桐高高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)(07)動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)-中學(xué)英語語法復(fù)習(xí)之時態(tài)和語態(tài)-課件

1、動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)時態(tài)和語態(tài)的主要考點1、考查在語境中判斷動詞時態(tài)的運用能力。?？嫉臅r 態(tài)為：一般現(xiàn)在、一般過去、一般將來、現(xiàn)在進(jìn) 行、過去進(jìn)行、現(xiàn)在完成、過去完成、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn) 行、過去將來等。2、時間、條件、讓步等狀語從句中動詞的時態(tài)；主從 句時態(tài)呼應(yīng)問題。3、持續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞的用法區(qū)別。4、及物動詞的被動語態(tài)。5、系動詞的用法特點。6、某些以主動形式表被動意義的動詞的用法。時態(tài)和語態(tài)的主要考點最常用的幾種時態(tài)與時間狀語的搭配一般現(xiàn)在every , sometimes,at , on Sunday 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行now, 現(xiàn)在完成for, since, so far, ever

2、, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past years, always, recently 一般過去yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now 過去進(jìn)行this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening when, while 過去完成before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon

3、as 一般將來next, tomorrow, in 過去將來多用在間接引語中表示發(fā)生在謂語動作以后的動作最常用的幾種時態(tài)與時間狀語的搭配一般現(xiàn)在every , s1.The Simple Present Tense1) 結(jié)構(gòu)(Active) do;does(Passive) is(am,are) done2) 主要用法：表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作和存在的狀態(tài)。eg.I often come to school early.eg.There are over 50,000 different characters in Chinese.1.The Simple Present Tense1) 結(jié)eg.H

4、e is an engineer. He looks young. 表示主語的特征，性格和能力。表示客觀事實，或普遍真理。eg.The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.eg.Practice makes perfect.eg.He is an engineer. He looks在時間，條件狀語從句中表示將來的動作。表示按時刻表計劃或安排好的動作。（只限于表示起始或移動意義的動詞。begin, come, leave, start, arrive, go, etc.eg.Ill tell him about it whe

5、n he returns home.在時間，條件狀語從句中表示將來的動作。表示按時刻表計劃或eg.I will find out when the train leaves.eg.The plane for San Francisco takes off at three p.m.eg.I will find out when the tr3)與一般現(xiàn)在時連用的時間狀語：every day, once a week, often, twice a week, usually, always, seldom, sometimeseg.I go to the the cinema once a w

6、eek.eg.Sometimes we work until twelve oclock.3)與一般現(xiàn)在時連用的時間狀語：every day, onc1.I need one more stamp before my collection _.A.has completedB.completesC.has been completedD.is completed1.I need one more stamp before2.Can I help you, sir?Yes. I bought this radio here yesterday, but it _. A. didnt work B

7、. wont workC. cant work D. doesnt work2.Can I help you, sir?A. didn3.-can I join your club?-you can when you_ a bit older.A.get B.will getC.are getting D.will have got3.-can I join your club?-y4.-Do you like the material?-Yes, it _ very soft.A.is feeling B.feltB.feels D.is felt4.-Do you like the mat

8、erial?5.I _ ping pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year.A.will play B.have playedC.played D.play5.I _ ping pong quite wel6.Visitors_ not to touch the exhibits.A.will request B.requestC.are requesting D.are requested6.Visitors_ not to touch tpersuade B. will persuade C. be

9、persuaded D. are persuaded 7.The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _ to eat more fruit and vegetables.persuade B. will pers A. doesnt goB. not to go C. not goingD. dont go8.There are eight tips in Dr Rogers lecture on sleep, and one of them is : to bed early unles

10、s you think it is necessary. A. doesnt goB. not to go8.9.The earth _ round the sun in 365 days.A.moves B.movedC.has moved D.move9.The earth _ round the su1.Do you often clean your room? 2.People speak English in many countries. Is your room often cleaned? English is spoken in many countries.1.Do you

11、 often clean your room2.The Simple Past Tense1)結(jié)構(gòu)(Active) did(Passive) was/were done2)主要用法：表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)表示過去一段時間內(nèi)經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作也可用： used to + v. would + v.2.The Simple Past Tense1)結(jié)構(gòu)(Aceg.He used to have two brothers.eg.When he was free, he would go and help others.在條件和時間狀語從句中，表示過去將來的動作。eg.I told him I wou

