小學(xué)英語方位的表達(dá)方式

1、方位的表達(dá)方式第一節(jié) 交通工具及 “規(guī)則”一、介詞規(guī)則（一）by 條款：騎車、乘(駕)車、乘船、乘飛機(jī)可以使用介詞by。1、by 后跟光棍名詞，即名詞不加任何修飾。如：bybike/bus/car/train/ship/boat/plane。如：She is going to the Great Wall (長(zhǎng)城) by car/ bus.2、by ship 可用by sea 表示;by plane 可以用by air 表示。如：a. How long does it take by ship/sea? b. They often come back by plane/air.（二）in/on

2、 條款：步行、騎車、乘車、乘船、乘飛機(jī)可以使用介詞 in/on。步行只可用onfoot。(注意：步行不用byfoot) 如：SometimesIgotoschoolfoot.on ：on a/ ones 。乘車、乘船、乘飛機(jī)可用in 也可用on： in/ on a bus/train/ship/boat/plane。乘坐小汽車應(yīng)使用 in a car，不用 on a by +名詞短語，多可以用in/onHis father goes to work by bike.His father goes to work on a bike.Theygototherailwaystationbycar.

3、 Theygototherailwaystation in a car.by sea，by air 是一種比較隨便的口語結(jié)構(gòu)，故不宜用in 短語和on寫。即：by sea 不可用in/on the sea 替換；by air 不可用 in/on the air 替換。二、動(dòng)詞規(guī)則以上出行活動(dòng)皆可以選擇性地用動(dòng)詞walk, ride, take, drive 來表示。步行用walk She walks home every day.騎車用ride a 。如：Can you ride a bike to go there?乘車用 take a bus/train。如：I will take a b

4、us/train to go to Beijing.乘飛機(jī)用 fly(totakeaplaneareflyingtoEnglandnextweek.drive a 。如：They will drive a car to go to the USA. 動(dòng)詞規(guī)則不能與介詞規(guī)則相結(jié)合使用，尤其是動(dòng)詞walk, fly 。如： She walks home on foot every day. ()She goes home on foot every day. ()She walks home every day. ()He will soon fly to London by plane/air.

5、 ()He will soon fly to London. ()He will soon go to London by plane/air. ()第二節(jié)英語中方位的表達(dá)方式一、in, to, on 和 off 在方位名詞前的區(qū)別inA 地在BTaiwan is in the southeast of China.to 表示A 地在Bliestotheof China.on 表示A 地與B Korea is on the east of China.off Zealandlies off eastern coast of Australia.二、 漢語里“東南西北”的先后順序到英語里就變成了

6、north，south，east，west； 并由此有了下列中、英文表達(dá)上的差異。東南方：southeast西南方：southwest 西北方：northwest 東北方：northeast 如：十三陵位于北京西北50公里處TheMingTombsarelocatedabout50kmtothe northwestof天津位于北京東南 120 公里處。Tiajin is situated l20 km southeast of Beijing. 三、 near, by, beside, at 表示“在附近”時(shí)的區(qū)別nearSuzhou is near Shanghai.bybesidebesi

7、deby was sitting beside her.at 也有“在旁邊”的意思，但多表示有目的的行為所處的位置，而by 和beside 僅 表示位置關(guān)系。如： students are sitting at the desks listening to the teacher.四、at, inon1、atI shall wait for you at the station.用于門牌號(hào)碼前。如： He lives at 115 Zhongshan 2、inHe lives in Shanghai.雖然是很小的地方，如果說話人住在那里，也可用看作一個(gè)地點(diǎn)（point）用at，若看作一個(gè)場(chǎng)所用

8、in。如：I met him at the post-office.Im now working in the 3、on 表示地點(diǎn)，一般指與面或線接觸，意為“在上；在旁”。如：The picture was hanging on the wall.New York is on the Hudson 五、above, over, on, up1、 abovebelowWere flying above the clouds.2over指“在正上方表示垂直上方其反義詞為under。如：Theis over the river.3、on 表示“在上面”，與物體表面接觸，與beneath 相對(duì)。如 ：

9、There is a map on the wall. The earth felt soft beneath our feet.4up表示動(dòng)作的方向往上，反義詞為down。如 ：Please hang the picture up.Do 的作用動(dòng)詞 do 在句中的作用可以概述為四句十二字：做實(shí)義，助動(dòng)詞，替前文，強(qiáng)語氣。作用一：實(shí)義，動(dòng)詞 dodo 作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有do, does, did, done, doing 五種形式，還有及物、不及物之分。如：1、做；研究；整理；完成。如：The old man does an hour of sport every day.She did her

10、 homework at home last night.Mother was doing the cooking when I reached home.Have you done the exercisesyet?2、行動(dòng)；工作；進(jìn)展；足夠。如：Kate does very well in her Chinese.How do you do?Well done!Thatwill do.作用二：助動(dòng) dodo do, does, did They dont have any tickets fortonights concert.Kate stayed at home last night,

11、 didnt she?How many books does the library have?She doesnt do the washing in the evening.作用三：替代 do為避免動(dòng)詞的重復(fù)，使語言簡(jiǎn)練，常以do, does, did 替代前文所用的行為動(dòng)詞。如：Tom runs much faster than you do.-Lucy, can you get some more tea, please?-Sure. Ill do it right away.-Who broke the cup?-Mimi did.-I like bananas.-So does h

12、e.作用四：語氣 do為突出感情色彩，do 常用于祈使句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句和倒裝句中，以加強(qiáng)語氣。如：Do be careful.Dont tell a lie.He did come.-You often go to the park.-Sowe do.第三節(jié)介詞for的用法I like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜歡把面包和牛奶作為早餐。What will we have for supper? 我們晚餐吃什么?Thank you for helping me with my English. 謝謝你幫我學(xué)習(xí)英語。Thank you for your l

13、ast letter. 謝謝你上次的來信。Thank you for teaching us so well. 感謝你如此盡心地教我們。Let me pick it up for you.Watching TV too much is bad for your health. 看電視太多有害于你的健康。I usually do the running for an hour in the morning.We will stay there for two days.Lets go for a walk. 我們出去散步吧。I came here for my schoolbag.我來這兒取書包

14、。I paid twenty yuan for the dictionary. 我花了 20 元買這本詞典。Its time for school. 到上學(xué)的時(shí)間了。Here is a letter for you.Are you for this plan or against it? 你是支持還是反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃?Who are you waiting for?For example, Mr Green is a kind teacher.良的老師。第四節(jié)with 的用法with 是介詞，但其意義頗多，一時(shí)難掌握。為幫助大家理清頭緒，這里以教材中的句子為例，進(jìn)行分類，并配以簡(jiǎn)單的解釋 (。如：

15、Run with the kite like this.)。如：A glass of apple juice, two glasses of coke, two hamburgers with potato chips, rice and fish.)一起。) 。如：Now I am in China with my parents.Sometimes we go out to eat with our friends.go, come 連用，有 加入 you want to come with me?playplaywith 意為玩耍，玩弄 如： Two boys are playing with their yo-yos.help 一起構(gòu)成 幫助 某人) 做 (。如： On Monday and Wedne