2022年考研考博-考博英語-南京大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號41

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-南京大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題As an ecological approach to Translation Studies, Eco-translatology views translation as an entire translational eco-system, and focuses on the relationship between the translator and this translational eco-environmen

2、t. A translational eco-environment is construed as a highly integrated entity that comprises the actual text, the cultural context and the human agents, as well as other tangible and intangible ingredients. In Eco-translatology, translation activities are described and interpreted in terms of such e

3、cological principles as holism, relevance, dynamics, balance and harmony, together with ecological aesthetics. Some elements of classical Chinese or Oriental philosophies and cultural quintessence are projected in this nascent approach.【答案】作為翻譯學(xué)研究的一種生態(tài)方法，生態(tài)翻譯學(xué)把翻譯看成是一個完整的翻譯生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，非常注重譯者與翻譯生態(tài)環(huán)境之間的關(guān)系。翻譯生

4、態(tài)環(huán)境被看作是一個有實際文本、文化語境和人類構(gòu)成的高度集成的實體，并且其中還包含其他一些有形和無形的成分。在生態(tài)翻譯學(xué)中，翻譯活動就是根據(jù)這些生態(tài)原則來描述和闡釋的，比如整體論、相關(guān)性、動態(tài)論、平衡性、協(xié)調(diào)性，還有生態(tài)美學(xué)等。一些中國古典文學(xué)、東方哲學(xué)乃至文化精髓的因素都可以在這種新的方法中折射出來。2.單選題Jean holds very （ ） opinions about food; she wont eat anything new or foreign.問題1選項A.awesomeB.conventionalC.consistentD.condimental【答案】B【解析】形容詞詞

5、義辨析。awesome “極好的”；conventional “傳統(tǒng)的”；consistent “始終如一的，一致的” ；condimental “調(diào)味品的”。句意：簡對食物的觀念很傳統(tǒng)，她不吃任何新的或者國外的食物。選項B符合題意。3.單選題Some companies have introduced flexible working time with less emphasis on pressure（ ）.問題1選項A.than more on efficiencyB.and more efficiencyC.and more on efficiencyD.than efficienc

6、y【答案】C【解析】考查語法。題目中emphasis和efficiency處于構(gòu)成并列的關(guān)系。句意：一些公司采用了彈性工作時間，更少地強(qiáng)調(diào)壓力，更多地強(qiáng)調(diào)效率。實際上為“more emphasis on efficiency”，選項C運用了省略的結(jié)構(gòu)，選項C符合題意。4.單選題As computer security systems become even more advanced, （ ）the methods of those who try to break into them illegally.問題1選項A.so much doB.so too doC.as much asD.as

7、 well as【答案】A【解析】語法知識題。空格的句子為主句，C和D選項句子不完整，A選項是倒裝句。句意：隨著電腦安全系統(tǒng)的越來越先進(jìn)，也出現(xiàn)越來越多先進(jìn)的方法非法闖入系統(tǒng)。選項A符合題意。5.單選題Always since the creation of celluloid, plastics have been found to have a multitude of industrial and com mercial uses.問題1選項A.AlwaysB.plasticsC.to haveD.a multitude of【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)題意，A選項句首應(yīng)該為ever sinc

8、e“自從”，句意：自從發(fā)明了電影膠片，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)塑料有很多商業(yè)和工業(yè)的用途。選項A符合題意。6.單選題Without exposure to the cultural, intellectual, and moral traditions that are our heritage, we are excluded from a common world that （1 ） generations. On the one hand, such exclusion tends to（2 ）us to recreate everything, a needless and largely impos

9、sible task; On the other hand, it tends to make us（3）, to suggest that we are indeed the creators of the world and of all good ideas （4） in fact we are only a fragment of the history of man. （5）entirely to ourselves, we could make only the slimmest contributions to wisdom.While the humanities overla

10、p the fine and liberal arts, they are also related of necessity to the sciences and to technology. Some of the （6）of the humanities raise questions about what ends are worthy to be（7）, what ideals deserve （8）But since it is futile to know what is worth doing without having any idea of how to get thi