12、ld lend him my bike if Mr. Smith returned it to me the next day. eg.He used to have two brother3)一般過去時常與下列時間狀語連用：yesterday, before liberation, in 1960, two years ago, last month, in the past, the other day,etc.eg.I happened to meet him in the street the other day.3)一般過去時常與下列時間狀語連用：yesterday, b1.She

13、set out soon after dark _ home an hour later. A.arriving B.to arriveC.having arrivedD.and arrived1.She set out soon after dark 2.Your phone number again?I_quite catch it. Its 9568442.A.didnt B.couldntC.dont D.cant2.Your phone number again?I_ A.promises B.promised C.will promise D.had promised3.-Nanc

14、y is not coming tonight. -But she_!3.-Nancy is not coming tonig4.You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? Im sorry I_anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A.wasnt saying B.dont sayC.wont say D.didnt say4.You havent said a word abowas leavingB. had le

15、ftC. has left D. left5.- I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday. - Oh, how nice! Do you know when she _ ?was leavingB. had left5.- A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed6.My mind wasn t on what he was saying so I m afraid I _ half of it.A. was missing B. had mis1.The ti

16、ger in the zoo frightened the little girl. 2.They gave him a medal for his wonderful work. The little girl was frightened by the tighter in the zoo.He was given a medal for his wonderful work.1.The tiger in the zoo frighte3.The Simple Future Tense1)結(jié)構(gòu)(Active) will do (Passive) will be done2)主要用法：表示將

17、來的動作和狀態(tài)。eg.The farmers will begin to pick apples next Monday.eg.It will be a fine day tomorrow.3.The Simple Future Tense1)結(jié)構(gòu)(表示將來的其他用法：be going to + v.表示打算，準(zhǔn)備做的事，或即將發(fā)生或肯定要發(fā)生的事。eg.How are you going to spend your holidays?eg.Its going to snow.eg.Theres going to be a lot of trouble about this.表示將來的其他用法

18、：be going to + v.表示be about to + v.表示即刻要發(fā)生的動作。eg.We are about to leave.*be about to wheneg. I was about to go swimming when luckily our guide saw me and shouted at me “stop!”be about to + v.表示即刻要發(fā)生的動作。egbe to + v.表示安排或計劃好的動作。eg.A new hospital is to be built in our district.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示按計劃安排要發(fā)生的事。限于某些動詞，如

19、：leave, go, come, arrive, start,etc.eg.My uncle is arriving at 3:30p.m. tomorrow.be to + v.表示安排或計劃好的動作。eg.A ne3)一般將來時常與下列時間狀語連用：tomorrow, next week, in a moment, in the future,etc.eg.-How soon will he be back? -He will be back in two weeks.3)一般將來時常與下列時間狀語連用：tomorrow, neA. will never reach B. have ne

20、ver reached C. never reach D. never reached1.Let s keep to the point or we _ any decisions.A. will never reach A. will often see B. often see C. are often seeing D.have often seen2.Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _ advertisements showing happy families A. will often see 2.Turdo you

21、 B. will you C. didnt you D. dont you3.Alice. you feed the bird today, ? But I fed it yesterday. 3.Alice. you feed the bird 4.I _to Las Vegas before you _ back next week.A.am going; come B.shall go; comeC.am going; will comeD.shall go; will come4.I _to Las Vegas before y5.I will go with you as soon

22、as I _ my work.A.will finish B.shall finishC.finish D.have finished5.I will go with you as soon a1.People will laugh at you if you wear that dress. You will be laughed at if you wear that dress.2.They wont hold the meeting until next Friday. The meeting wont be held until next Friday.1.People will l

23、augh at you if 2.The doctor will ask the patient some questions before he gives her medicine. The patient will be asked some questions before she is given the medicine. 2.The doctor will ask the pati4.The Past Future Tense1)結(jié)構(gòu)(Active) would do(Passive) would be done2)用法說明：不能獨立使用，通常用在賓語從句中，表示從過去某一點看，

