復(fù)旦研究生綜合英語(1)修訂版unit3theantandthegrasshopper課件

1、U3Additional lnformation for the Teachers ReferenceText The Ant and the grasshopperWarm-up ActivitiesFurther ReadingSpeaking SkillsAdditional WorkWarm-up ActivitiesWarm-up 11. The teacher may divide students into five or six groups and ask them to introduce any fable that they have heard of to their

2、 group members.2. Introduce to the students the fable The Ant and the Grasshopper and invite comments on the ant and grasshopper in the fable. To which party does your sympathy go? In a field one summers day a Grasshopper was hopping about, chirping and singing to its hearts content. An Ant passed b

3、y, bearing along with great toil an ear of corn he was taking to the nest. “Why not come and chat with me”, said the Grasshopper, “instead of toiling and moiling in that way?” “Jam helping to lay up food for the winter”, said the Ant, “and recommend you to do the same”. “Why bother about winter?” sa

4、id the Grasshopper, “we have got plenty of food at present.” But the Ant went on its way and continued its toil. When the winter came the Grasshopper had no food and found itself dying of hunger, while it saw the ants distributing, every day, corn from the stores they had collected in the summer. Th

5、en the Grasshopper knew: It is best to prepare for the days of necessity.Warm-up 2 Somerset Maugham was a famous English novelist, short-story writer, playwright and critic. He was born in Paris and educated at Kings School, Canterbury, and at Heidelberg. In World War I, he served as a secret agent.

6、 He qualified in 1897 as a doctor from St. Thomas medical school but abandoned medicine after the success of his first novels and plays. His players are no longer popular, and his fame rests on his many short stories and four of his novels: Of Human Bondage (1915), The Moon and Sixpence (1919), Cake

7、s and Ale (1930) and The Razors Edge (1944). These reveal a cynical but sometimes compassionate view of humanity.AIFTTR1Additional lnformation for the Teachers Reference1. Somerset MaughamAIFTTR33. Monte Carlo Monte Carlo is a town in the independent principality of Monaco, on the Mediterranean coas

8、t known as the French Riviera. It is an international resort with a gambling casino, a yacht harbor and an annual automobile rally and the Monaco Grand Prix car race.Text The Ant and the GrasshopperNotesIntroduction to the Author and the ArticlePhrases and ExpressionsExercisesMain Idea of the TextMI

9、OTT2by making empty promises repeatedly. Later on he even went to such an extreme that he blackmailed his brother. Loading money to his brother, George appeared to be in Toms favor at the first sight. On a second thought, readers can find that George helped his brother only for his own sake. For ins

10、tance, he gave Tom some money in order that Tom might quit his job as a bartender. By doing so, he saved his face and the good reputation of his family. But unfortunately Tom took advantage of his weakness of vanity over and over again. The story offers a new interpretation of the fable of La Fontai

11、ne The Ant and the Grasshopper whose classical teaching is that in an imperfect world industry is rewarded and giddiness punished, and reveals the dual personality of ordinary people.Introduction to the Author and the articleIntroduction to the Author and the Article William Somerset Maugham (1874 -

12、 1965) was a famous English novelist, short-story writer, playwright and critic. He was born in Paris and educated at Kings School, Canterbury, and at Heidelberg. After qualifying as a medical student he became a successful playwright and novelist. His plays are no longer popular, and his fame mainl

13、y rests on his many shortstories and four of his novels, Of Human Bondage (1915); The Moon and Sixpence (1919), Cakes and Ale (1930) and The Razors Edge (1944). Introduction to the Author and the article2 In this short story, which is chosen from Maughams Collected Short Stories, Maugham, by describ

14、ing two brothers attitudes toward life, examines the nature and inconsistent qualities of human beings. When I was a very small boy I was made to learn by heart certain of the fables of La Fontaine, and the moral of each was carefully explained to me. Among those learned was The Ant and the Grasshop

15、per, which is devised to bring home to the young the useful lesson that in an imperfect world industry is rewarded and giddiness punished. In this admirable fable ( I apologize for telling something which everyone is politely, but inexactly, supposed to know) the ant spends a laborious summer Part2_

16、T1William Somerset MaughamThe Ant and the GrasshopperTextPart2_T2gathering its winter store, while the grasshopper sits on a blade of grass singing to the sun. Winter comes and the ant is comfortably provided for, but the grasshopper has an empty larder, he goes to the ant and begs for a little food

