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1、 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的定義情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(Model Verbs)又稱為情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞(Model Auxiliaries),本身有一定的詞義,但要與動(dòng)詞原形一起使用構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ),表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)有關(guān)行為或事物的態(tài)度和看法,表示可能、能力、請(qǐng)求許可、建議忠告、命令義務(wù)禁止、意圖、推測(cè)等。二、基本特征 :1. 在形式上,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的各種變化,即不隨主語(yǔ)的不同而變化,只有could, might,should,would, had to幾個(gè)過(guò)去式,其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞如must, ought to等的過(guò)去式皆與現(xiàn)在式同形。2. 在意義上,大多數(shù)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有多個(gè)意義。3. 在用法上,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與助動(dòng)詞一樣,

2、須后接動(dòng)詞原形,構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。三常見情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、否定式及縮略形式:四情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的分類五、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法1. can & could + do be done (能力、請(qǐng)求許可、猜測(cè))(1) My grandmother _ do some shopping on the Internet.(2)The building was on fire, but luckily everyone in it _ escape from it.(can/could 表示能力(ability),用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí), 意思相當(dāng)于 be able to。在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中,was / were able to

3、通常表示能做并且已經(jīng)做了的事=managed to do或succeed in doing,可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)中,could 僅表示能力。) _you give me a hand with the box?Could I use your car?Yes, of course you_ _. No, _ ( can/could 表示 “請(qǐng)求” 和“許可”,could語(yǔ)氣更委婉,肯定回答時(shí)要用can,不用could。)The temperature here _ be as high as 37.As a human being, anyone _ make a mistake.(can用在肯定句

4、中多表示理論上的可能,“經(jīng)驗(yàn)之談”,含有“有時(shí)會(huì)”的意思。)(cant . too/enough 無(wú)論也不過(guò)分;越越好; cant (help) but do sth. 不得不,只好;cant help doing sth. 禁不住做某事;“couldnt be better”表示“最好,再好不過(guò)”)翻譯:你過(guò)馬路的時(shí)候再怎么小心也不過(guò)分.I cant thank you too much for all your help to my son. One cannot but admire her determination. 我這個(gè)月的工作最好。含義否定式注意點(diǎn)(表能力)區(qū)別be able

5、to (請(qǐng)求許可)Could 語(yǔ)氣更委婉(表猜測(cè))表推測(cè)主要用于否定/疑問(wèn)句中,陳述句為客觀可能性May & might + do be done(請(qǐng)求許可、猜測(cè))(1)_ I have a few words with your manager?Yes, you _.No, you _.You _ have some fever.That _ be Mary shes in hospital.Mr Smith _ be a great player, but hes a good captain.(may not 不太可能會(huì) cant肯定不會(huì))(5)祝你成功!(may表示祝愿,常用結(jié)構(gòu)為:M

6、ay主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形)May you ! A. succeed B. success(6)Since it is a fine day, we _walk.His appearance has changed so much that you_ not recognize him.( may/might as well do sth “還是為好;不妨” =had better do sth may/might well do sth“很有可能”)Must & need + do be done(必須、肯定猜測(cè)、偏偏)You mustnt do that, because you must keep

7、 your word.Must I finish my homework today? Yes, you _. No, you _.( must表示“必要性”, 意為“必須”,其否定形式為mustnt (不準(zhǔn),禁止),must 的否定回答用 neednt dont have to不需要。must 表示一種主觀的義務(wù)和必要;而have to 表示一種客觀被迫需要,含有“不得不,只好”的意思。)(2)That _ be the only way. There _ be other ways of solving the problem.那不可能是解決問(wèn)題的唯一辦法,肯定有另外的辦法。(肯定猜測(cè)“一

8、定,準(zhǔn)是”,只能用在肯定句中, 在否定句、疑問(wèn)句中要用cant代替,表示“不可能會(huì))(3)Why must it rain today?為什么偏偏今天下雨?(must表“偏要”)Will & would + do be done (表意志;表請(qǐng)求建議;習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作;表猜測(cè))I _ never do that again. (表示意志、意愿和決心)(2)_ you give me a piece of paper?(表示請(qǐng)求、建議。用于第二人稱的疑問(wèn)句,would表示更委婉的語(yǔ)氣)(3)She _ listen to music, alone in her room, for hours.(4)W