24、在將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。4.The Past Future Tense1)結(jié)構(gòu)(Aceg.He told me that he would go to Beijing the next month.eg. At that time I did not know if he would be able to finish the work on time.eg.He told me that he would go5.The Present Continuous Tense表示說話的時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作。1)結(jié)構(gòu)(Active) is/am/are doing(Passive)is/am/a

25、re being done2)主要用法：5.The Present Continuous TenseWhat are they doing? They are playing in the garden.表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作,盡管此刻這個動作可能并不在進(jìn)行。What are they doing? They are Leave, go, come, arrive, start,etc.表示將來發(fā)生的動作。限于一些表示起始和移動等意義的動詞。例如：eg.The manager is typing his letters these days.eg. He is a teacher of ph

26、ysics, but he is now teaching maths.Leave, go, come, arrive, starteg.The train is arriving soon.eg.They are going abroad for holidays.表示滿意，稱贊，關(guān)切，抱怨，不滿等情感。常與always, forever, constantly, continually等詞連用。eg.He is always helping people.eg.The train is arriving soon.*現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時所表示的動作具有臨時性，生動性，非完全性等特點。eg.He is

27、 living in Beijing.eg.He is walking to work because his bicycle is being repaired.*表示知覺，狀態(tài)，具有，感情類的動詞，一般不可用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)。如：*現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時所表示的動作具有臨時性，生動性，非完全性等特點。know, see, love, remember, like, want, realize, etc.know, see, love, remember, lik6.The Past Continuous Tense1)結(jié)構(gòu)(Active)was/were doing(Passive)was/were bei

28、ng done2.主要用法：表示過去某一時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作。6.The Past Continuous Tense1)結(jié)eg.What were you doing this time yesterday?eg.I was writing a letter when she came in.表示過去某階段在進(jìn)行的暫時性習(xí)慣動作。eg.He is a doctor,but at that time he was working in a laboratory.eg.What were you doing this ti表示過去將要發(fā)生的動作，但只限于一些表示起始和移動意義的動詞。eg.I had

29、 thought that he was coming to see me the next day, but he didnt. 表示過去將要發(fā)生的動作，但只限于一些表示起始和移動意義的動eg.When I got there, they were preparing for their trip, as they were leaving that afternoon.表示過去打算實現(xiàn)，但沒有實現(xiàn)的動作。eg.I was coming, but my car broke down.eg.When I got there, they were表示剛才的情況。eg.I was asking w

30、hat you thought of it.eg.-Can you give me the right answer?-Sorry,I wasnt listening. Would you please repeat that question?表示剛才的情況。eg.I was asking what 描寫故事的背景。eg.One day, we were walking along a road, which went around the foot of the hill.Suddenly, we saw a little girl running quickly towards us.現(xiàn)

31、在進(jìn)行時,表示未來動作的用法同樣適用于過去進(jìn)行時。描寫故事的背景。eg.One day, we were w7.The Present Prefect Tense1)結(jié)構(gòu)(Active)have/has done(Passive)have/has been done2)主要用法：表示發(fā)生在過去的動作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成，或剛剛完成。7.The Present Prefect Tense1)結(jié)eg.He has finished reading the book today.eg.There have been great changes in Beijing in the past twenty

32、 years.表示發(fā)生在過去的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。eg.The conference has lasted for five days.eg.He has finished reading theeg.We have known each other since we were children.表示動作在過去完成，構(gòu)成主語的經(jīng)歷。eg.I have been to the Great Wall three times.eg.This is the fourth time that I have seen the film. I like it very much.eg.We have kno

33、wn each other si表示動作發(fā)生在過去，但對現(xiàn)在的情況產(chǎn)生影響。eg.Thank you. I have had my supper.eg.I have seen the film.在時間和條件狀語從句中，表示將來完成的動作。（表示這一動作先于另一動作。表示動作發(fā)生在過去，但對現(xiàn)在的情況產(chǎn)生影響。eg.Thaneg.I will go and see the exhibition as soon as I have got the recorder repaired.eg.I will lend the book to you when I have finished readin

34、g it.表示一段時間內(nèi)重復(fù)性習(xí)慣性動作。eg.I will go and see the exhibeg.I have always walked to work.eg.I have got up early all my life.*瞬間動作的肯定式一般不可與表示一段時間的狀語一起用于現(xiàn)在完成時。瞬間動詞的否定式可以與表示一段時間狀語一起用于現(xiàn)在完成時。eg.I have always walked to woreg.He has come here for two days. eg.He has not come here for two days. 3)現(xiàn)在完成時常與下列時間狀語連用：