11、ngs done, effective study in the humanities requires respect for and attainment of factual knowledge and technological skill. （9）, it is pointless to know how to get things done without having any idea what is worth doing, so that informed study in applied science demands （10） in the humanities.問題1選

12、項A.crossedB.passes downC.survivesD.exists問題2選項A.warnB.facilitateC.compelD.encourage問題3選項A.arrogantB.exhaustedC.productiveD.reliable問題4選項A.sinceB.whenC.whereasD.which問題5選項A.ProvidedB.LeftC.ReservedD.Kept問題6選項A.arenasB.communitiesC.subjectsD.disciplines問題7選項A.followedB.investigatedC.servedD.abandoned問

13、題8選項A.identificationB.maintenanceC.reverenceD.endeavor問題9選項A.SimilarlyB.ContrarilyC.VirtuallyD.Literally問題10選項A.concentrationB.presuppositionC.revelationD.reflection【答案】第1題:B第2題:C第3題:A第4題:C第5題:D第6題:B第7題:A第8題:C第9題:B第10題:A【解析】（1）詞義辨析。cross “穿過，交叉”；pass down “使流傳”；survive “生存，幸存”；exist “存在”。根據(jù)文意，如果我們不接

14、觸到流傳的文化和傳統(tǒng)，我們將會排除在流傳給下一代的大同世界之外。選項B符合題意。（2）動詞詞義辨析。warm “警告”；facilitate “促進(jìn)，幫助”；compel “強(qiáng)迫，迫使”；encourage “鼓勵”。根據(jù)文意，這種排斥傾向于促使我們重塑所有，這是一項不必要并且不可能完成的任務(wù)。選項C符合題意。（3）形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)文意，另一方面會使我們感到自大，認(rèn)為我們是世界的創(chuàng)造者，選項A符合題意。（4）邏輯推理。前一句說道我們是世界和優(yōu)秀思想的創(chuàng)造者，后一句提到我們實際上只是歷史中的一個小碎片。前后形成了對比和轉(zhuǎn)折。選項C符合題意。（5）動詞詞義辨析。provide “提供，裝備”；

15、leave “留下”；reserve “保存”；keep “保留”。句意：如果完全只有我們自己的話，那我們對智慧的貢獻(xiàn)是相當(dāng)微薄的。所以用keep sth. to oneself 的結(jié)構(gòu)，選項D符合題意。（6）名詞詞義辨析。arena “舞臺，競技場”；community“社區(qū)，共同體”；subject“主題，學(xué)科”；discipline“紀(jì)律”。句意：人文科學(xué)的一些社區(qū)團(tuán)體提出了一些問題。選項B符合題意。（7）動詞詞義辨析。Followed“追逐，追求”；investigate“調(diào)查”；serve“招待”；abandon“丟棄，拋棄”。根據(jù)文意，這些社團(tuán)提出的問題是，哪些目標(biāo)是值得追隨的。選

16、項A符合題意。（8）名詞詞義辨析。identification“鑒定，識別”；maintenance“維持，維護(hù)”；reverence“崇敬，尊嚴(yán)”；endeavor“努力”。根據(jù)文意，問題是什么樣的理想值得人們?nèi)プ鹬?。選項C符合題意。（9）邏輯推理?？疾閷ι舷挛南嚓P(guān)語句關(guān)系的把握，區(qū)分表示聯(lián)系的副詞。similarly“相似地”； contrarily“反之”；virtually“實際上”；literally “照字面地，不夸張地”。根據(jù)文意，確實地。前一句提到只知道什么事情是值得做的，但是不知道具體方法是無用的，空格后一句提到只知道如何把事情做好，而不知道什么事情是值得做的也是沒意義的。所

