世界編目觀(guān)念的發(fā)展課件

1、Cataloguing trends and development Part I 世界編目觀(guān)念的發(fā)展、編目界的最新動(dòng)態(tài)和趨勢(shì) 第1部 （對(duì)書(shū)目管理的未來(lái)知覺(jué)與美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)圖書(shū)館報(bào)告）Goh Su Nee 吳淑妮Head, Bibliographic Services Division書(shū)目服務(wù)部總負(fù)責(zé)人Nanyang Technological University Library南洋理工大學(xué)圖書(shū)館 April 2010 2010年 4月Cataloguing trends and developOutline綱要Ivey, Robert T.(2009) Perceptions of the F

2、uture of Cataloging: Is the Sky Really Falling? 對(duì)書(shū)目管理的未來(lái)知覺(jué)：天要塌了嗎？Future of bibliographic control LC report 美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)圖書(shū)館工作小組對(duì)于書(shū)目管理的未來(lái)的報(bào)告Outline綱要Ivey, Robert T.(2009Number of articles on future of cataloguing 有關(guān)編目的未來(lái)的文章數(shù)量圖1：歷年發(fā)表的有關(guān)編目未來(lái)的文章的大概數(shù)量（數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源：Google, Library literature, Cataloging & Classification Q

3、uarterly);Ivey, Robert T.(2009) Perceptions of the Future of Cataloging: Is the Sky Really Falling?, Cataloging &Classification Quarterly, 47: 5, 464 482Number of articles on future o4 trends identified by Richard Meyer in 1997 Richard Meyer 在1997辨認(rèn)的四個(gè)趨勢(shì)Fewer things to catalogue 越來(lái)越少需要編目的資源More outs

4、ourcing 更多外包Lower costs for traditional cataloguing 傳統(tǒng)書(shū)目管理成本越來(lái)越低Greater variety of information resources to manage 更多種類(lèi)的信息資源需要書(shū)目管理Richard W. Meyer, “The Catalogers Future: A Directors View,” Cataloging & Classification Quarterly 24, no.1/2 (1997): 195204.4 trends identified by RichardFewer things to

5、 catalogue?更少資源需要編目？圖2：近年來(lái)平均每家圖書(shū)館分編的單冊(cè)（數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源于A(yíng)RL的年度統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查，包括測(cè)繪制圖資料）Ivey, Robert T.(2009) Perceptions of the Future of Cataloging: Is the Sky Really Falling?, Cataloging &Classification Quarterly, 47: 5, 464 482Fewer things to catalogue?更少資More outsourcing?更多外包項(xiàng)目？Lam (2005): 79% of libraries surveyed we

6、re outsourcing some catalogue functions.參與調(diào)查的圖書(shū)館中79%正在外包某些編目功能。Indiana University Report (2006): Only 3 out of 14 libraries were outsourcing catalogue functions. 該州14家圖書(shū)館中僅3家正在外包編目功能。More outsourcing?更多外包項(xiàng)目？Lam (Lower costs for traditional cataloguing?傳統(tǒng)編目的成本越來(lái)越低？圖3：學(xué)術(shù)研究圖書(shū)館使用輔助專(zhuān)職人員做原編的比率Ivey, Robert

7、 T.(2009) Perceptions of the Future of Cataloging: Is the Sky Really Falling?, Cataloging &Classification Quarterly, 47: 5, 464 482Lower costs for traditional caLower costs for traditional cataloguing?傳統(tǒng)編目的成本越來(lái)越低？Ivey, Robert T.(2009) Perceptions of the Future of Cataloging: Is the Sky Really Fallin

8、g?, Cataloging &Classification Quarterly, 47: 5, 464 482Lower costs for traditional caGreater variety of information resources to manage?更多種類(lèi)的信息資源需要管理？圖5：學(xué)術(shù)圖書(shū)館處理數(shù)字資源的編目員比例Ivey, Robert T.(2009) Perceptions of the Future of Cataloging: Is the Sky Really Falling?, Cataloging & Classification Quarterly,

9、 47: 5, 464 482Greater variety of informationGreater variety of information resources to manage?更多種類(lèi)的信息資源需要管理？Ivey, Robert T.(2009) Perceptions of the Future of Cataloging: Is the Sky Really Falling?, Cataloging & Classification Quarterly, 47: 5, 464 482Greater variety of informationCataloguers in t