35、already, notyet, now, today, this month, this year, lately,just eg.He has come here for two dabefore, in resent years, since, for two years, during the past few years, from then on, so far, up to/till noweg.In the past twenty years, great changes have taken place in China.before, in resent years, si

36、nce用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句型 1）It is the first / second time. that結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late. 注意比較 Its time that 結(jié)構(gòu)： It is high time that we went to school.2）This is the that結(jié)構(gòu)，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時. This is the best film that Ive (

37、ever) seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。 This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing. 這是我第一次聽他唱歌。 用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句型 典型例題(1) - Do you know our town at all? - No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming (2) - Have you _ been to our town before? - No, its the first time I _ here. A. eve

38、n, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come 注意：非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時間的狀語連用。即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。（錯）I have received his letter for a month.（對）I havent received his letter for almost a month. BD典型例題(1) - Do you know our t8.The Past Perfect Tense1)結(jié)構(gòu)(Active)had done(Passive)had been done2)用法說明

39、：表示過去某個時間以前已經(jīng)完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。eg.He had already left when I got there.8.The Past Perfect Tense1)結(jié)構(gòu)(Aeg.They showed us the machine which they had produced.*若句子中含有 before, after, as soon as, until 等連詞引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，通?？捎靡话氵^去時代替過去完成時。eg.After he finished the task, he left for the next town.eg.They showed us the m

40、achine 9.The Present Perfect continuous Tense1)結(jié)構(gòu)(Active)have/has been doing(Passive)2)主要用法：表示動作從過去某一時刻開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)在這個動作可能剛剛終止，也可能仍然在進(jìn)行著。9.The Present Perfect continuoeg.We have been listening to the radio for an hour.eg.-You look tired, dont you?-Yes, I have been painting the room. eg.We have been

41、listening to t10.The Past Perfect Continuous Tense1)結(jié)構(gòu)(Active)had been doing(Passive)2)主要用法：表示過去某一時間以前一直在進(jìn)行的動作。eg.It had been raining for two days. The fields were all under water.10.The Past Perfect Continuouseg.At last they got the telegram they had been expecting.11.時態(tài)呼應(yīng) 主句 從句現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r 任何時態(tài)eg.He kno

42、ws what I said.eg.Li Li tells me that shell come.eg.At last they got the telegr 主句 從句 過去時 一般過去或過去進(jìn)行（表示主從句的動作同時發(fā)生）eg.I didnt know you were studying here. 過去完成時（表示從句動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前） 主句 從句 eg.He said he had lost his key. 過去時 過去將來時（表示從句動作發(fā)生在主句動作之后）eg.He told me he would go to the concert.eg.He said he had l

43、ost his key過去時 現(xiàn)在時（從句表達(dá)的是客觀真理） 主句 從句eg.The teacher said that the sun rises in the east.eg.Father told me that light travels fast.過去時 現(xiàn)在時（從句表達(dá)的*當(dāng)從句含有某一具體的過去時間狀語時，其謂語不用過去完成時。 eg.He told me he was born in 1954.eg.The man said that he joined the army in the year 1964.*當(dāng)從句含有某一具體的過去時間狀語時，其謂語不用過去完成時。-Hi,Tr

44、acy,you look tired-I am tired.I_the living room all day. A.painted B.had painted C.have been painting D.have painted-Hi,Tracy,you look tired20.Shirley_a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it. A.has written B.wrote C.had written D.was writing20.Shirley_a book about Ch

45、.You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? Im sorry I_anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A. wasn t saying B. don t say C. won t say D. didn t say.You havent said a word abou I wonder why Jenny_us recently. We should have heard from her by now. A. h

46、ash t written B. doesn t writeC. won t write D. hadn t written I wonder why Jenny_us _he sports meet might be put off. Yes,it all depends on the weather. A.Ive been told B.Ive toldC.Im told D.I told_he sports meet might As shethe newspaper,Grannyasleep. A.read; was falling B.was reading; fell C.was