17、. Then the ant gives him her classic answer: “What were you doing in the summer time?” “Saving your presence, I sang, I sang all day, all night. ” “You sang. Why, then go and dance.” I do not ascribe it to perversity on my part, but rather to the inconsequence of childhood, which is deficient in mor

18、al sense, that I could never quite reconcile myself to the lesson. MyPart2_T3sympathies were with the grasshopper and for some time I never saw an ant without putting my foot on it. In this summary (and I have discovered since, entirely human) fashion I sought to express my disapproval of prudence a

19、nd common-sense. I could not help thinking of this fable when the other day I saw George Ramsay lunching by himself in a restaurant. I never saw anyone wear an expression of such deep gloom. He was staring into space. He looked as though the burden of the whole world sat on his shoulders. I was sorr

20、y for him. I suspected at once that his unfortunate brother had been causing trouble again. I went up to him and held out my hand.Part2_T5The Ramsays were perfectly respectable people and there was every reason to suppose that Tom Ramsay would have a useful and honourable career. But one day, withou

21、t warning, he announced that he didnt like work and that he wasnt suited for marriage. He wanted to enjoy himself. He would listen to no expostulations. He left his wife and his office. He had a little money and he spent two happy years in the various capitals of Europe. Rumours of his doings reache

22、d his relations from time to time and they were profoundly shocked. He certainly had a very good time. They shook their heads and asked what would happen when his money was spent. They soon found out, he borrowed. He was charmingPart2_T6and unscrupulous. I have never met anyone to whom it was more d

23、ifficult to refuse a loan. He made a steady income from his friends and he made friends easily. But he always said that the money you spent on necessities was boring; the money that was amusing to spend was the money you spent in luxuries. For this he depended on his brother George. He did not waste

24、 his charm on him. George was a serious man and insensible to such enticements. George was respectable. Once or twice he fell to Toms promises of amendment and gave him considerable sums in order that he might make a fresh start. On these Tom bought a motor-car and some very nice jewellery. But when

25、 circumstances forced George to realise that his brother would Part2_T8selfish, but he had never before done anything dishonest, by which George meant illegal; and if he were prosecuted he would assuredly be convicted. But you cannot allow your only brother to go to gaol. The man Tom had cheated, a

26、man called Cronshaw, was vindictive. He was determined to take the matter into court; he said Tom was a scoundrel and should be punished. It cost George an infinite deal of trouble and five hundred pounds to settle the affair. I have never seen him in such a rage as when he heard that Tom and Cronsh

27、aw had gone off together to Monte Carlo the moment they cashed the cheque. They spent a happy month there. For twenty years Tom raced and gambled, philandered with prettiest girls, danced, ate in the most expensive restaurants, and dressed beautifully. He always looked as if he had just stepped out

28、of a bandbox. Though he was forty-six you would never have taken him for more than thirty-five. He was a most amusing companion and though you knew he was perfectly worthless you could not but enjoy his society. He had high spirits, an unfailing gaiety and incredible charm. I never grudged the contr

29、ibutions he regularly levied on me for the necessities of his existence. I never lent him fifty pounds without feeling that I was in his debt. Tom Ramsay knew everyone and everyone knew Tom Ramsay. You could not approve of him, but you could not help liking him.Part2_T9Part2_T10 Poor George, only a

30、year older than his scapegrace brother, looked sixty. He had never taken more than a fortnights holiday in the year for a quarter of a century. He was in his office every morning at nine-thirty and never left it till six. He was honest, industrious and worthy. He had a good wife, to whom he had neve

31、r been unfaithful even in thought, and four daughters to whom he was the best of fathers. He made a point of saving a third of his income and his plan was to retire at fifty-five to a little house in the country where he proposed to cultivate his garden and play golf. His life was blameless. He was

32、glad that he was growing old because Tom was growing old too. He rubbed his hands and said:Part2_T11 “It was all very well when Tom was young and good-looking, but hes only a year younger than I am. In four years hell be fifty. He wont find life so easy then. I shall have thirty thousand pounds by t

33、he time Im fifty. For twenty-five years Ive said that Tom would end in the gutter. And we shall see how he likes that. We shall see if it really pays best to work or be idle.” Poor George! I sympathized with him. I wondered now as I sat down beside him what infamous thing Tom had done. George was ev

34、idently very much upset. “Do you know whats happened now?” he asked me. I was prepared for the worst. I wondered if Tom had got into the hands of the police at last. George could hardly bring himself to speak. “Youre not going to deny that all my life Ive been hardworking, decent, respectable and st