10、he digital age數(shù)字時(shí)代的編目員Changing role classical cataloguing as pre-coordinate vs. digital age cataloguing as post-coordinate 改換角色 傳統(tǒng)的編目為前協(xié)調(diào)，數(shù)字時(shí)代的編目為后協(xié)調(diào)User wont be restricted by the search terms that have already been allocated 用戶(hù)不再被預(yù)定的檢索術(shù)語(yǔ)所限制No more search engine vs. library catalogue but a combinati

11、on 搜索引擎與圖書(shū)館書(shū)目管理不再對(duì)立，而是共存Ivey, Rober圖書(shū)館t T.(2009) Perceptions of the Future of Cataloging: Is the Sky Really Falling?, Cataloging & Classification Quarterly, 47: 5, 464 482Cataloguers in the digital ageCataloguers in the digital age數(shù)字時(shí)代的編目員Based on emergence of XML and development of Semantic Web 基于可

12、擴(kuò)展標(biāo)記語(yǔ)言的崛起與語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)的發(fā)展Role of academic catalogue to expand from a locating device to being a research tool in itself 學(xué)術(shù)性編目的角色從定位的方式之一擴(kuò)展為本身成為一種研究工具Ivey, Robert T.(2009) Perceptions of the Future of Cataloging: Is the Sky Really Falling?, Cataloging & Classification Quarterly, 47: 5, 464 482Cataloguers in t

13、he digital ageTASK GROUPS ON THE FUTURE OF CATALOGING編目的未來(lái)工作組University of California study加利福尼亞大學(xué)的研究Users preference for simplicity and immediate results 用戶(hù)偏愛(ài)簡(jiǎn)潔、快速的結(jié)果Single catalogue interface for the whole California system 整個(gè)California系統(tǒng)的單一目錄界面Implementation of Functional Requirements for Bibliog

14、raphic Records (FRBR) 書(shū)目記錄功能需求概念的應(yīng)用Eliminate local variation in catalogue practices 消除編目實(shí)踐中的本地差異Metadata simplification簡(jiǎn)化元數(shù)據(jù)Importing more data from vendors從書(shū)商引進(jìn)更多數(shù)據(jù)Ivey, Robert T.(2009) Perceptions of the Future of Cataloging: Is the Sky Really Falling?, Cataloging & Classification Quarterly, 47: 5

15、, 464 482TASK GROUPS ON THE FUTURE OF CTASK GROUPS ON THE FUTURE OF CATALOGING編目的未來(lái)工作組Indiana University report 印第安納大學(xué)報(bào)告 in purchase of online resources網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源購(gòu)買(mǎi)量增長(zhǎng) in purchase of print materials印刷型文獻(xiàn)購(gòu)買(mǎi)量減少Growth of online publications在線(xiàn)出版物的增長(zhǎng)Mass commercial digitization海量的商業(yè)數(shù)字化 in budgets預(yù)算下降 in relian

16、ce on external vendors對(duì)書(shū)商的依賴(lài)增加From “creating MARC records” to “creating metadata in diverse environments”從“建立MARC記錄”到“建立多種環(huán)境下的元數(shù)據(jù)”Ivey, Robert T.(2009) Perceptions of the Future of Cataloging: Is the Sky Really Falling?, Cataloging & Classification Quarterly, 47: 5, 464 482TASK GROUPS ON THE FUTURE

17、OF CTASK GROUPS ON THE FUTURE OF CATALOGING編目的未來(lái)工作組Indiana University report印第安納大學(xué)報(bào)告From editing records of widely held published materials to preparing metadata for uniquely held research materials從“為廣泛出版的文獻(xiàn)編輯記錄”到“為獨(dú)特研究館藏提供元數(shù)據(jù)”To change relationships between cataloguing and other departments within

18、 the library改變圖書(shū)館中編目與其他部門(mén)的關(guān)系Expanding cataloguers work into non-MARC metadata編目員工作擴(kuò)展至非MARC的元數(shù)據(jù)Continuous effort to seek efficiencies through outsourcing and batch processing of vendor-supplied records從外包和批處理書(shū)商供應(yīng)記錄中尋找效率Few of digitally available information resources would be described with MARC極少數(shù)字化