47、reading; was falling D.read; fellAs shethe newspaper,GrannyYou dont need to describe her.I her several times. A.had metB.have metC.met D.meetYou dont need to describe I dont think Jim saw me; heinto space. A.just stared B.was just staring C.has just stared D.had just staredI dont think Jim saw me; h

48、e-my glasses?Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago. A. Do you see B. Had you seenC.Would you see D. Have you seen-my glasses?Helen her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husbandhome. A. has left; comes B. left; had comeC. had left; came D. had left;would comeHelen her keys in the off

49、i -How are you today? -Oh , I _as ill as I do now for a very long time. Adidnt fell B.wasnt feeling Cdont fell D.havent felt -How are you today?25.The reporter said that the UFO _east to west when be saw it. Awas travelling Btravelled Chad been traveling Dwas to travel.25.The reporter said that the

50、I first met Lisa three years ago.She at a radio shop at thetime. has worked was working C. had been working D. had worked I first met Lisa three years -Who is Jerry Cooper? - ? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting. A. Dont you meet him yet B. Hadnt you met him yet C. Didnt you meet him ye

51、t D. Havent you met him yet -Who is Jerry Cooper? The price,but I doubt whether it will remain so.went down B.will go downC.has gone downD.was going downThe price,but I doubt Hey,look where you are going? Oh,Im terribly sorry. A. Im not noticing B. I wasnt noticing C. I havent noticing D.I dont noti

52、cing Hey,look where you are goi狀語從句中的時態(tài)問題高考題點擊：1. - Can I join the club, Dad? - You can when you _ a bit older. (94 N) A. getB. will getC. are gettingD. will have got2. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _. (2001上海) A. have survivedB. are to survive C. would surviveD. w

53、ill survive說明：時間狀語從句中沒有將來時，需用一般現(xiàn)在時替代一般將來時。說明：條件狀語從句中不用將來時，但 be to 結(jié)構(gòu)不屬于將來時態(tài)形式。AB狀語從句中的時態(tài)問題說明：時間狀語從句中沒有將來時，需用一般3. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ from the university next year. (2002上海) A. will graduateB. will have graduated C. graduatesD. is to graduate4. It _ long befo

54、re we _ the result of the experiment. (2002上海春季) A. will not be, will knowB. is, will know C. will not be, knowD. is, know說明：by the time 引導(dǎo)的是時間狀語從句，故不能使用將來時。D選項雖可考慮，但 be to 結(jié)構(gòu)大多用來表示“義務(wù)、決定、職責(zé)、約定”等，與句意不合。說明：before 引導(dǎo)的是時間狀語從句，無將來時，而主句應(yīng)該用將來時。CC3. He will have learned Englis祈使句中的動詞問題高考題點擊：1. _ it with me

55、 and Ill see what I can do. (98 N) A. When leftB. LeavingC. If you leaveD. Leave2. _ some of this juice - perhaps youll like it. (2000 北京春季) A. TryingB. TryC. To tryD. Have tried3. _ at the door before entering, please. (01 北京春季) A. knockedB. To knockC. KnockingD. Knock4. _ blood if you can and many

56、 lives will be saved. (2001上海) A. GivingB. GiveC. GivenD. To giveDBDB祈使句中的動詞問題DBDB幾種時態(tài)的替代問題A：一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時 ： 除了在時間、條件、讓步狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時外，表示現(xiàn)在已安排好的未來事項，行程等活動也用一般現(xiàn)在時來代替將來時。如： The museum opens at ten tomorrow.博物館明天10點開門。(實際上每天如此。) B：一般現(xiàn)在時代替完成時： 句型 “It is since”代替“It has been since ” It is (= has been) fi

57、ve years since we last met C：一般現(xiàn)在時代替進(jìn)行時： 在全部倒裝句中都用一般現(xiàn)在時代替現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。如： Look, here comes Mr. Li. 幾種時態(tài)的替代問題時間、條件、程度狀語從句中動詞的時態(tài)在if 、unless等詞引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，when till/until 、as soon as 、the time等詞引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，以及the more the more 結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的程度狀語從句中，當(dāng)主句中的動詞用一般將來時，從句中的動詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時間。時間、條件、程度狀語從句中動詞的時態(tài)在if 、unless等NMET94年 38題I need one more stamp before my collection _. has completed B. completes C. has