9、e _ sit around Grandpa after supper, listening to his stories.(表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作、固有屬性或必然趨勢(shì),“總是;習(xí)慣于”。would指過(guò)去的習(xí)慣=used to。)Shall (意見、命令警告允諾、必須;應(yīng)該)+ doI am busy now. _ my brother do it for you?(用于第一、三人稱的疑問(wèn)句中表示說(shuō)話者征求對(duì)方的意見。) A. Will B. Shall C. Must D. May Daddy, can you buy me a new ipad when you go to Beijing? Yo

10、u _ get one if you are admitted to a key middle school.(shall用于第二、第三人稱,表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾。)(用于法律,條約,規(guī)章,等文件中,無(wú)論主語(yǔ)人稱如何一律用shall:必須;應(yīng)該 。)翻譯:每個(gè)學(xué)生在7:05分以前到達(dá)教室早讀。Should(主觀看法) + do = ought to (語(yǔ)氣略強(qiáng);法令規(guī)則、行為準(zhǔn)則、道德責(zé)任等客觀)+ do = be supposed to do sth (1)我們應(yīng)該嚴(yán)格要求自己。(2) Its wonderful that you should have achieved so

11、 much in these years. (3)Dont ask me. How should I know?(should表示責(zé)任、義務(wù)、勸告、建議,意為“應(yīng)該”=ought toshould表示驚訝、憤怒、失望等特殊情感, 意為“竟然”should表示按常理、經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行推測(cè),意為“按道理說(shuō)應(yīng)該”)Need + do be done(need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句或條件句中。)I neednt _(use) a clock to wake me up.Need he _(go) there himself?(need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,有人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)的變化,常用搭配:sb need to

12、 do需要做某事sth need doing/to be done需要被做)(3)I dont need _(use) a clock to wake me up.(4)Did he need _(go) there himself?(5)My watch needs_(repair).8. dareCan&could請(qǐng)求、許可推測(cè)能力May&might請(qǐng)求、許可推測(cè)祝愿(may)Will & would請(qǐng)求推測(cè)意愿、決心習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作must推測(cè)必要性偏偏、偏要Should 推測(cè)責(zé)任、建議竟然shall請(qǐng)求法規(guī)、規(guī)章制度允諾、警告、決心情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)1. I dont know where sh

13、e is, she _ in Shanghai. (可能在上海)2. At this moment, our teacher_.(一定正在上課)3. The road is wet. It _last night. (一定下過(guò)雨)4. Philip _ seriously in the car accident. (可能在車禍中受了重傷)5. Mike _ his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.(一定還沒有找回他的車)6. He _ his homework now. (不可能正在做作業(yè))注意:I really regret wast

14、ing the hours when I should have studied hard,but it is too late. I was really anxious about you. You shouldnt have left home without a word.I neednt have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are friendly to me.You could have reviewed, but you played games all night.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的

15、用法I.用法1.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表達(dá)過(guò)去某時(shí)之后將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。它常用于主句謂語(yǔ)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)從句中。例如:They would begin to discuss this when they arrived.他們到達(dá)時(shí)就會(huì)開始討論這件事。The peasants were sure that they would have another good harvest that year.農(nóng)民們堅(jiān)信那一年將又會(huì)大豐收。II.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)1. would do表達(dá)將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如:He wouldnt leave the next Friday.隨后的周五,他不會(huì)離開。2. w

16、as / were going to do表達(dá)準(zhǔn)備、計(jì)劃、將要做某事,它所表達(dá)可能發(fā)生也可能不發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如:The students were going to play table tennis that afternoon.那天下午學(xué)生們要打乒乓球。3. was / were about to do表達(dá)馬上發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,它不可與明確時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。其常用句式是was / wereaboutto do when+從句。例如:The meeting was about to be held at once.這個(gè)會(huì)議馬上舉行。4. go, come, return, leave, start,