19、資源采用MARC進(jìn)行描述Ivey, Robert T.(2009) Perceptions of the Future of Cataloging: Is the Sky Really Falling?, Cataloging & Classification Quarterly, 47: 5, 464 482TASK GROUPS ON THE FUTURE OF CReport to Library of Congress by Karen Calhoun (2006)Karen Calhoun提交給國(guó)會(huì)圖書(shū)館的報(bào)告 (2006)Powerful new discovery tools o

20、utside the library catalogue圖書(shū)館目錄以外的新的功能強(qiáng)大的資源發(fā)現(xiàn)工具Cost-effectiveness of cataloguing tradition and practice is under fire編目傳統(tǒng)與實(shí)踐的成本效益受到責(zé)難Data consolidation, state-wide systems, multiple pathways for discovering materials 數(shù)據(jù)整合，全國(guó)范圍的系統(tǒng)，檢索資料的多種途徑74 specific recommendations to change nature of the catalog

21、ue, process of cataloguing and delivery of library services74個(gè)關(guān)于改變編目的本質(zhì)、編目的過(guò)程、圖書(shū)館服務(wù)傳遞過(guò)程的建議Calhoun, K. (2006). “The Changing Nature of the Catalog and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools,”Report to Library of Congress Conclusion 結(jié)論Cataloguing will become more automated 編目將更加自動(dòng)化Standards more f

22、lexible 編目標(biāo)準(zhǔn)更加靈活A(yù)dditional material to be linked to bibliographic records 額外資料鏈接到書(shū)目記錄，如評(píng)論MARC will be replaced 機(jī)讀目錄格式將被取代More evolutionary than revolutionary 發(fā)展將更多的是漸近式，而不是革命式。Conclusion 結(jié)論Cataloguing will Conclusion 結(jié)論Impending dominance of digital over paper acquisitions 數(shù)字文獻(xiàn)采購(gòu)將占主導(dǎo)地位Shift of resou

23、rces from careful cataloguing of widely held materials to a more free-form cataloguing of unique materials 編目的對(duì)象將逐漸轉(zhuǎn)移到較獨(dú)特的館藏Such a shift would increase rather than decrease the demand for the skills of trained cataloguers 這樣的趨勢(shì)將使受過(guò)專(zhuān)門(mén)訓(xùn)練的編目員的技能更受重視Cataloguers need to be more flexible and versatile 編目員

24、必須更靈活及多才多藝Careful cataloguing of widely held materialFree-form cataloguing of unique materialConclusion 結(jié)論Impending dominanConclusion 結(jié)論Cataloguers must become more visible 編目員需提高可見(jiàn)度Cataloguers to be more engaged in teaching students 編目員需參與學(xué)生培訓(xùn)Cataloguers should publish more in journals outside the

25、traditional library realm, including making presentations at more interdisciplinary forums 編目員需在傳統(tǒng)圖書(shū)館領(lǐng)域以外的期刊發(fā)表更多論文，包括在跨學(xué)科論壇上做陳述Good communicator 優(yōu)秀溝通者Capable of performing many different library functions 能夠勝任圖書(shū)館各種的角色Conclusion 結(jié)論Cataloguers must On the record: report of the Library of Congress Work

26、ing Group on the Future of Bibliographic Control紀(jì)錄在案：美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)圖書(shū)館書(shū)目控制的未來(lái)工作組報(bào)告INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD PRODUCTION AND MAINTENANCE 提高書(shū)目生產(chǎn)和維護(hù)的效率1.1 Eliminate Redundancies 消除冗余 1.2 Increase Distribution of Responsibility for Bibliographic Record Production and Maintenance 促進(jìn)書(shū)目記錄創(chuàng)建和維護(hù)的責(zé)

27、任的分配1.3 Collaborate on Authority Record Creation and Maintenance 規(guī)范記錄創(chuàng)建和維護(hù)的合作Report 9 Jan 2008 報(bào)告2008年1月9日Response 1 Jun 2008 回復(fù) 2008年6月1日Recommendations for next 4 years 15 Sept 2009 對(duì)未來(lái)四年的建議 2009年9月15日On the record: report of the LINCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD PRODUCTION AND MAIN