17、以前后兩句是相反的。選項B符合題意。（10）名詞詞義辨析。concentration“專心，專注”；presupposition“假定，預(yù)設(shè)”；revelation“揭露”；reflection“反映，沉思”。句意：在對應(yīng)用科學(xué)進(jìn)行研究時，也需要對人文科學(xué)投以關(guān)注。選項A符合題意。7.單選題Maisie had always thought of herself as being shy and （ ）,and was surprised that anyone should ask her opinion.問題1選項A.stutteringB.scatteringC.inarticulate

18、D.inexpressive【答案】C【解析】形容詞詞義解析。stuttering “ 口吃，結(jié)巴”；scattering “分散的”；inarticulate “不善于表達(dá)的”；inexpressive “無表情的，無意義的”。句意：梅齊認(rèn)為她是害羞而且不善表達(dá)的人，驚訝的是，竟然有人會問她的意見。選項C符合題意。8.單選題Some social critics took a dim view of the industrialism of the nineteenth century, believing that it （ ） a harsh, crude life-style.問題1選

19、項A.eradicatedB.facilitatedC.releasedD.imagined【答案】B【解析】動詞詞義辨析。eradicate “根除，消滅”；facilitate “促進(jìn)，助長”；release “釋放，發(fā)行”；imagine “想象，猜想”。句意：一些社會批判家對19世紀(jì)的工業(yè)化持悲觀態(tài)度，認(rèn)為它助長了一種嚴(yán)酷粗糙的生活方式。選項B符合題意。9.單選題Although this theory was never rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned（ ） the opposing view.問題1選項

20、A.in favor ofB.in place ofC.instead ofD.in terms of【答案】A【解析】介詞詞組辨析。in favor of “贊同，支持”；in place of “代替”；instead of “代替，而不是”；in terms of “在方面”。句意：盡管這一理論沒有被嚴(yán)格地被反駁過，但是教條會被拋棄，而轉(zhuǎn)向它的對立面。選項A符合題意。10.單選題We were（ ） in the middle of our conversation.問題1選項A.cut offB.cut downC.cut inD.cut out【答案】A【解析】動詞短語。cut of

21、f“中斷，切斷”；cut down“砍倒”；cut in“插嘴，插入”；cut out“切掉”。句意：我們在談話中途中斷了。選項A符合題意。11.單選題（ ）a continuous mass of water on the Earths surface, all continents are islands in the strict sense of the word.問題1選項A.The form of the oceansB.Since the oceans formC.To form the oceansD.That the oceans form【答案】B【解析】語法知識。考查狀語

22、從句，前半句是一個since 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。句意“自從海洋在地球表面形成了一塊整體的水域，所有的大洲從嚴(yán)格意義上來說都是島嶼。選項B符合題意。12.單選題The republication of the poets most recent works WUl certainly（ ）his national reputation.問題1選項A.magnifyB.strengthenC.enlargeD.enhance【答案】D【解析】考查近義動詞辨析。magnify “放大，贊美”；strengthen “增強(qiáng)力量”；enlarge “擴(kuò)大，使增大”；enhance “提高，增強(qiáng)（品質(zhì)、

23、吸引力）”。句意：這位詩人近期作品的再次出版會提升他在整個國家的聲譽。指價值的提升。選項D符合題意。13.單選題The increasing popularity of the motorcycle as a convenience, economical form of transportation has been just short of astounding.問題1選項A.popularityB.convenienceC.formD.just short【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)題中的“economical”可知，B項的convenience應(yīng)該用形容詞形式，構(gòu)成一個并列關(guān)系，都用來修飾

24、form，句意：摩托車作為一種經(jīng)濟(jì)方便的交通形式正在日益普及，真是令人震驚。選項B符合題意。14.單選題Most readers underestimate the amount of rewriting it usually takes to produce a spontaneous reading. This is a great disadvantage to the student writer, who sees only a finished product and never watches the craftsman who takes the necessary step

25、back, studies the work carefully, returns to the task, steps back, returns, steps back, again and again. Anthony Burgess, one of the most productive writers in the English speaking countries, admits, “I might revise a page twenty times.” Ronald Dahl, the popular childrens writer, states, By the time

26、 Im nearing the end of a story, the first part will have been reread and changed and corrected at least 150 times. Good writing is essentially re-writing. I am positive of this. Rewriting isnt something that ought to be done. It is simply something that most writers find they have to do to discover

27、what they have to say and how to say it. It is a condition of the writers life.There are，however，a few writers who do little formal rewriting，primarily because they have the capacity and experience to create and review a large number of invisible drafts in their minds before they approach the page.

