里昂，法國我剛來時，這所大學似乎很大，也很不友好。一開始，我覺得很難適應缺乏指導 的自由生活。上中學的時候，我已經習慣了晚上做家庭作業(yè)。如何使用每月的生活費也讓我感到很頭疼。你得買食品、書、公交車票、衣服等 東西，這和小時候在家花零花錢大不一樣。每學期的錢是一次性匯來的，所以一 開始我總覺得手頭相當寬裕。然后我就大手大腳地花錢，搞到后來每天只能吃一 個三明治！我現(xiàn)在認識到家長或老師不再有照顧我的責任了。長這么大第一次，我該自己打 理自己的生活了 可我卻不知道該怎么辦！這一觀點招致了不少批評。大家認為這種理論過于簡單化，論據不足，而且偏袒 英語（好像只有英語才能夠“最有效地”展開論述似的

41、）。俄羅斯學生尤其不認 同卡普蘭對他們的看法。不過，卡普蘭的研究成果至少提醒了我們一點：要想熟練地掌握英語（或任何語 言）寫作的能力，僅僅掌握句子層面的結構是不夠的我們需要在更高層次的 組織結構上下工夫，學會運用重復和比喻等修辭手法。并且，我們可能大都認同這樣一種觀點，即來自不同文化背景的人會以各自不同 的方式提出論點或者講故事。即使我們很難或是根本不可能闡明其差異，但僅僅 是意識到這些差異的存在也有助于我們加深對彼此的理解和認同感。誤解并不僅限于言語。由于肢體語言和手勢在一種文化中表達一個意思，可在另 一種文化中又表達另一個意思，這很容易造成困惑。比如說，剛到中國的西方人 看見有人盯著他們看

42、，覺得很奇怪，因為這讓他們覺得很尷尬、很難為情。其實， 中 國 人 只 是 好 奇 而 已。四、在有些集市上，賣家允許你自己挑選水果和蔬菜，而在另外一些集市上，賣家可 能要堅持替你挑選。最好的方法便是入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。也就是說，留意當?shù)厝说淖龇ǎ?看他們是不是自己挑選物品，將物品放入碗中或者籃子里，然后交給賣家。在集市上，或者更準確地說，在銷售食品、衣服或明碼標價的集市上，討價還價 是很少見的。唯一的例外是“跳蚤市場”，也就是二手貨和古玩市場。如果可以 討價還價，你需要先了解相同的物品在其他貨攤上賣多少錢，然后讓賣主先告訴 你價格，你再還價，或者更確切地說，你給的價格可以大約是賣主出價的40%， 這樣就有望達成雙方都滿意的價格。五、作為一個有頭腦、負責任的旅行者，你可以做幾件事以避免影響或毀壞你參觀過 的風景名勝區(qū)。認識到旅游所產生的經濟、文化及環(huán)境效應是非常重要的