28、TENANCE 提高書(shū)目生產(chǎn)和維護(hù)的效率1.1 Eliminate Redundancies消除冗余1.1.1 Make use of more bibliographic data available earlier in the supply chain 更多利用供應(yīng)鏈中較早可用的書(shū)目數(shù)據(jù)1.1.2 Re-purpose existing metadata for greater efficiency 為提高效率，重新考慮使用現(xiàn)有的元數(shù)據(jù)1.1.3 Fully automate the CIP process CIP過(guò)程的全部自動(dòng)化1.1.4 Re-examine the current

29、economic model for data sharing in the networked environment 重新審視網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境下當(dāng)前的數(shù)據(jù)共享經(jīng)濟(jì)模式1.1.5 Develop evidence about discovery tools to guide decision-makers 提供關(guān)于發(fā)現(xiàn)用于指導(dǎo)決策人的工具的證據(jù)1.2 Increase Distribution of Responsibility for Bibliographic Record Production and Maintenance 促進(jìn)書(shū)目記錄創(chuàng)建和維護(hù)的責(zé)任的分配1.1.2.1 All: Deve

30、lop workflow and mechanisms to use data and metadata from network resources, such as abstracting and indexing services, Amazon, IMDb, etc., where those can enhance the users experience in seeking and using information. 全部圖書(shū)館：開(kāi)發(fā)如何使用源自網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源的數(shù)據(jù)和元數(shù)據(jù)的工作流程和機(jī)制，比如摘要標(biāo)引服務(wù)，亞馬遜, 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)電影數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)等等，通過(guò)這些工作流程和機(jī)制可以增強(qiáng)用戶(hù)在尋找和使

31、用信息過(guò)程中的體驗(yàn)。1.1.2.2 All: Use metadata supplied by sound recording, motion picture, and other audio-visual distribution sources.全部圖書(shū)館：使用錄音、電影以及視聽(tīng)發(fā)行資源提供的元數(shù)據(jù)1.1.2.3 All: Use descriptive cataloging provided by book vendors and non-U.S. libraries whenever available.全部圖書(shū)館：使用書(shū)商和非美國(guó)圖書(shū)館提供的可用的描述書(shū)目INCREASE THE E

32、FFICIENCY OF BIB1.3 Collaborate on Authority Record Creation and Maintenance規(guī)范記錄創(chuàng)建和維護(hù)的合作1.1.3.1 LC: Develop content and format guidelines for submission of ONIX data to the CIP program and require publishers participating in the program to comply with these guidelines.國(guó)會(huì)圖書(shū)館：制訂向在版編目項(xiàng)目提交ONIX數(shù)據(jù)的內(nèi)容和格式的準(zhǔn)

33、則，并且要求參與項(xiàng)目的出版商遵守該準(zhǔn)則。1.1.3.2 LC: Develop a mechanism to accept these data in a fully automated fashion so that the descriptive portion of the bibliographic record is created prior to cataloging.國(guó)會(huì)圖書(shū)館：制訂全自動(dòng)化接受數(shù)據(jù)的機(jī)制，以便著錄部分可以比編目更早被創(chuàng)建出來(lái)。On the record: report of the Library of Congress Working Group on th

34、e Future of Bibliographic Control1. INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD PRODUCTION AND MAINTENANCE提高書(shū)目生產(chǎn)和維護(hù)的效率1.3 Collaborate on Authority ROn the record: report of the Library of Congress Working Group on the Future of Bibliographic Control2. ENHANCE ACCESS TO RARE, UNIQUE, AND OTHER SP

35、ECIAL HIDDEN MATERIALS促進(jìn)對(duì)珍本、孤本等特藏的獲取RESPONSE & RECOMMENDATIONSSpecial collections at LC回復(fù)&建議國(guó)會(huì)圖書(shū)館的特藏POSITION OUR TECHNOLOGY FOR THE FUTURE從將來(lái)著眼定位我們的技術(shù)3.1 The Web as Infrastructure網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施3.2 Standards 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)RESPONSE & RECOMMENDATIONSBibliographic data in new discovery environments回復(fù)&建議新的書(shū)目數(shù)據(jù)開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境On the record: report of the LOn the record: report of the Library of Congress Working Group on the Future of Bibliographic Control4. POSITION OUR COMMUNITY FOR THE FUTURE定位團(tuán)體的未來(lái)4.1 Design for Todays and Tomorrows