28、And some writers slowly produce finished pages, performing all the tasks of revision，page by page. But it is still possible to see the sequence followed by most writers most of the time in rereading their own work.Most writers can scan their draft first，reading as quickly as possible to catch the la

29、rger problems of subject and form, then move in closer and closer as they read and write, reread and rewrite.1.What does the student writer fail to do?2.What do we know about Anthony Burgess?3.Why do some writers do little formal rewriting?4.What do most writers have in common?問題1選項A.To have enough

30、time to devote to writing.B.To find his disadvantage in writing.C.To see his works complete.D.To observe other writers rewrite.問題2選項A.He is the first person to find the disadvantage of the student writer.B.He is a craftsman who always regrets what he has done and therefore redoes it.C.He has publish

31、ed many literary works.D.He enjoys writing on the same page many times.問題3選項A.Because they can do the mental rewriting.B.Because they are not positive of what they have to say or how to say it.C.Because they believe rewriting is not worthwhile.D.Because they have to find their pages first before the

32、y write.問題4選項A.Spending a great deal of time plotting and drafting.B.Performing all the tasks of revision at once.C.Spending most of their time reading others works.D.Rereading and rewriting their works.【答案】第1題:D第2題:A第3題:A第4題:D【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句，學(xué)生們只注重成品，而不會去回過頭進(jìn)行修改，不會后退去做更多的研究工作，作者認(rèn)為這是學(xué)生作者的缺陷。選

33、項D符合題意。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段對Anthony Burgess的介紹, “one of the most productive writers in the English speaking countries, admits, I might revise a page twenty times.”，可以看出他說英語的國家中是一為多產(chǎn)的作家，而且很注重作品的修改細(xì)節(jié)。選項A符合題意。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段，“ primarily because they have the capacity and experience to create and review a large

34、number of invisible drafts in their minds before they approach the page.”，主要是因為這些作家有能力和經(jīng)驗在寫作之前，在腦海中完成草稿的創(chuàng)作和審查。選項A符合題意。4.主旨題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，大部分作家首先會掃描自己的作品，以最快的速度閱讀，檢查出形式和主題方面的問題，然后通過不停地重讀和重寫進(jìn)行修改，使其更加完美。選項D符合題意。15.單選題We will see（ ） the children are properly educated.問題1選項A.to themB.to thatC.to it whetherD.

35、to it that【答案】D【解析】考查語法。see to it that “確保，務(wù)必”，句意：我們必須確保孩子們是被正確地教育的。選項D符合題意。16.單選題They did not realize that they had （ ）a crime by cutting down the tree.問題1選項A.performedB.undertakenC.madeD.committed【答案】D【解析】動詞詞義辨析。perform “履行”; undertake “從事” ; make “制造”;commit “犯罪，承諾”。句意：他們沒有意識到砍樹這件事情使他們犯罪了。選項D符合題意

36、。17.單選題In spite of the（ ）economic forecasts, manufacturing output has risen slightly.問題1選項A.gloomyB.miserableC.shadowyD.obscure【答案】A【解析】考查近義詞辨析。gloomy “慘淡”miserable “悲慘的，痛苦的”；shadowy “模糊的”；obscure “晦澀的，不清楚的”。in spite of表示轉(zhuǎn)折，句子意思為：盡管經(jīng)濟(jì)前景不景氣，但是制造業(yè)的產(chǎn)量略有上漲。選項A符題意。18.單選題Grain production in the world is （