17、finish等動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)過(guò)去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如。They said they were leaving for Paris soon.他們說(shuō)不久他們將離開去巴黎。5. was / were to do表達(dá)曾經(jīng)計(jì)劃做某事。例如:She said she was to buy a flat in Shanghai.她說(shuō)過(guò)要在上海買一套房子。高考鏈接1One of our rules is that every student _ wear school uniform while at school.AmightBCould CshallDwill2Did you attend th

18、e meeting for the experiment project yesterday?Yes, but I dont think I _ because my director was there.Aneed to haveBneed toCneeded toDneed have3Frankly speaking, I am not sure whether I _ this in the old days with that kind of equipment, which looks quite odd and ridiculous.Ashould have doneBneed h

19、ave doneCwould have doneDmust have done4Its already 11 oclock , and he _ have been here half an hour ago.Maybe he got caught in the rain.AmustBought to CMay Dcan5Can I pay the bill by credit card?Sorry, sir. But it is the management rules of our hotel that payment _ be made in cash.AshallBNeed Cwill

20、Dmust6Mark _ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.AneedntBwouldntCmustntDcouldnt7It has been announced that all the students _ put on masks before going to school in case they are infected with SARS virus.AshallBwillCneedDmay8I feel a little nervous.Take it easy. Y

21、ou _ have difficulty passing the exam when you have prepared for it well.9Whats wrong with you?Oh, I am sick. I _ so much ice cream just now.Ashouldnt eatBmustnt eatCcouldnt have eatenDshouldnt have eaten10Traveling by subway _ sometimes be quite an adventure, especially during the rush hour.AmustBc

22、anCshallDshould11He is a bad-tempered fellow, but he _ be quite charming when he wishes.AshallBShould CcanDmust12It is really cold and the ground is wet; it _ have rained last night.AmightBMust CcanDshould13Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He many times last week.Aneed have practisedBmigh

23、t practiseCmust have practisedDcould practise14I have something important to tell John. But I cant find him.His cell phone is here, so he _ have gone too far.AmustntBneednt CwouldntDcant15Mr. Baker, some students want to see you. _ they wait here or outside?AMayBShouldCShallDWill16Most of the top le

24、aders expressed a common desire at the UN conference, _ that different cultures _ coexist with tolerance.Athe one ; mustBthe one ; shouldCone ; mustDone ; should17It _ be the postman at the door. Its only six oclock.AmustntBcant CwontDneednt18I love the weekend, because I _ get up early on Saturdays

25、 and Sundays.AmustntBneednt CwouldntDshouldnt19Peter searched all the places where he_have left her iPad but it was all in vain. AmightBwouldCmustDshould21 Jim _ what I said annoying though he didnt say anything. So you mean you will have to apologize to him?Amust findBmight findCshould have foundDm

26、ust have found22Tom, you _ leave all your clothes on the floor like this!AwouldntBmustntCneedntDmay not23Skills like critical thinking and analysis _ be found on the Internet, because they must be acquired in the context of facts.AcantBneedntCmustntDshouldnt24_ you disturb me now? Im busy preparing

27、a report. Terribly sorry, but I have something urgent to tell you.ANeedBShouldCMightDMust翻譯1.*(2019天津高考 我本來(lái)希望送給彼得一件禮物祝賀他結(jié)婚, 但沒有做到。2.*(2019全國(guó)卷)人群可能會(huì)破壞這個(gè)地方的美。3.*她可能不知道這件事。4.(2019江蘇高考 我很樂(lè)意在歡迎儀式上穿中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)服裝。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)高考真題1The novel written by the author _ best, but five years ago no one could have imagined how g

28、reat a role he _ in the literary world.Asells; was to playBwas selling; was playingCsold; had playedDis sold; is playing2The plane is leaving right now,but Jim hasnt arrived yet.Well,he said he_here on time.Acame Bwould come Ccan be Dwill be3Daddy promised me he _ me a computer.Awas boughtBhad bough

29、tCboughtDwould buy5The students were told that they _ at the school gate at 2:00 the following afternoon.AMet Bwill meet Cwere to meet Dwere met6He said that his car_stolen and he_have to telephone the police.7John was given the same suitcase his father and grandfather _with them to school.8 Bob, did y

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