35、raightforward. After a life of industry and thrift I can look forward to retiring on a small income in gilt-edged securities. Ive always done my duty in that state of life in which it has pleased Providence to place me.” “True. ” “And you cant deny that Tom has been an idle, worthless, dissolute and

36、 dishonourable rogue. If there were any justice hed be in the workhouse.” “True. ”Part2_T12 George grew red in the face. “A few weeks ago he became engaged to a woman old enough to be his mother. And now shes died and left him everything she had. Half a million pounds, a yacht, a house in London and

37、 a house in the country.” George Ramsay beat his clenched fist on the table. “Its not fair, I tell you, its not fair. Damn it, its not fair.” I could not help it. I burst into a shout of laughter as I looked at Georges wrathful face, I rolled in my chair, I very nearly fell on the floor. George neve

38、r forgave me. But Tom often asks me to excellent dinners in his charming house in Mayfair and if he occasionally borrows a trifle from me, that is merely force of habit. It is never more than a sovereign.Part2_T13Part2_TA_Notes2Monte Carlo: a town in the independent principality of Monaco, on the Me

39、diterranean coast known as the French Riviera. It is an international resort with a gambling casino, a yacht harbor and an annual automobile rally and the Monaco Grand Prix car race.NotesHe always looked as if he had just stepped out of a bandbox: He always looked very clean and fresh.Providence: Go

40、dMayfair: a fashionable area in London, east of Hyde Parksovereign: a former British gold coin worth 1 settle down: adopt a more stable or quiet way of life; get used to a new way of lifewash ones hands of sb. / sth.: refuse to be responsible for sb. / sth. any longerbe in sbs debt: feel grateful to

41、 sb. for his / her helpmake a point of doing sth.: do sth. because one considers it important or necessaryPhrases and ExpressionsPart2_TA_ Phrases and ExpressionsPart2_TA_t2“你整個夏天都在忙什么？”“恕我直言，我在唱歌，我在唱歌，我整日整夜在唱歌?！薄霸瓉砟阍诔琛Ｄ敲茨憔徒又?，接著跳吧?！逼渲械脑⒁馕乙恢彪y以接受。我認(rèn)為不是因為自己過于執(zhí)拗，而是因為兒時不合邏輯的思維，那時尚未形成健全的道德觀。我非常同情那只草蜢，甚

42、至有一段時間我一見到螞蟻就非踩上一腳不可，以這種簡明的方式來表明自己看不慣螞蟻這種審慎、理性的做法（自那以后我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己這樣做也是完全合乎人性的）。前幾天，當(dāng)我看到喬治獨自在餐館用餐，我禁不住想起了這則寓言。我從未見到過任何人有如此陰郁的表情。他怔怔地望著前面，看上去似乎全世界的重?fù)?dān)都落到了他一個人的肩膀上。我為他感到難過。我懷疑是他不爭氣的兄弟又給他惹了麻煩。我走過去，向他伸出了手。Part2_TA_t3“你好嗎？”我問?！熬褪切睦锊惶吲d?！彼鸬?。“又是湯姆惹的嗎？”他嘆了口氣。“是的，又是他?！薄案陕镞€要管他？你已經(jīng)做得仁至義盡。你該知道他已經(jīng)是無可救藥的了?！蔽艺J(rèn)為家家戶戶都有敗類。2

43、0年來湯姆一直是個令家人頭疼的家伙。他的人生起步頗為體面： 開始做生意，后來結(jié)婚而且有兩個孩子。拉姆齊一家人非常受人尊敬，完全有理由相信湯姆會有一個成功而風(fēng)光的人生。但有一天，事先沒有任何征兆的，他聲稱自己討厭工作，而且也不適合婚姻生活。他要享受人生。他不聽任何人的規(guī)勸，就離開了妻子，離開了辦公室。他有點錢，在歐洲不同國家的首都快快活活地過了Part2_TA_t4兩年。有關(guān)他的種種行為的傳聞不時傳到了親戚的耳朵里，他們都深感震驚。毫無疑問，他生活得很開心。親戚們無可奈何地?fù)u著頭說，等他把錢花完了看他怎么辦。他們很快發(fā)現(xiàn)： 他靠借債過日子。他富有魅力，而且厚顏無恥。他向我借錢時，我從未遇到過比他