37、 ）, but still millions go hungry.問題1選項A.staggeringB.shrinkingC.soaringD.suspending【答案】C【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。stagger “蹣跚，使交錯”；shrink “收縮”；suspend“延緩，推遲”，soar “高漲”。句意：世界的糧食產(chǎn)量正在上漲，但是成百萬人仍在挨餓。選項C符合題意。19.單選題They are still in the （ ）stage between the old and new government.問題1選項A.transactionB.transplantingC.trans

38、itionalD.transforming【答案】C【解析】形近異義詞詞義辨析。transaction “交易”；transplanting“移植”；transitional “過渡期的”；transforming “轉(zhuǎn)化，轉(zhuǎn)變”。句意：他們還處在新政府到舊政府的過渡期。選項C符合題意。20.單選題It is estimated that a scientific principle has a life expectancy of approximately a decade before it drastically revised or replaced by newer informa

39、tion.問題1選項A.estimatedB.a life expectancyC.decadeD.it drastically【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)題中it is estimated可知，D項應(yīng)該也為被動語態(tài)it is drastically revised，構(gòu)成并列結(jié)構(gòu)，句意：據(jù)估計，在一項科學(xué)原則被新的信息徹底地修改和更新之前，預(yù)期的壽命大概是十年。選項D符合題意。21.單選題Mr. Smith became very（ ）when it was suggested that he had made a mistake.問題1選項A.ingeniousB.empiricalC.objec

40、tiveD.indignant【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。形容詞詞義辨折。ingenious “有獨創(chuàng)性的，機(jī)靈的”；empirical “經(jīng)驗主義的”；objective “客觀的”；indignant “憤憤不平的”。句意：當(dāng)被指出犯了錯誤時，史密斯先生感到很氣憤。選項D符合題意。22.單選題The pioneers of the teaching of science imagined that its introduction into education would move the conventionality, artificiality, and backward-

41、lookingness which were characteristic of classical studies, but they were gravely disappointed. So, too, in their time had the humanists) thought that the study of the classical authors in the original would banish at once the dull pedantry and superstition of mediaeval scholasticism. The profession

42、al schoolmaster was a match for both of them，and has almost managed to make the understanding of chemical reactions as dull and as dogmatic an affair as the reading of Virgils Aeneid.The chief claim for the use of science in education is that it teaches a child something about the actual universe in

43、 which he is living in, making him acquainted with the results of scientific discovery, and at the same time teaches him how to think logically and inductively by studying scientific method. A certain limited success has been reached in the first of these aims, but practically none at all in the sec

44、ond. Those privileged members of the community who have been through a secondary or public school education may be expected to know something about the elementary physics and chemistry of a hundred years ago, but they probably know hardly more than any bright boy can pick up from an interest in wire

45、less or scientific hobbies out of school hours.As to the learning of scientific method, the whole thing is palpably a farce. Actually, for the convenience of teachers and the requirements of the examination system, it is necessary that the pupils not only do not learn scientific method but learn pre

46、cisely the reverse，that is, to believe exactly what they are told and to reproduce it when asked, whether it seems nonsense to them or not. The way in which educated people respond to such quackeries as spiritualism or astrology, not to say more dangerous ones such as racial theories or currency myt

47、hs, shows that fifty years of education in the method of science in Britain or Germany has produced no visible effect whatever. The only way of learning the method of science is the long and bitter way of personal experience, and, until the educational or social systems are altered to make this poss

48、ible, the best we can expect is the production of a minority of people who are able to acquire some of the techniques of science and a still smaller minority who are able to use and develop them.1.The author implies that the professional schoolmaster” (line 6) has（ ）.2.The author blames all of the f

49、ollowing for the failure to impart scientific method through the（ ）.3.If the author were to study current education in science to see how things have changed since he wrote the piece, he would probably be most interested in the answer to which of the following questions?4.All of the following can be

50、 inferred from the text except（ ）.問題1選項A.no interest in teaching scienceB.thwarted attempts to enliven educationC.supported the humanistsD.been a pioneer in both science and humanities.問題2選項A.lack of interest on the part of studentsB.poor teachingC.examination methodsD.the social and education syste

51、ms問題3選項A.Do students know more about the world about them?B.Do students spend more time in laboratories?C.Can students apply their knowledge logically?D.Have textbooks improved?問題4選項A.at the time of writing, not all children received a secondary school educationB.it is relatively easy to learn scien

52、tific methodC.science teaching has imparted some knowledge of facts to some childrenD.the author believes that many teachers are authoritarian【答案】第1題:B第2題:A第3題:C第4題:B【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“make the understanding of chemical reactions as dull and as dogmatic an affair as the reading of Virgils Aeneid.”