44、更難以拒絕的人。他從朋友那里獲得穩(wěn)定的收入，而且特別善于交友。他經(jīng)常說把錢花在生活必需品上毫無意義，而有趣的花錢方式是用它來享受奢華。為此他依賴哥哥喬治來滿足自己的享受，而他的魅力在喬治身上沒有白費。喬治是個一本正經(jīng)的人，對湯姆的花言巧語絲毫沒有察覺，同時他也是個正派的人，有一兩次輕信了湯姆要改過自新的諾言，給了他一筆數(shù)目可觀的錢讓他重新開始生活。湯姆用這筆錢買了一輛汽車和一些漂亮的珠寶飾物。但當(dāng)事實使喬治明白他的弟弟決不會安定下來，因而不想再管他時，湯姆開始敲詐喬治，良心上絲毫沒有感到不安。當(dāng)一位受人尊重的律師發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的弟弟在自己喜愛的餐館的柜臺后面調(diào)制雞尾酒，或看見他坐在出租馬車的馭座上有

45、一次湯姆差點坐牢。這讓喬治非常不安。他后來還介入了整個讓人丟盡臉面的事情。湯姆的確太過分了。他粗野、魯莽、自私，但他從前從未干過任何騙人的事，也就是喬治所指的非法的事。如果湯姆被起訴，他肯定會被判刑的?？墒菃讨慰偛荒茏屛ㄒ坏牡艿苋プ巍１粶菲垓_的那個人叫克朗蕭，他是個報復(fù)心極強的人。他堅決要和湯姆對簿公堂；他說湯姆是個惡棍，理應(yīng)受到法律制裁。結(jié)果喬治花費了相當(dāng)?shù)木?00英鎊才平息了此事。但當(dāng)他聽到湯姆和克朗蕭兩人把支票兌換成現(xiàn)金后馬上到蒙特卡洛去了，我從未見他如此暴跳如雷過。他們兩人還在蒙特卡洛高高興興過了一個月。Part2_TA_t5等候在自己常去的俱樂部外面時，終究感到有點不光彩。湯

46、姆說，做餐館酒吧服務(wù)員或趕出租馬車完全是個體面的職業(yè)，但如果喬治愿意給他幾百英鎊的話，他不會介意為了家族的榮譽放棄這種職業(yè)。喬治如數(shù)照付了。20年來，湯姆時常吃喝嫖賭、出入豪華賓館、打扮入時。他經(jīng)常衣冠楚楚。盡管他已經(jīng)40又6，但你決不會把他看成是35歲以上的人。和他相處令你非常開心，盡管你知道他一文不值，但還是會禁不住愿意和他交往。他興高采烈，快樂無比， 魅力十足。他經(jīng)常向我要錢購買生活必需品，但我總是慷慨解囊。每當(dāng)他向我借50英鎊時，我總是感覺欠了他的債。無人湯姆不認(rèn)識，無人不認(rèn)識湯姆。你也許不欣賞他，但你無法不喜歡他?？蓱z的喬治，他比這個鮮廉寡恥的弟弟僅年長一歲，看起來卻像60歲。25年

47、來他每年的休假從未超過兩個星期。他每天早晨9點半到辦公室，直到6點才離開。他正直、勤奮、值得人們尊敬。他有個賢妻。他從未背叛過她，甚至連不忠的念頭也從未有過。他有四個女兒，他是個最稱職不過的父親。他總是盡量省下三分之一的收入，打算在55歲退休后住到鄉(xiāng)村里的一棟小房子里。他可以在那里種花養(yǎng)草，打打高爾夫球。他的一生無可挑剔。他很高興自己一天天變老，因為湯姆也在變老，他搓搓手說道： Part2_TA_t6Part2_TA_t7“不錯，湯姆年輕英俊時過得很快活。但他只比我小一歲。再有四年他就50了。那時候他就會知道生活不容易。到50歲時，我將有三萬英鎊的積蓄。25年來我一直認(rèn)為他最終會窮困潦倒。等著

48、瞧吧，湯姆將怎樣忍受這樣的日子。等著瞧吧，是努力工作有好報還是游手好閑有好報?！笨蓱z的喬治，我很同情他。當(dāng)我在他旁邊坐下之后，我仍不知道湯姆到底干了什么不光彩的事。喬治顯然很心煩?！澳阒垃F(xiàn)在發(fā)生什么事了嗎？”我做好了最壞的準(zhǔn)備。我猜想湯姆可能最終已落入警察之手。喬治幾乎說不下去了。“你不會否認(rèn)吧，我這一輩子勤勤懇懇、為人正派、令人尊重，光明正大。我勤奮勞動，儉樸生活了一輩子，期望退休時能靠從金邊股票中獲得一筆小小的收入。我盡心盡職了一生，對此上帝感到很滿意?！盤art2_TA_t8“是這樣?！薄澳悴荒芊裾J(rèn)吧，湯姆是個無所事事、一無是處、生活放蕩和不知廉恥的惡棍。如果真有公理的話，他應(yīng)該呆在勞

49、教所里?！薄笆沁@樣?！眴讨蔚哪槤q得通紅。“幾星期以前他和一位大得幾乎可以當(dāng)他母親的女人訂了婚，現(xiàn)在這個女人死了，她的一切都留給了他。50萬英鎊，一艘游艇，在倫敦的一棟房宅和鄉(xiāng)下一棟別墅?！眴讨文缶o的拳頭重重地砸在桌子上。“這不公平。我敢說，這不公平，他媽的，這太不公平了?！蔽以僖踩滩蛔×恕？粗鴨讨螒嵟谋砬椋医蛔」笮?，我在椅子里笑得前仰后合，幾乎掉到地板上。喬治永遠不會原諒我。不過，湯姆經(jīng)常邀我到他在梅費爾漂亮的豪宅里去就餐。盡管他時而會向我借點錢，那也僅僅是出于習(xí)慣，從來沒超過一英鎊。Part2_TA1_the ant and the The Ant and the Grasshop

50、per, which is devised to bring home to the young the useful lesson that in an imperfect world industry is rewarded and giddiness punished.The fable The Ant and the Grasshopper is designed to instruct the young people with a practical moral teaching that in an imperfect society hard work is appreciat

51、ed and it will payoff while being too fond of excitement and pleasure is discouraged and it will be punished.Part2_TA2_I apologize for tellingI apologize for telling something which everyone is politely, but inexactly supposed to know .To be polite, I suppose that everyone has known the fable; but I

52、 doubt whether it is accurate, so Im sorry for telling the story again.Part2_TA2_I do not I do not ascribe it to perversity on my part, but rather to the inconsequence of childhood, which is deficient in moral sense, that I could never reconcile myself to the lesson.When I was a child I could never

53、accept the moral lesson of the fable, which I attribute to my immature moral consciousness rather than to my unreasonable feeling or behavior.Part2_TA2_In this In this summary (and I have discovered since, entirely human) fashion I sought to express my disapproval of prudence and common-sense.In thi

54、s concise way (since then I found it a completely human way) I tried to show my disapproval of the ants carefulness and practical good sense and judgment.Part2_TA2_For twenty-fiveFor twenty-five years Ive said that Tom would end in the gutter. And we shall see how he likes that.For twenty-five years

55、 Ive said that Tom would end in poverty and lets see how he feels when he lives in poverty.Part2_TA2_Tom had beenTom had been a sore trial to his for twenty years.For twenty years Tom had been troublesome and annoying as a test of his familys patience.Part2_TA3_I supposeI suppose every family has a

56、black sheep.I take it as a fact that every family has a person who brings embarrassment and loss of respect to the family.Part2_TA4_I never I never saw anyone wear an expression of such deep gloom.He was the first one that I ever saw who appeared to be so gloomy.Part2_TA4_He would He would listen to

57、 no expostulations.He wouldnt listen to any earnest and kindly reasoning against what he was doing at all.Part2_TA4_He made He made a steady income from his friends and he made friends easily.He borrowed money regularly from his friends and he was so charming that he won friendship easily.Part2_TA4_

58、He did not He did not waste his charm on him.He got what he wanted from his brother with his attractiveness.Part2_TA4_George George was a serious man and insensible to such enticements.George was so sincere that he was easily fooled by his brothers tricks.Part2_TA4_Once or twiceOnce or twice he fell

59、 to Toms promises of amendment and gave him considerable sums in order that he might make a fresh start.For several times George believed Toms promises to change himself and gave him a considerable amount of money so that he could live a new life.Part2_TA7_deviseExamples:devise (a plan, system or ma

60、chine) vt. designShe devised a method for quicker communications between offices.Scientists have devised a test that shows who is most likely to get the disease.Part2_TA8_bring home sth.Examples:bring home sth. make explicit sth. in an emphatic wayThe point is brought home in yesterdays detailed sta