53、 這些專業(yè)的老師使化學(xué)反應(yīng)的理解變得乏味，使閱讀變得教條化，所以教育越來越?jīng)]有活躍度。選項B符合題意。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，因為老師們圖方便和考試制度，使學(xué)生們沒有更好地學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)方法，直到教育制度或者社會制度發(fā)生了變化才能使學(xué)生們對科學(xué)方法的學(xué)習(xí)成為可能。所以作者沒有提及學(xué)生們的興趣問題。選項A符合題意。3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，作者最關(guān)心的是學(xué)生們有沒有接受到科學(xué)方法教育，最后一段可以看出，“the production of a minority of people who are able to acquire some of the techniques of science

54、 and a still smaller minority who are able to use and develop them.”，一部分人能研究獲得科學(xué)技術(shù)和方法，但是運用的人很少。由此可見，作者關(guān)心的學(xué)生能否用一些科學(xué)的方法獲得知識。選項C符合題意。4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“The only way of learning the method of science is the long and bitter way of personal experience”，學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)方法是漫長而痛苦的，并不是簡單的，選項B符合題意。23.單選題With the severe short

55、age of energy supply, we are facing the （ ） of a very hard winter.問題1選項A.expectationB.prospectC.promiseD.damage【答案】B【解析】名詞詞義辨析。expectation “預(yù)料” ; prospect “前景”；promise “承諾”;damage “毀壞”。句意：因為能源供應(yīng)的嚴(yán)重短缺，我們將面臨一個艱難的冬天。選項B符合題意。24.單選題Old beliefs die hard; even when jobs became（ ）, the long-standing fear th

56、at unemployment could return at a moments notice persisted.問題1選項A.preciousB.pervasiveC.plentifulD.persuasive【答案】C【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。Precious“寶貴的，珍貴的”；pervasive“無處不在的，普遍的”；plentiful“富足的，大量的”；persuasive“有說服力的”。句意：舊觀念難改。即使就業(yè)機(jī)會充足時，人們還是長期害怕失業(yè)會來臨。選項C符合題意。25.單選題James is quite （ ） with the customs and languages of

57、 the people in that part of the country.問題1選項A.knowledgeableB.commonC.awareD.familiar【答案】D【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。knowledgeable “博學(xué)的”;common “普遍的”;aware “意識到的”;familiar “熟悉的”。句意：詹姆斯對這個國家的這個地區(qū)人們的習(xí)俗和語言都相當(dāng)熟悉。選項D符合題意。26.單選題She is trying to（ ）him by phone as she has some very important news for him.問題1選項A.touchB.rea

58、chC.connectD.attain【答案】B【解析】動詞詞義辨析。Touch“接觸，觸摸”；reach“與.取得聯(lián)系”；connect“連接，聯(lián)合”；attain“取得，獲得”。句意：她試圖通過電話與他得聯(lián)系，因為她有很重要的消息告訴他。選項B符合題意。27.單選題Certainly no creature in the sea is odder than the common sea cucumber. All living creatures，especially human beings, have their peculiarities, but everything about

59、the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about a bizarre animal that, among other eccentricities, eats mud，feeds almost continuously day and night but can live without eating for long periods, and can be poisonous but is considered supremely edible by gourmets?For some fifty mill

60、ion years，despite all its eccentricities, the sea cucumber has subsisted on its diet of mud. It is adaptable enough to live attached to rocks by its tube feet, under rocks in shallow water, or on the surface of mud flats. Common in cool water on both Atlantic and Pacific shores, it has the ability t